"Ref. Name","Year","Category","Summary","Reference type","Citation","Author(s)","Title"
"AAPMREPORT85(2004)",2004,"4A1A","Tissue inhomogeneity corrections, AAPM report # 85","Report","AAPM Report No. 85,2004,142 pages","Task Group No. 65 of the AAPM Radiaton Therapy Committee","Tissue inhomogeneity corrections for megavoltage photon beams"
"AAPMTG21(1983)",1983,"4A1A","Dosimetry for therapy beams,a protocol","Journal","Med. Phys. 10, 741-771(1983)","AAPM","A protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from high-energy photon and electron beams"
"AARNINK(1990)",1990,"4D1","XPS,angle-resolved","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  45, 37-48(1990)","Aarnink,W.A.M.,Weishaupt,A.,Vansilfhout,A.","Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and a modified Levenberg-Marquardt fit procedure: A new combination for modeling thin layers"
"ABDELBAKY(1996)",1996,"3C","Energy deposition calculation,gamma ray detectors","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A372,425-430(1996)","Abdelbaky,M.E.A.,Husseing,E.M.A.","A decoupled photon-electron transport method for calculation of energy deposition in gamma-ray detectors"
"ABDEL-RAHMAN(2005)",2005,"4A1A","Measurement uncertainty,build-up doses,megavoltage photon beams","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,  286-298(2005)","Abdel-Rahman,W.,Seuntjens,J.P.,Verhaegen,F.,Deblois,F.,Podgorsak,E.B.","Validation of Monte Carlo calculated surface doses for megavoltage photon beams"
"ABDOU(2002)",2002,"2C","S-L equation,moment method,energy deposition in Al","Journal","JQRST 72,289-297(2002)","Abdou,M.A.,Elhanbaly,A.,Elgarayhi,A.,Radwan,N.K.","Solution of Spencer-Lewis equation in an infinite medium plane and spherical geometries"
"ABEND(2003)",2003,"4A6","Significance of apoptosis as a process in cell loss reviewed","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 79, 927-941(2003)","Abend,M.","Reasons to reconsider the significance of apoptosis for cancer therapy"
"ABOUMANDOUR(1988)",1988,"3C","Electron beams (radial displacemt)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A269,282-286(1988)","Aboumandour,M.,Harder,D.","Quantitative analysis of the mean-square radial displacement of high-energy electron beams"
"ABOUZIED(2005)",2005,"4A5C","18F-FDG PET - a useful tool in staging & restaging of malignant neoplasms","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 33,145-155(2005)","Mohei M. Abouzied,Elpida S. Crawford,Hani Abdel Nabi","18F-FDG imaging: Pitfalls and artifacts"
"ACOSTA(1996)",1996,"3A","Backscattering, PENELOPE code simul","Journal","Scanning Microsc 10, 625-638(1996)","Acosta,E.,Coleoni,E.,Castellano,G.,Riveros,J.A.,Fernandez-Varea,Salvat,F.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron backscattering in solids using a general-purpose computer code"
"ACOSTA(1998)",1998,"4C2","X-ray spectra,Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 83,6038-6049(1998)","Acosta,E.,Llovet,X.,Coleoni,E.,Riveros,J.A.,Salvat,F.","Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray emission by kilovolt electron bombardment"
"ACOSTA(1999)",1999,"4C2","Monte Carlo X-ray spectrum simulation","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,121-127(1999)","Acosta,E.,Llovet,X.,Coleoni,E.,Salvat,F.,Riveros,J.A.","Simulation of x-ray spectra generated by electron impact on solids"
"ACOSTA(2002)",2002,"2B","Monte Carlo predictions of thick target bremsstrahlung","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 80,3228-3230(2002)","Acosta,E.,Llovet,X.,Salvat,F.","Monte Carlo simulation of bremsstrahlung emission by electrons"
"ADADUROV(1982)",1982,"4B07","Interface dose,charge","Journal","Soviet Atom. Energy 52,205-207(1982)","Adadurov,A.F.,Lazurik,V.T.","Calculation of non-equilibrium distributions of absorbed dose and space-charge during gamma-irradiation"
"ADADUROV(1995)",1995,"3D","Interface charge","Journal","J. Adhesion Sci Tech 9,1279-1289(1995)","Adadurov,A.F.","Surface and interface charge effects in metal-polymer adhesion"
"ADADUROV(1997)",1997,"4B07","Charge deposition near material interface","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 44,1076-1080(1997)","Adadurov,A.F.,Lazurik,V.T.,Rogov,Y.V.","Calculation of charges near an interface of dissimilar media under gamma irradiation"
"ADAM(1999)",1999,"4A5C","Correction for scattered radiation in 3D PET,Monte Carlo simulations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,2879-2895(1999)","Adam,L-E.,Karp,J.S.,Brix,G.","Investigation of scattered radiation in 3D whole-body positron emission tomography using Monte Carlo simulations"
"ADAMS(1995)",1995,"2B","MCNP,multigroup,BFP capability","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,334-337(1995)","Adams,K.J.,Hart,M.","Multigroup Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck electron-photon transport capability in MCNP"
"ADAMS(1996)",1996,"4B09","RADPAK PMOS dosimeter evaluation,electrons & protons","Conference","Proc RADECS 95,PP 449-452(1996)","Adams,L.,Nickson,R.,Kelleher,A.,Millward,D.G.,Strobel,D.J.,Czajkowski,D.","A dosimetric evaluation of the RADPAK using mono-energetic electrons and protons"
"ADAMS(1997)",1997,"4C3","Applications of several analytical methods to art and archaeology","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 12,  257-265(1997)","Adams,F.,Adriaens,A.,Aerts,A.,De Raedt,I.,Janssens,K.,Schalm,O.","Micro and surface analysis in art and archaeology"
"ADAMS(1998)",1998,"4C4","Review,microscopic XRF analysis,lab & synchrotron","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 13,  319-331(1998)","Adams,F.,Janssens,K.,Snigirev(1998)","Microscopic x-ray fluorescence analysis and related methods with laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources"
"ADAWI(1957)",1957,"3A","Depth-dose curves,e-beam,water","Journal","Phys. Rev. 107,1476-1482(1957)","Adawa,I.","Penetration of electron beams into water below the critical energy"
"ADBEL-FATTAH(1996)",1996,"4B09","Radiochromic film dosimeters,effects of humidity,temperature,time","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 47,  611-621(1996)","Abdel-Fattah,A.A.,Miller,A.","Temperature, humidity and time, combined effects on radiochromic film dosimeters"
"ADE(1992)",1992,"4B08","Photoemission spectro-microscopy at synchrotron facilities","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A319,311-319(1992)","Ade,H.W.","Scanning photoemission microscopy with sychrotron radiation"
"ADESIDA(1978)",1978,"2B","Monte Carlo simulation,PMMA,thin films","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 33,849-850(1978)","Adesida,I.,Shimizu,R.,Everhart,T.E.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron penetration through thin films of PMMA"
"ADESIDA(1980)",1980,"3B","Electron transmission (Monte Carlo)","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 51,5962-5969(1980)","Adesida,I.,Shimizu,R.,Everhart,T.E.","A study of electron penetration in solids using a direct Monte-Carlo approach"
"ADHIKARY(2005)",2005,"4A6","Radiation-produced free radicals in DNA,precursors to important DSBs","Journal","Nucleic Acids Research 33,5553-5564(2005)","Adhikary,A.,Malkhasian,A.,Y.S.,Collins,S.,Koppen,J.,Becker,D.,Sevilla,M.D.","UVA-visible photo-excitation of guanine radical cations produces sugar radicals in DNA and model structures"
"AERS(1990)",1990,"4C1","Algorithm for defect profiling","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218, 162-170(1990)","Aers,G.C.","An algorithm for defect profiling using variable energy positrons"
"AERS(1994A)",1994,"4C1","Positron transport,defect depth profiling","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303,   13-19(1994)","Aers,G.C.,Jensen,K.O.,Walker,A.B.","Calculation of positron diffusion in layered systems"
"AERS(1994B)",1994,"4C1","Positron stopping profiles,scaling law","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 661-663(1994)","Aers,G.C.","Simple scaling law for positron stopping in multilayered systems"
"AERS(1994C)",1994,"4C1","Positron transport,multilayers","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,1622-1632(1994)","Aers,G.C.","Positron stopping profiles in multilayered systems"
"AERS(1995)",1995,"4C1","Positron stopping profiles","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,196-209(1995)","Aers,G.C.,Marshall,P.A.,Leung,T.C.,Goldberg,R.D.","Defect profiling in multilayered systems using mean depth scaling"
"AFANAS'EV(1991)",1991,"3A","Electron backscattering,invariant imbedding theory","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. B164,133-140(1991)","Afanas'ev,V.P.,Naujoks,D.","Backscattering of fast electrons"
"AFANAS'EV(1994)",1994,"3A","Electron backscattering,invariant imbedding theory","Journal","Zeits. f. Physik B93,357-363(1994)","Afanas'ev,V.P.,Pavlenko,S.V.","Backscattering of megaelectronvolt electrons"
"AFANAS'EV(2004)",2004,"4E8A","Transmission,reflection function approach to EELS,REELS","Journal","Eur. Phys. J. B. 37.117-125(2004)","Afansas'ev,V.,Lubenchenko,A.,Gubkin,M.","Quantitative interpretation of EELS and REELS spectra"
"AFONIN(1991)",1991,"3E","X-ray depth distribution function (EPMA)","Journal","J. Anal. Chem. USSR 46,166-175(1991)","Afonin,V.P.","Models of the x-ray depth distribution function in electron probe microanalysis"
"AGOSTINELLI(2003)",2003,"2H","Long description of the Geant4 Monte Carlo ""toolkit""!","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A506,250-303(2003)","Agostineli,S.,Allison,J., and about 122 other authors!","Geant4 - a simulation toolkit"
"AGRAWAL(1994)",1994,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence, L-excitation lines in Au","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 23,  75-78(1994)","Agrawal,R.M.,Jha,S.N.","Relative intensities of L-alpha1, L-beta1,and L-beta2,3,15 lines of gold: photoexcitation with the continuum in and near the threshold region"
"AHN(1985)",1985,"4E8A","EELS,inner shell edge profiles","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   17,105-159(1985)","Ahn,C.C.,Rez,P.","Inner shell edge profiles in electron energy loss spectroscopy"
"AHNESJO(1987)",1987,"4A3A","Treatment planning (photon)","Journal","Acta Oncol. 26, 49-56(1987)","Ahnesjo,A.,Andreo,P.,Brahme,A.","Calculation and application of point spread functions for treatment planning with high-energy photon beams"
"AHNESJO(1989A)",1989,"4A1A","Photon dose calculation","Journal","Med. Phys. 16, 577-592(1989)","Ahnesjo,A.","Collapsed cone convolution of radiant energy for photon dose calculation in heterogeneous media"
"AHNESJO(1989B)",1989,"4A1A","Bremsstrahlung spectra, photon dose calculations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,1451-1464(1989)","Ahnesjo,A.,Andreo,P.","Determination of effective bremsstrahlung spectra and electron contamination for photon dose calculations"
"AHNESJO(1992)",1992,"4A1A","Pencil beam model","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  263-273(1992)","Ahnesjo,A.,Saxner,M.,Trepp,A.","A pencil beam model for photon dose calculation"
"AHNESJO(1994)",1994,"4A1A","Photon therapy beams,flattening filters","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,1227-1235(1994)","Ahnesjo,A.,Saxner,M.,Trepp,A.","Analytic modeling of photon scatter from flattening filters in photon therapy beams"
"AHNESJO(1995A)",1995,"4A1A","Photon therapy beams","Journal","Med. Phys. 22, 267-278(1995)","Ahnesjo,A.","Collimator scatter in photon therapy beams"
"AHNESJO(1995B)",1995,"4A1A","Photon beam attenuators,modeling","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1711-1720(1995)","Ahnesjo,A.,wber,L.,Nilsson,P.","Modeling transmission and scatter for photon-beam attenuators"
"AHNESJO(1999)",1999,"4A1A","Review,dose calculation methods for photon beams (therapy planning)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44, R  99-R155(1999)","Ahnesjo,A.,Aspradakis,M.M.","Dose calculations for external photon beams in radiotherapy (review)"
"AHNESJO(2006)",2006,"4A3B","IMRT,information process in treatment planning and delivery","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R381-R402(2006)","Ahnesjo,A.,Hardemark,B.,Isacsson,U.,Montelius,A.","The IMRT information process-mastering the degrees of freedom in external beam therapy"
"AIP218(1990)",1990,"4C1","Contents list of this volume of AIP Conference Proceedings 218","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218,     v-viii(1990)","American Institute of PHysics","Positron beams for solids and surfaces, London, Ontario, Canada, 1990 (several pages)"
"AIP303(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron transport articles","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303,AIP Press,NY(1994)","Ottewitte,E.,Weiss,A.H.,editors","Slow positron beam techniques for solids and surfaces, Fifth International Workshop, Jackson Hole, WY, August 1992 (table of contents)"
"AITOUCHEN(1997)",1997,"4E8A","EELS,quantitative by spectrum parametrization","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 8,369-378(1997)","Aitouchen,A.,Kihn,Y.,Zanchi,G.","Quantitative EELS by spectrum parametrization"
"AKANDE(1993A)",1993,"1C","Electron stopping power,low E,calc.","Journal","Health Phys. 64,272-278(1993)","Akande,W.","Calculated stopping powers of low-energy electrons in some materials of interest in radiation protection"
"AKANDE(1993B)",1993,"1C","Electron stopping power,calculation","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A135,  87-102(1993)","Akande,W.","Estimation of stopping powers of nonrelativistic electrons in solid materials"
"AKARA(2006)",2006,"1B"," Inelastic mean free path (IMFP), energy straggling parameter formulas","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64, 543-550(2006)","Aysegul Akara, Hasan Gumus, Nazmi T. Okumusoglu","Electron inelastic mean free path formula and CSDA-range calculation in biological compounds for low and intermediate energies"
"AKASOFU(1964)",1964,"4C6","The development of the auroral substorm (review?)","Journal","Planetary and Space Sci. 12,273-282(1964)","Akasofu,S.I.","The development of the auroral substorm"
"AKASOFU(1981A)",1981,"4C6","Cause of aurora is a large-scale electrical discharge surrounding planet","Journal","American Scientist 69.492-499(1981)","Akasofu,S-I.","The aurora"
"AKASOFU(1981B)",1981,"4C6","Solar wind - magnetosphere dynamo powering an electric discharge","Journal","Rept. Prog. Phys. 44,1123-1149(1981)","Akasofu,S-I.","The aurora: an electrical discharge phenomenon surrounding the earth"
"AKASOFU(1989)",1989,"4C6","Interaction of earth's mag field,solar wind -> vast generator of displays","Journal","Scientific American 260.#5,90-97(1989)","Akasofu,S-I.","The dynamic aurora"
"AKASOFU(2003)",2003,"4C6","Aurora arcs during substorms as a source of auroral electrons","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.108, A  4,8006,p1-8(2003)","Akasofu,S-I.","A source of auroral electrons and the magnetospheric substorm current systems"
"AKCASU(1996)",1996,"2C","Transport equation model","Journal","Annals Nucl. Energy 23,253-270(1996)","Akcasu,A.Z.,Larsen,E.W.","A statistical model for electron transport and dose calculations"
"AKCASU(1997)",1997,"2C","Diffusion equation, Fokker-Planck","Journal","Phys. Rev. E55,6753-6764(1997)","Akcasu,A.Z.,Holloway,J.P.","Fokker-Planck description of electron and photon transport in homogeneous media"
"AKKERMAN(1980)",1980,"4D3","Low energy electron transport","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. B101,109-116(1980)","Akkerman,A.F.,Chernov,G.Y.","Monte Carlo calculation of the electron transmission, reflection, and absorption in solids in the energy range up to 10 keV"
"AKKERMAN(1985)",1985,"4D3","Low energy electron Monte Carlo","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B    6,496-503(1985)","Akkerman,A.F.,Gibrekhterman,A.L.","Comparison of various Monte Carlo schemes for simulation of low energy electron transport in matters"
"AKKERMAN(1992)",1992,"4D4","Sec emission from CsI, MC simulations,new physical model","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 72,5429-5436(1992)","Akkerman,A.,Gibrekhterman,A.,Breskin,A.,Chechik","Monte Carlo simulations of secondary electron emission from CsI, induced by 1-10 keV x rays and electrons"
"AKKERMAN(1994)",1994,"4D4","Electron transport model in alkali halides below 10 eV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,4656-4662(1994)","Akkerman,A.,Boutboul,T.,Breskin,A.,Chechik,R.,Gibrkhterman,A.","Low-energy electron transport in alkali halides"
"AKKERMAN(1996)",1996,"4D4","Insulators,inelastic scattering in","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. B198,769-784(1996)","Akkerman,A.,Boutboul,T.,Breskin,A.,Chechik,R.,Gibrekhterman,A.,Lifshitz,Y.","Inelastic electron interactions in the energy range 50 eV to 10 keV in insulators: Alkali halides and metal oxides"
"AKKERMAN(1999)",1999,"4D1","Inelastic interactions in organic compounds, ,20-10000 eV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 86,5809-5816(1999)","Akkerman,A.,Akkerman,E.","Characteristics of electron inelastic interactions in organic compounds and water over the energy range 20-10000 eV"
"AKKERMAN(2002)",2002,"4E5","Ion energy-deposition in Si model,MC calcs,moments","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 49,3022-3031(2002)","Akkerman,A.,Barak,J.","Ion-track structure and its effects in small size volumes of silicon"
"AKKERMAN(2003)",2003,"4E5","Correction to expression for C(E) in AKKERMAN(2002)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 50,  741(2003)","Akkerman,A.,Barak,J.","Correction to ""Ion-track structure and its effects in small size volumes of silicon"""
"ALAEI(1999)",1999,"4B02","Photon energy deposition kernels for x-rays","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,1687-1697(1999)","Alaei,P.,Gerbi,B.J.,Geise,R.A.","Generation and use of photon energy deposition kernels for diagnostic quality x-rays"
"ALAFFAN(1996)",1996,"2B","Monte Carlo on personal computers","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,  309-313(1996)","Alaffan,I.A.M.","A comparison of speeds of personal computers using an x-ray scattering Monte Carlo benchmark"
"ALAHMAD(1983)",1983,"1C","Stopping powers & extrapolated ranges (1-10 keV)","Journal","J. Phys. D 16,2257-2267(1983)","Al-Ahmad,K.O.,Watt,D.E.","Stopping powers and extrapolated ranges for electrons (1-10 keV) in metals"
"ALAM(1997)",1997,"4A3A","Treatment planning (photons)","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,2043-2054(1997)","Alam,R.,Ibbott,G.S.,Pourang,R.,Nath,R.","Application of AAPM Radiation therapy committee task group-23 test package for comparison of 2 treatment planning systems for photon external beam radiotherapy"
"ALATALO(1998)",1988,"4C1","Lattice structure effect on Doppler broadening of annihilaton radiation","Journal","J. Phys. Chem. Sol. 59,55-59(1998)","Alatalo,M.,Asoka-Kumar,P.,Ghosh,V.J.,Nielsen,B.,Lynn,K.G.kkruseman,A.C.,Van Veen,A.,Korhonen,T.,Puska,M.J.","Effect of lattice structure on the positron annihilation with inner shell electrons"
"AL-BETERI(1992)",1992,"2B","Monte Carlo code design","Journal","Computers in Physics 6,633-642(1992)","Al-Beteri,A.A.,Raeside,D.E.","A Monte Carlo electron transport code for the desktop computer"
"AL-BETERI(1993)",1993,"2B","Electron M.C.code design,application","Journal","Comp Meth Prog Biomed 39,147-167(1993)","Al-Beteri,A.A.,Raeside,D.E.","Designing, benchmarking, and applying a Monte-Carlo electron transport code"
"AL-DWERI(2004)",2004,"4A1A","PENELOPE simulation,GammaKnife instrument","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,2687-2703(2004)","Al-Dweri,F.M.O.,Lallena,A.M.,Vilches,M.","A simplified model of the source channel of the Leksell GammaKnife tested with PENELOPE"
"ALEXANDER(1994)",1994,"4C5","Review of application of EBIC to extended defects","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Engin. B24,    1-7(1994)","Alexander,H.","What information on extended defects do we obtain from beam-injection methods? (review)"
"ALEXEYEV(1990)",1990,"4D1","Auger analysis,impurity depth distribs","Journal","Vacuum 41,1725-1727(1990)","Alexeyev,A.P.,Zaporozchenko,V.I.","Quantitative depth analysis of impurities in solids based on combination of AES and EPMA"
"ALEXEYEV(1991)",1991,"4C3","EPMA,impurity depth distributions","Journal","Fres J Anal Chem 341,601-605(1991)","Alexeyev,A.P.,Zaporozchenko,V.I.","Electron probe x-ray microanalysis as a nondestructive method for the quantitative determination of ion-implanted impurities in silicon"
"ALEXEYEV(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,impurity depth distributions","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 18,794-798(1992)","Alexeyev,A.P.","Determination of the depth profiles of ion-implanted impurities by electron probe x-ray microanalysis"
"ALGERS(2003)",2003,"4C1","Median positron implantation depth vs energy (3-18 keV),in polymers","Journal","Phys. Rev. B67,125404(1-7)(2003)","Algers,J.,Sperr,P.,Egger,W.,Kogel,G.,Maurer,F.H.J.","Median implantation depth and implantation profile of 3-18 keV positrons in amorphous polymers"
"ALGHAZI(1991)",1991,"4A1B","Electron beam dosimetric parameters","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 821-828(1991)","Alghazi,M.,Lingman,D.,Arjune,B.,Gilbert,L.D.,Thekkumthala,J.","Characteristic parameters of 6-21 MeV electron beams from a 21 MeV linear accelerator"
"AL-GHORABIE(1999)",1999,"4C4","XRF, EGS4 Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 55,  363-474(1999)","Al-Ghorabie Fayez,H.H.","EGS4 Monte Carlo simulation of a 90 geometry polarized x-ray fluorescence system"
"ALI(2005)",2006,"1B","BEB calculation of electron impact ioniz cross sects of Cl,Cl2","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  969-972(2006)","Ali,M.A.,Kim,Y-K.","Total ionization cross sections of Cl and Cl2 by electron impact"
"ALKEMADE(1993)",1993,"4D1","XPS,AES spectra,Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  70-1A,24-28(1993)","Alkemade,P.F.A.,Werner,K.,Radelaar,S.,Sloof,W.G.","A fast method for the simulation of XPS and AES spectra"
"ALKEMADE(1995)",1995,"4D1","XPS,AES spectra, Monte Carlo model","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  451-460(1995)","Alkemade,P.F.A.","Fast simulation of XPS and AES spectra by transformations of electron trajectories"
"ALKEMADE(1997)",1997,"4D1","XPS,AES spectra, calculation","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  275-284(1997)","Alkemade,P.F.A.","Trajectory weighting: a fast Monte Carlo method for calculating large numbers of XPS/AES spectra"
"ALLAN(1995)",1995,"4E8A","Various electron impact methods introduced. Topics of current interest","Journal","Pure & Appl. Chem. 67, 1-8(1995)","Allan,M.","What can electron impact spectroscopy offer to photochemistry?  Triplet stats, negative ions and intramolecular electron transfer"
"ALLAWADHI(1996)",1996,"4C4","X-ray fluoreswcence yields(L-),Coster-K transitions","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,233-238(1996)","Allawahdi,K.L.,Sood,B.S.,Mittal,R.,Singh,N.,Sharma,J.K.","Investigation of the effect of Coster-Kronig transitions and incident photon energy on average L shell fluorescence yields"
"ALLEN(1988)",1988,"4D3","Secondary emission,simple Monte Carlo model prediction","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 6,2057-2060(1988)","Allen,T.E.,Kunz,R.R.,Mayer,T.M.","Monte Carlo calculation of low-energy electron emission from surfaces"
"ALLEN(2004)",2006,"4C3","Channeling effect for Al, Mg,O; delocalization of ionization interaction","Journal","Ultramicros 55,259-287(1994)","L.J.Allen,T.W.Josefsson,C.J.Rossouw","Interaction delocalization in characteristic X-ray emission from light elements"
"ALLMANN(2006A)",2006,"4C3","EPMA, Z=14 thru 22, x-ray emission spectra, L lines,relative intensities","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,  83–86 (2006)","Andrea Altmann, Jan Dellith, Michael Wendt","Electron excited L x-ray spectra of the elements 14<=Z<=22"
"ALLMANN(2006B)",2006,"4C3","EPMA, Z=23 thru 33,x-ray emission spectra, L lines, relative intensities","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,  87–89 (2006)","Andrea Altmann, Jan Dellith, Michael Wendt","Electron excited L x-ray spectra of the elements 23<=Z<=33"
"ALMANSA(2005)",2005,"2H","Dosimetric props,photon point sources in water,PENELOPE,GEANT4","Journal","arXiv:physics 1, 0612045 (Dec 2006)","Julio F. Almansa,Rafael Guerrero,Feras M.O. Al-Dweri,M. Anguiano,A.M. Lallena","Dose distribution in water for monoenergetic photon point sources in the energy range of interest in brachytherapy: Monte Carlo simulations with PENELOPE and GEANT4"
"ALMOND(1994)",1994,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber calib","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,1251-1260(1994)","Almond,P.R.,Attix,F.H.,Humphries,L.J.,Kubo,H.,Nath,R.,Goetsch,S.,Rogers,D.W.O.","The calibration and use of plane-parallel ionization chambers for dosimetry of electron beams: an extension of the 1983 AAPM protocol report of AAPM radiation therapy committee task group NO-39."
"ALMOND(1995)",1995,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber calib","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1307-1314(1995)","Almond,P.R.,Xu,Z.G.,Park,H.C.","The calibration and use of plane-parallel ionization chambers for dosimetry of electron beams"
"ALMOND(1999)",1999,"4A1A","TG-51 dosimetry protocol,photon and electron beams","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,1847-1870(1999)","Almond,P.R.,Biggs,P.J.,Coursey,B.M.,Hanson,W.F.,Huq,M.S.,Nath,R.,Rogers,D.W.O.","AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams"
"ALOUANI-BIBI(1998)",1998,"4B11","Dielectric charging, electric field distribution","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 45,  617-622(1998)","Alouani Bibi,F.,Lazurik,V.T.,Rogov,Yu.V.","Electric field in thin dielectric slabs irradiated by electrons"
"ALOUANI-BIBI(1999)",1999,"3D","Charge deposition distribution,analytic expression","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 46,  280-283(1999)","Alouani-Bibi,F.,Lazurik,V.T.,Rogov,Y.V.,Tabata,T.","An expression for the charge-deposition distribution near the surface of a semi-infinite medium irradiated by electrons"
"ALOUANI-BIBI(2000)",2000,"3D","Charge deposition distributions in thin slabs","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 59,  239-248(2000)","Alouani-Bibi,F.,Lazurik,V.T.,Rogov,Y.V.,Tabata,T.","Approximation of charge-deposition density in thin slabs irradiated by electrons"
"ALOUANI-BIBI(2001)",2001,"3D","Charge deposition semiempirical model for 2-layer systems","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 60,  151-156(2000)","Alouani-Bibi,F.,Lazurik,V.T.,Rogov,Y.V.,Tabata,T.","Charge-deposition in two-layer systems irradiated by electrons"
"ALOV(2002)",2002,"4C3","TXRF spectral line intensity,influence of heterogeneous surface morph","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,235-238(2002)","Alov,N.V.,Oskolok,K.V.","Influence of heterogeneous surface morphology on analytical signal formation in total reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"ALTARELLI(1997)",1997,"4C4","Synchrotron radiation sources","Journal","Sol. St. Comm.102,199-205(1997)","Altarelli,M.","Physics with the new synchrotron radiation sources"
"ALTSCHULER(1992)",1992,"2F","Dose calculations (3-D)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,  391-411(1992)","Altschuler,M.D.,Bloch,P.,Buhle,E.L.,Ayyalasomayajula,S.","3D dose calculations for electron and photon beams"
"AMAKO(2005)",2005,"2H","Geant4 electromagnetic physics models compared with NIST ref data","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci.52,910-918(2005)","Amako,K.,Guatelli,S.,Icanchenko,V.N.,Maire,M.,Mascialino,B.,Murakami,KI.,Nieminen,P.,Pandola,L.,Parlati,S.,Pia,M.G.,Piergentili,M.,Sasakik,T.,Urban,L.","Comparison of Geant4 electromagnetic physics models against the NIST reference data"
"AMELIO(1970)",1970,"4D3","Sec. electron emission,energy distrib","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech.     7,  593-604(1970)","Amelio,G.F.","Theory for the energy distribution of secondary electrons"
"AMIN(2001)",2001,"4A1A","3-D treatment system based on pencil beam model compared w/data","Journal","J. Egyptian Nat. Cancer INst. 13,57-62(2001)","Amin,A.E.,Meir,H.M.","Verification of photon beam data calculated by a treatment planning system based on pencil beam model"
"AMINOV(1996)",1996,"4D1","XPS determination of depth profiles","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 24,    23-27(1996)","Aminov,K.L.,Jorgensen,J.S.,Pedersen,J.B.","Enhanced resolution of depth profiles using 2-dimensional XPS data"
"AMMANN(1994)",1994,"4C3","Microprobe analysis program","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 22,    54-59(1994)","Ammann,N.,Karduck,P.","Quantitative depth profile analysis by EPMA combined with Monte Carlo simulation"
"AMOLS(1985)",1985,"4E4","Microdosimetric spectra,electrons,photons","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  13,365-368(1985)","Amois,H.I.,Kliauga,P.","Microdosimetry of 10-18 MeV electrons and photons using walled and wall-less detectors"
"AMUNDSON(2003)",2003,"4A6","Gene expression studies of ionizing radiation exposure","Journal","Health Phys. 85,  36-42(2003)","Amundson,S.A.,Fornace,A.J.,Jr.","Monitoring human radiation exposure by gene expression profiling: possibilities and pitfalls"
"AN(1996)",1996,"1B","K-ioniz cross sections,Cu,Co","Journal","Phys. Rev. A54,3067-3069(1996)","An,Z.,Li,T.H.,Wang,L.M.,Xia,X.Y.,Luo,Z.M.","Correction of substrate effect in the measurement of 8-25 keV electron-impact K-shell ionization cross-sections of Cu and Co elements"
"AN(2001)",2001,"1B","K-shell ioniz cross sections measured,compared w various theor values","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B179,334-342(2001)","An,Z.,Luo,Z.M.,Tang,C.","Study of cross-sections for the K-shell ionization of atoms by electron and positron impact"
"AN(2002)",2002,"4B10","Efficiency calibration,Si(Li) detector down to 580 eV,Am241 used","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B194,513-519(2002)","An,Z.,Liu,M.T.","On the efficiency calibration of Si(Li) detector in the low-energy region using thick-target bremsstrahlung"
"AN(2003)",2003,"1B","K-shell ionization cross-sections of TI,Cr;expt,compared with theories","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B207,268-274(2003)","An,Z.,Liu,M.T.,Fu,Y.C.,Luo,Z.M.,Tang,C.H.,Li,C.M.,Zhang,B.H.,Tang,Y.J.","Some recent progress on the measurement of K-shell ionization cross-sections of atoms by electron impact: Application to Ti and Cr elements"
"ANDERSEN(2005)",2005,"2H","FLUKA code applied to dosimetry, radiation therapy","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.116,113-117(2005)","V. Andersen, F. Ballarini, G. Battistoni, F. Cerutti, A. Empl, A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, M.V. Garzelli, A. Ottolenghi, H. Paretzke, L.S. Pinsky, J. Ranft, P. Sala, T. Wilson, M. Zankl","The application of FLUKA to dosimetry and radiation therapy"
"ANDERSON(1973)",1973,"4C3","EPMA,fluoresc correction (book)","Book","Wiley,1973 (QD98 A48)","Anderson,C.A.,editor","Microprobe Analysis (book/excerpt on fluorescence correction)"
"ANDERSON(1997A)",1997,"4C3","Secondary fluoresc correction formulae derived for typical geometries","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   68,  77-94(1997)","Anderson,I.M.,Bentley,J.,Carter,C.B.","Secondary fluorescence correction formulae for X-ray microanalysis - I. Parallel-sided thin foil, wedge, and bulk specimens"
"ANDERSON(1997B)",1997,"4C3","Fluorescence of self-supporting discs qualitatively different from I.","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   68,  95-107(1997)","Anderson,I.M.,Bentley,J.,Carter,C.B.","Secondary fluorescence correction formulae for X-ray microanalysis - II. Self-supporting discs"
"ANDERSON(2000)",2000,"4A5C","Powerful imaging modality.PET bridges gap between laboratory & clinic.","Journal","Eur. J. Cancer 36, 2028-2035(2000)","H. Anderson, P. Price","What does positron emission tomography offer oncology? (review)"
"ANDERSSON(2002)",2002,"2C","pencil beams,3-D transport solution,exact radial moments","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 142,150-157(2002)","Andersson,F.,Smith,H.,Anderson,D.,Lisak,M.,Helander,P.","Effects of backscattering on one-dimensional electron beam transport"
"ANDRAE(1996A)",1996,"3B","Electron transmission,oblique incid","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,217-224(1996)","Andrae,M.,Klein,P.,Rohrbacher,K.,Wernisch,J.","Electron transmission coefficient for oblique angle of incidence"
"ANDRAE(1996B)",1996,"3E","Depth distrib model (oblique incidence)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,225-232(1996)","Andrae,M.,Rohrbacher,K.,Klein,P.,Wernisch,J.","Depth distribution function for oblique angle of incidence"
"ANDRAE(1996C)",1996,"3A","Electron backscatt, enrgy-ang distribs","Journal","Scanning 18,401-406(1996)","Andrae,M.,Rohrbacher,K.,Klein,P.,Wernisch,J.","Angular-dependent energy distributions for backscattered electrons: calculation of the surface ionization"
"ANDRAE(1997)",1997,"4C3","Microprobe analysis, depth profiles","Journal","Scanning 19,477-482(1997)","Andrae,M.,Rohrbacher,K.,Klein,P.,Udvary,L.,Wernisch,J.","Calculation of concentration depth profiles in electron probe analysis"
"ANDREO(1981)",1981,"3C","MC analysis of variation of mean energy with depth and lateral position","Journal","Med. Phys.  8, 682-687(1981)","Andreo,P.,Brahme,A.","Mean energy in electron beams"
"ANDREO(1984)",1984,"2A","Monte Carlo,straggling,mult scatt","Journal","Radiat. Res. 100, 16-29(1984)","Andreo,P.,Brahme,A.","Restricted energy loss straggling and multiple scattering of electrons in mixed Monte Carlo procedures"
"ANDREO(1985)",1985,"1A","Stopping power ratio for photon beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 30,1055-1065(1985)","Andreo,P.,Nahum,A.E.","Stopping power ratio for a photon spectrum as a weighted sum of the values for monoenergetic photon beams"
"ANDREO(1986A)",1986,"1A","Stopping power data,high energy photons","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 31,  839-858(1986)","Andreo,P.,Brahme,A.","Stopping power data for high-energy photon beams"
"ANDREO(1986B)",1986,"4B09","Ioniz chambers,wall correction factors","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 31,1189-1199(1986)","Andreo,P.,Nahum,A.,Brahme,A.","Chamber-dependent wall correction factors in dosimetry"
"ANDREO(1989A)",1989,"1C","Stopping power ratios,clinical beam dose","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,1847-1861(1989)","Andreo,P.,Fransson,A.","Stopping power ratios and their uncertainties for clinical electron beam dosimetry"
"ANDREO(1989B)",1989,"1C","Stopping power ratios,energy,angle spread","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,  751-768(1989)","Andreo,P.,Brahme,A.,Nahum,A.,Mattsson,O.","Influence of energy and angular spread on stopping power ratios for electron beams"
"ANDREO(1990A)",1990,"4A1","Dosimetric data,beam calibration","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 19,1233-1247(1990)","Andreo,P.","Uncertainties in dosimetric data and beam calibration"
"ANDREO(1990B)",1990,"3C","Depth-dose,stopping power data,e-beams","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  51,107-121(1990)","Andreo,P.","Depth dose and stopping-power data for monoenergetic electron beams"
"ANDREO(1991A)",1991,"4B09","Ion chambers","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 326-327(1991)","Andreo,P.,Lindborg,L.,Medin,J.","On the calibration of plane parallel ion chambers using Co-60 beams"
"ANDREO(1991B)",1991,"2B","Monte Carlo,medical physics (review)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,  861-920(1991)","Andreo,P.","Monte-Carlo techniques in medical radiation physics"
"ANDREO(1992)",1992,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber,calib,e-beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,1147-1165(1992)","Andreo,P.,Rodrigues,L.N.,Lindborg,L.Kraepelien,T.","On the calibration of plane parallel ionization chambers for electron beam dosimetry"
"ANDREO(1993)",1993,"1C","Multiple scatt, Moliere theory","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1315-1325(1993)","Andreo,P.,Medin,J.,Bielajew,A.F.","Constraints of the multiple-scattering theory of Moliere in Monte Carlo simulations of the transport of charged-particles"
"ANDREO(1998)",1998,"4A1C","Radiation therapy,M.C.applications","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  350-351(1998)","Andreo,P.","Monte Carlo applications in radiotherapy (abstract only) (review)"
"ANDREO(2000)",2000,"4A1","Change in protocol to different photon beam quality factor is unjustified","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45, L25-L38(2000)","Andreo,P.","A comparison between calculated and experimental K[sub Q] photon beam quality correction factors"
"ANKUDINOV(2006)",2006,"4C4","Oxidation states by XRF,quantitative basis for first time","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,312-318(2006)","Ankudinov,A.L.,Elam,W.T.,Sieber,J.R.,Rehr,J.J.","Chemical speciation via X-ray emission spectra"
"ANS643(1991)",1991,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,ANS standard","Standard","ANSI/ANS-6.4.3,1991","American Nuclear Society standard","American National Standard for gamma-ray attenuation coefficients and buildup factors for engineering materials"
"ANTOLAK(1985)",1985,"3A","Electron backscattering,M.C.","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 58,  526-534(1985)","Antolak,A.J.,Williamson,W.","Electron backscattering from bulk materials"
"ANTOLAK(1986)",1986,"3A","Electron backscattering,M.C..24.8 MeV,C,Al,Cu,Pb","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 60,2944-2948(1986)","Antolak,A.J.,Williamson,W.","Monte Carlo scattering calculations of 24.8-MeV electrons through C, Al, Cu, and Pb foils"
"ANTOLAK(1988)",1988,"3C","Dose distributions (display)","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 924-949(1988)","Antolak,J.,Mah,E.,Battista,J.J.,Scrimger,J.W.","Acquisition and display of radiation dose distributions using microcomputer technology"
"ANTOLAK(1991)",1991,"1B","Positron scattering in Si,Ge 0.2-500 eV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 69,3760-3762(1991)","Antolak,A.J.,Williamson,Jr.","Elastic scattering of low-energy positrons by bound silicon and germanium"
"ANTOLAK(1995)",1995,"4A2","Incorporating range straggling into a pencil beam model","Journal","Med. Phys. 22, 411-419(1995)","Antolak,J.A.,Mah,E.,Scrimger,J.W.","Optimization of pencil beam widths for electron-beam calculations"
"AOKI(1989)",1989,"4C2","X-ray target spectrum","Journal","Med. Phys. 16, 529-536(1989)","Aoki,K.,Koyama,M.","Measurement of diagnostic x-ray spectra using a silicon photodiode"
"AOKI(1990)",1990,"4B10","Detector,Si,diagnostic x-rays,M.C.study","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 35,1051-1063(1990)","Aoki,K.,Koyama,M.","Photoelectron escape from a silicon x-ray detector: Monte Carlo study"
"AOUINE(1996)",1996,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,233-249(1996)","Aouine,M.,Esnouf,C.,Epicier,T.","Simulation of EDS spectra using X-RES software"
"ARAKI(2002)",2002,"4A1","Dosimetry protocols, electron and photon","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,  857-868(2002)","Araki,F.,Kubo,H.D.","Comparison of high-energy photon and electron dosimetry for various dosimetry protocols"
"ARANO(2002)",2002,"4A6","99mTc radiopharmaceuticals play an important role in nuclear medicine.","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 16, 79–93 (2002)","Yasushi Arano","Recent advances in 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals (review)"
"ARCHAMBEAU(1974)",1974,"4B06","Proton radiation therapy review","Journal","Radiology 110,445-457(1974)","Archambeau,J.O.,Bennett,G.W.,Levine,G.S.,Cowen,R.,Akanuma,A.","Proton radiation therapy (early review)"
"ARCHARD(1961)",1961,"3A","Backscatter,simple model","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 32,1505-1509(1961)","Archard,G.P.","Back scattering of electrons"
"ARCHARD(1963)",1963,"4C3","EPMA review, part 2","Journal","Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 14,  626-634(1963)","Archard,G.D.,Mulvey,T.","The present state of quantitative x-ray microanalysis Part 2: Computational methods (review)"
"ARCHER(1988A)",1988,"4C2","Diagnostic x-ray spectra,determination of (by attenuation analysis)","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 637-641(1988)","Archer,B.R.,Wagner,L.K.","Determination of diagnostic x-ray spectra with characteristic radiation using attenuation analysis"
"ARCHER(1988B)",1988,"4C2","X-ray spectrum reconstruction","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 832-837(1988)","Archer,B.R.,Fewell,T.R.,Wagner,L.K.","Laplace reconstruction of experimental diagnostic x-ray spectra"
"ARCHER(1994)",1994,"4B01","Shielding (x-ray)","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,1499-1507(1994)","Archer,B.R.,Fewell,T.R.,Conway,B.J.,Quinn,P.W.","Attenuation properties of diagnostic x-ray shielding materials"
"ARKHIPOV(1993)",1993,"4B11","Theory of RIC,space-charge buildup. Sol'n of nonlinear PDEs","Journal","J. Phys. D 26,1298-1300(1993)","Archipov,V.I.,Rudenko,A.I.,Sessler,G.M.","Radiation-induced conductivity and charge storage in irradiated dielectrics"
"ARMBRUSTER(2004)",2004,"4A1A","Reconstruction to measure spectrum of a photon beam","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,5087-5099(2004)","Armbruster,B.,Hamilton,R.J.,Kuehl,A.K.","Spectrum reconstruction from dose measurements as a linear inverse problem"
"ARMIGLIATO(1982)",1982,"4C3","EPMA,Monte Carlo,x-ray fluorescence correction","Journal","J. Phys. D 15, L121-L124(1982)","Armigliato,A.,Desalvo,A.,Rosa,R.","A Monte Carlo code including an x-ray characteristic fluorescence correction for electron probe microanalysis of a thin film on a substrate"
"ARMIGLIATO(1990)",1990,"4C3","EPMA,composition and thickness of thin films,MC simulation,TiSi","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   32,127-136(1990)","A. Armigliato,R. Rosa","Simultaneous determination of composition and thickness of thin films by x-ray microanalysis at 300 kV and Monte Carlo simulation"
"ARMIGLIATO(1999)",1999,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis w/electron microscope (review)","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  413-418(1999)","Armigliato,A.","Thin film X-ray microanalysis with the analytical electron microscope"
"ARMIGLIATO(2000)",2000,"4C3","Novel approach to quantitative EPMA of thinned samples","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 213-218(2000)","Aldo Armigliato, Roberto Balboni, Stefano Frabboni, Rodolfo Rosa","A novel Monte-Carlo based method for quantitative thin film x-ray microanalysis"
"ARMIGLIATO(2006)",2006,"4C3","Si-Ge thin films analyzed,x-ray microanalysis","Journal","Micros & Microanalysis 12,318-321 (2006)","Armigliato A, Balboni R, Rosa R","Quantitative thin-film X-ray microanalysis by STEM/HAADF: Statistical analysis for precision and accuracy determination"
"ARMSTRONG(1985)",1985,"4C3","EPMA,characteristic fluorescence correction","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 14,172-182(1985)","Armstrong,J.T.,Buseck,P.R.","A general characteristic fluorescence correction for the quantitative electron microbeam analysis of thick specimens, thin films and particles"
"ARMSTRONG(1994)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,quantit,corrections,M.C.-based","Journal","Scanning 16,Suppl 4,1-$(1994)(Proceedings of Scanning 94)","Armstrong,J.T.","Accurate quantitative electron microbeam analysis using corrections based on Monte Carlo algorithms"
"ARMSTRONG(1995)",1995,"4C3","Microprobe analysis software package (shareware)","Journal","Microbeam Analysis 4,177-200(1995)","Armstrong,J.T.","CITZAF: a package of correction programs for the quantitative electron microbeam x-ray analysis of thick polished materials, thin-films, and particles"
"ARMSTRONG(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,Castaing's Z and A corrections","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   5, 560-561(1999)","Armstrong,J.T.","Quantitative electron microprobe analysis: Fifty years of developments in the application of Castaing's ""Z"" and ""A"" corrections"
"ARNAL(1978)",1978,"1B","Electron scattering cross sects,general","Journal","Ultramicroscopy     2,305-310(1978)","Arnal,F.,Balladore,J.L.,Soum,G.,Verdier,P.","Calculation of cross sections of electron interaction with matter"
"ARNFIELD(2000)",2000,"4A1","Batho correction model,CCC,PEREGRINE compared. MC is best","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,1266-1274(2000)","Arnfield,M.R.,Siantar,C.H.,Siebers,J.,Garmon,P.,Cox,L.,Mohan,R.","The impact of electron transport on the accuracy of computed dose"
"ARNFIELD(2001)",2001,"4A3A","Validation of dose prediction by IMRT systems by comparison w/expt","Journal","Med. Dosimetry 26,179-188(2001)","Arnfield,M.R.,Wu,Q.,Tong,S.,Mohan,R.","Dosimetric validation for multileaf collimator-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a review."
"ARNOULD(2003)",2003,"4C3","EPMA,determine concentration profile due to interdiffusion in materials","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,345-362(2003)","Arnould,O.,Hild,F.","Specific effects and deconvolution in submicrometre EPMA: application to binary diffusion."
"ARQUEROS(2003)",2003,"4B02","Simple Monte Carlo algorithm, 1 MeV gamma-ray transport","Journal","Am. J. Phys. 71,  38-45(2003)","Arqueros,F.,Montesinos,G.D.","A simple algorithm for the transport of gamma rays in a medium"
"ARSENOVIC(2006C)",2006,"2B","MC program, photon transport, medical diagnostics photon energies","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 75,1727–1729 (2006)","Dusan Arsenovic Dragomir M. Davidovic, Jovan Vukanic","A simple Monte Carlo program for simulation of X-ray transport"
"ASHLEY(1976)",1976,"1B","Electron mfps,stopping powers in solids","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 23,1833-1837(1976)","Ashley,J.C.,Tung,C.J.,Ritchie,R.H.,Anderson,V.E.","Calculations of mean free paths and stopping powers of low energy electrons (less-than-or-equal-to 10 keV) in solids using a statistical model"
"ASHLEY(1979)",1979,"1B","Inelastic mfps & energy losses,Al metal","Journal","Surf. Sci.   81, 409-426(1979)","Ashley,J.C.,Tung,C.J.,Ritchie,R.H.","Electron inelastic mean free paths and energy losses in solids.  I. Aluminum metal"
"ASHLEY(1981)",1981,"1B","Electron interactions,SiO2","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  24,127-148(1981)","Ashley,J.C.,Anderson,V.E.","Interaction of low energy electrons with silicon dioxide"
"ASHLEY(1988)",1988,"1B","Inelastic mfp from optical data","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  46,199-214(1988)","Ashley,J.C.","Interaction of low energy electrons with condensed matter: stopping powers and inelastic mean free paths from optical data"
"ASHLEY(1990)",1990,"1B","Inelastic mfp,electrons & positrons","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  50,323-334(1990)","Ashley,J.C.","Energy loss rate and inelastic mean free path of low energy electrons and positrons in condensed matter"
"ASHLEY(1991)",1991,"1B","Inelastic mfp,optical model","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 69,  674-678(1991)","Ashley,J.C.","Energy loss probabilities for electrons, positrons, and protons in condensed matter"
"ASOKA-KUMAR(1990)",1990,"4C1","Implantation of 1-10 keV positrons,Al,Cu,Mo,Pd,Au,Makhov profile","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 57,1634-1636(1990)","Asoka-Kumar,P.,Lynn,K.G.","Implantation profile of low energy positrons in solids"
"ASOKA-KUMAR(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron annihil spectroscopy,Si-based","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,4935-4982(1994)","Asoka-Kumar,P.,Lynn,K.G.,Welch,D.O.","Characterization of defects in Si and SiO2-Si using positrons"
"ASOKA-KUMAR(2002)",2002,"4C1","Review of positron research at LLNL using high-energy beams","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 194,160-167(2002)","Asoka-Kumar,P.,Howell,R.,Nieh,T.G.,Sterne,P.A.,Wirth,B.D.,Dauskardt,R.H.,Flores,K.M.,Suh,D.,Odette,G.R.","Opportunities for materials characterization using high-energy positron beams"
"ASPRADAKIS(1997)",1997,"2F","3D photon dose calculations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,1475-1489(1997)","Aspradakis,M.M.,Redpath,A.T.","A technique for the fast calculation of 3-dimensional photon dose distributions using the superposition model"
"ASSA'D(1998)",1998,"3A","Low energy (.6-6 keV) electron backscattering,ultra-hi vacuum condits","Journal","Scanning Microsc 12,  185-192(1998)","Assa'd,A.M.D.,El Gomati,M.M.","Backscattering coefficients for low energy electrons"
"ASSAD(1999)",1999,"4B01","New approx formula for gamma-ray buildup factors in multilayer shields","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 132,203-216(1999).","Assad A.,Chiron M.,Nimal J.C.,Diop,C.M.,Ridoux,P.","A new approximating formula for calculating gamma-ray buildup factors in multilayer shields"
"ASSIAMAH(2003)",2003,"1A","Segmented polynomial fits of mass atten,energy abs coeffs","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 67,      1-6(2003)","Assiamah,M.,Mavunda,D.,Nam,T.L.,Keddy,R.J.","Segmented multifit of polynomial function for mass attenuation and energy-absorption coefficient values"
"ASSUMPCAO(1993)",1993,"4C5","EBIC,dislocations in GaAs,grain boundaries in SI","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   5,A403-A404(1993)","Assumpcao,R.","Quantitative SEM EBIC characterization of defects in semiconductors"
"ASTM-C1118(2000)",2000,"4C4","XRF,wavelength-dispersive system components","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 03.05, C1118-89 (Reapproved 2000)","ASTM Sub-committee E-42.03","Standard Guide for Selecting Components for Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Systems"
"ASTM-E1127(1997)",1997,"4D1","Auger electron spectroscopy, depth profiling","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 03.06 (II) Surface Analysis, E1127-91 (Reapproved 1997)","ASTM Sub-committee E-42.03","Standard Guide for Depth Profiling in Auger Electron Spectroscopy"
"ASTM-E1172(2003)",2003,"4C4","XRF,specifying a wavelength-dispersive x-ray spectrometer","Standard","ASTM 2003 Vol 03.05, E1172-87 (Reapproved 2003)","ASTM Sub-committee E01.20","Standard Guide for Describing and Specifying a Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer"
"ASTM-E1249(1988)",1988,"4B07","Treats dose enhancement,recommends Pb/Al filter box","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 12.02 Nuclear (II),Solar and Geothermal Energy, E1249-88","ASTM Sub-committee E-10.07","Standard for Minimizing Dosimetry Errors in Radiation Hardness Testing of Silicon Electronic Devices Using Co-60 Sources"
"ASTM-E1361(2003)",2003,"4C4","XRF,correction of interelement effects","Standard","ASTM 2003 Vol 03.05 , E1361 (new edition)","ASTM Sub-committee E-01.20","Standard guide for correction of interelement effects in x-ray spectrometric analysis"
"ASTM-E1508(1998)",1994,"4C3","EPMA","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol , E1508-98 (Reapproved 1998)","ASTM Sub-committee E04.11","Standard Guide for Quantitative Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy"
"ASTM-E2232(2002)",2002,"2A","Guide to mathematical methods for calculating absorbed dose","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 12.02 Nuclear (II),Solar and Geothermal Energy, E2232-02","ASTM Sub-committee E-10.01","Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Mathematical Methods for Calculating Absorbed Dose in Radiation Processing Applications"
"ASTM-E673(2001)",2001,"4D1","AES, XPS terminology","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 03.06 (II) Surface Analysis, E8673-01","ASTM Sub-committee E-42.03","Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Analysis"
"ASTM-E827(2002)",2002,"4D1","AES, identifying peaks","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 03.06 (II) Surface Analysis, E827-02","ASTM Sub-committee E-42.03","Standard Practice for Identifying Elements by the Peaks in Auger Electron Spectroscopy"
"ASTM-E983(1994)",1994,"4D1","AES, many possible electron beam effects","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 03.06 (II) Surface Analysis, E983-94 (Reapproved 1999)","ASTM Sub-committee E-42.03","Standard Guide for Minimizing Unwanted Electron Beam Effects in Auger Electron Spectroscopy"
"ASTM-E984(1995)",1995,"4D1","AES, chemical & matrix effects","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 03.06 (II) Surface Analysis, E984-95 (Reapproved 2001)","ASTM Sub-committee E-42.03","Standard Guide for Identifying Chemical Effects and Matrix Effects in Auger Electron Spectroscopy"
"ASTM-E999(1994)",1994,"4D1","AES, XPS - obtained under a variety of conditions","Standard","ASTM 2002 Vol 03.06 (II) Surface Analysis, E996-94 (Reapproved 1999)","ASTM Sub-committee E-42.03","Standard Practice for Reporting Data in Auger Electron Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy"
"ATANASSOV(2003)",2003,"4E8C","Elastic electron backscatt,MC model compared w expt to find IMFP","Journal","Math. & Computers in Simul 62,297-305(2003)","Atanassov,E.,Dimov,I.,Dubus,A.","A new weighted Monte Carlo algorithm for elastic electron backscattering from surfaces"
"ATHERTON(1975A)",1975,"4A1","Electron depth absorbed dose distrib","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 20,  658-661(1975)","Atherton,L.,Coleman,F.J.","Depth absorbed dose distribution for electrons (correspondence1)"
"ATHERTON(1975B)",1975,"4A1","Electron depth absorbed dose distr","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 21,  453-454(1975)","Atherton,L.","Depth absorbed dose distribution for electrons (correspondence2)"
"ATRI(2006)",2006,"4A5C","Molecular imaging combines anatomic,physiologic,metabolic info","Journal","Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, 3299-3308 (2006)","Mostafa Atri","New technologies and directed agents for applications of cancer imaging (review)"
"ATTARD(1997)",1997,"4D4","Insulator charging studied by Monte Carlo,time evolution studied","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. B199,455-465(1997)","Attard,C.,Ganachaud,J.P.","Study of the space-charge induced by an electron-beam in an insulating target. 2. Presentation of the results"
"ATTIX(1991)",1991,"3C","E-beam,energy deposition in aluminum,MC and analytical calc","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 953-964(1991)","Attix,F.H.","Comparison of Monte Carlo and analytical calculation of average dose deposited in aluminum foils by broad beams of electrons"
"AUERHAMMER(1989)",1989,"1B","L and M cross sections for EELS,theoretical & experimental","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   30,365-370(1989)","Auerhamer,J.,Rez,P.,Hofer,F.","A comparison of theoretical and experimental L and M cross sections"
"AUGUST(1987)",1987,"4C3","Electron probe microanaly,thin films","Journal","Scanning   9,145-155(1987)","August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","A method for determining the mass thickness of thin films using electron probe microanalysis"
"AUGUST(1988)",1988,"4C3","EPMA applic,backscattering factor R","Journal","Scanning 10,107-113(1988)","August,H.J.,Razka,R.,Wernisch,J.","Calculation and comparison of the backscattering factor R for characteristic x-ray emission"
"AUGUST(1990A)",1990,"3E","Ionization,surface","Journal","Scanning 12,  14-22(1990)","August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","Calculation and comparison of the surface ionization - phi(0))))))"
"AUGUST(1990B)",1990,"3B","Electron transmission,energy distr","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   32,113-120(1990)","August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","Energy distribution of electrons transmitted through thin foils"
"AUGUST(1990C)",1990,"4C3","Microprobe analysis","Journal","Zeits. f. Metallkunde 81,923-930(1990)","August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","Methods for optimizing the detection of thin films in energy dispersive electron probe microanalysis"
"AUGUST(1991A)",1991,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung generation","Journal","Scanning 13,207-215(1991)","August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","Calculation of the depth distribution function for continuous radiation"
"AUGUST(1991B)",1991,"3E","Depth distribution model (K ioniz.)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 20,131-140(1991)","August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","Calculation of depth distribution functions for characteristic x-radiation using an electron scattering model. 1. Theory"
"AUGUST(1991C)",1991,"3E","Depth distribution model (K ioniz.)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 20,141-148(1991)","August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","Calculation of depth distribution functions for characteristic x-radiation using an electron scattering model.  2. Results"
"AUGUST(1992A)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,electron scattering model","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta S12,131-137(1992)","August,H.J.","An electron scattering model applied to the determination of film thicknesses using electron probe microanalysis"
"AUGUST(1992B)",1992,"4C3","Ioniz depth distribs, electr scatt model","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta S12,139-146(1992)","August,H.J.","Calculation of depth distribution functions for characteristic and for continuous radiation"
"AUKETT(2005)",2005,"4A1C","Addendum to the IPEMB code of practice for x-rays below 300 kV","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,2739-2748(2005)","Aukett,R.J.,Burns,J.E.,Greener,A.G.,Harrison,R.M.,Moretti,C.,Nahum,A.E.,Rosser,K.E. (IPEM Working Party)","Addendum to the IPEMB code of practice for the determination of absorbed dose for x-rays below 300 kV generating potential (0.035 mm Al–4 mm Cu HVL)"
"AVDONINA(1995)",1995,"1B","Bremsstrahlung,energy losses,spectra","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46, 445-446(1995)","Avdonina,N.B.,Lamoreux,M.,Pratt,R.H.","Energy losses and spectra for electron bremsstrahlung in a screened atomic potential"
"AVDONINA(1999)",1999,"1B","Bremsstrahl spectra,analyt expressions","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32,4261-4276(1999)","Avdonina,N.B.,Pratt,R.H.","Bremsstrahlung spectra from atoms and ions at low relativistic energies"
"AWANE(2003)",2003,"4C3","GE-EPMA applied to .2 micrometer inclusions on stainless steel","Journal","Anal. Chem. 75, 3831-3836(2003)","Awane,T.,Timura,T.,Nishida,N.,Ishikawa,N.,Tanuma,S.,Nakamura,M.","Grazing exit electron probe microanalysis of submicrometer inclusions in metallic materials"
"AY(2004)",2004,"4C2","Use of MCNP4C to simulate x-ray spectra","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,4897-4917(2004)","Ay,M.R.,Shahriari,M.,Sarkar,S.,Adib,M.,Zaidi,H.","Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray spectra in diagnostic radiology and mammography using MCNP4C"
"AY(2005)",2005,"4C2","X-ray spectra,multi-model comparison:MC,empirical,semi-empirical","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,1660-1675(2005)","Ay,M.R.,Sarka,S.,Shahriari,M.,Sardar,D.,Zaidi,H..","Assessment of different computational models for generation of x-ray spectra in diagnostic radiology and mammography"
"AYDIN(2000)",2000,"4C1","Implantation profiles in Ag,Au studied by Monte Carlo","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 59,  277-280(2000)","Aydin,A.","Monte-Carlo calculations of positron implantation profiles in silver and gold"
"AYDIN(2001)",2001,"4C1","Positrons on gold,backscattering,implantation 1-75 keV","Journal","Nukleonika 46,  87-90(2001)","Aydin,A.","Monte Carlo calculations of positron implantation profiles and backscattering in gold"
"AYDIN(2002)",2002,"4C1","Positron transport, Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B197,  11-16(2002)","Aydin, A.","Monte Carlo simulation of kilovolt positron penetration and backscattering probabilities in solids"
"AYDIN(2005)",2005,"4C1","MC calcs,positron backscattering,transmission in Si,1-5 keV","Journal","Nukleonika 50,  37-42(2005)","Aydin,A.","Monte Carlo calculations of low energy positrons in silicon"
"AYDIN(2006)",2006,"4C1","Positron transport in nickel, Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B243,272-276(2006)","Aydin, A.","Monte Carlo simulations of positrons transmission and backscattering probabilities in nickel"
"BADIA(1999)",1999,"4C1","Radiation effects on polyethylene, positron annihilation spectroscopy","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 54,  151-158(1999)","Badia,A.,Duplatre,G.","Electron beam and gamma irradiation effects on high density polyethylene studied via positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy"
"BAEK(1995)",1995,"4E3","W values for helium particles in nitrogen, argon, 10 keV-10 MeV","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,1015-1029(1995)","Baek,W.Y.,Grosswendt,B..","W values for helium particles in nitrogen and argon in the energy range 10 keV to 10 MeV"
"BAER(2005)",2005,"4D1","XPS/AES,charge control and charge referencing techniques","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B23,  577-578(2005)","Baer,D.R.","Summary: Update to ASTM guide E 1523 to charge control and charge referencing techniques in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"BAI(2003)",2003,"4C5","E-beam charging,discharging of insulators,EBIC studies","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B21,2638-2644(2003)","Bai,M.,Pease,R.F.W.,Meisburger,D.","Electron beam induced conductivity in polymethylmethacrylate and SiO2 thin films"
"BAILEY(2002)",2002,"4C6","Model of NO abundance,effect of auroral electrons,etc.","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.107, A  7.1029,p1-12(2002)","Bailey,S.M.,Barth,C.A.,Solomon,S.C.","A model of nitric oxide in the lower thermosphere"
"BAILY(1980)",1980,"3A","Examines backscatter data for electrons and beta-rays","Journal","Med. Phys.  7, 514-519(1980)","Baily,N.A.","Electron backscattering"
"BAKALEINIKOV(1995A)",1995,"2B","Elastic, ionization cross section effects on Monte Carlo calcs","Journal","Scanning 17,243-249(1995)","Bakaleinikov,L.A.,Tretyakov,V.V.","The influence of elastic and ionization cross-section approximation on the result of Monte Carlo calculations"
"BAKALEINIKOV(1995B)",1995,"2B","Monte Carlo,energy straggling effects","Journal","Scanning 17,Suppl 5,12-13(1995)","Bakaleinikov,L.A.,et al.","Effects of the energy straggling in the inelastic collision on the result of Monte Carlo simulation"
"BAKER(1988)",1988,"4C1","Positron backscattering,.5-30 keV","Journal","J. Phys. C  21,L875-L880(1988)","Baker,J.A.,Coleman,P.G.","Measurement of coefficients for the backscattering of 0.5-30 keV positrons from metallic surfaces"
"BAKER(1990)",1990,"4C1","Implantation profile measurements,5-10 keV positrons in Al","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218,   34-38(1990)","Baker,H.A.,Chilton,N.B.,Coleman,P.G.","Measurement of implantation profiles and median penetration depths for 5-10 keV positrons in aluminium"
"BAKER(1991A)",1991,"4C1","New observations,positron stopping in Al foils,10-50 keV","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 59,  164-166(1991)","Baker,J.A.,Chilton,N.B.,Coleman,P.G.","Stopping of 10-50 keV positrons in aluminum"
"BAKER(1991B)",1991,"4C1","Material dependence,positron implantation,expt, MC w/Penn formalism","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 59,2962-2964(1991)","Baker,J.A.,Chilton,N.B.,Jensen,K.O.,Walker,A.B.,Cloeman,P.G.","Material dependence of positron implantation depths"
"BAKER(1991C)",1991,"4C1","Positron implant (expt, Monte Carlo)","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   3,4109-4114(1991)","Baker,J.A.,Chilton,N.B.,Jensen,K.O.,Walker,A.B.,Coleman,P.G.","Median penetration depths and implantation profiles for low energy positrons in Al"
"BAKER(1995)",1995,"4B02","X-ray spectra, reconstruction,high E","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,  529-542(1995)","Baker,C.R.,Ama'ee,B.,Spyrou,N.M.","Reconstruction of megavoltage photon spectra by attenuation analysis"
"BAKRAJI(2006)",2006,"4C4","XRF analysis of archaeological pottery in Syria,multivariate statistics","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,190-194(2006)","Bakraji,E.H.","Application of multivariate statistical methods to classify archaeological pottery from Tel-Alramad site, Syria, based on x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"BALASHOV(1999)",1999,"4C4","E-beam energy deposition, M.C.","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B155,  25-35(1999)","Balashov,A.P.,Kostin,D.V.,Shipatov,E.T.","Penetration of fast electrons in layered targets"
"BALL(2001)",2001,"4C1","Lay article explaining how positrons image defects","Journal","Nature 412,764(23 Aug 2001)","Ball,P.","The positron probe"
"BALLARD(1987)",1987,"4B08","X-ray photoem,comparison of expt w 3 transport codes","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 34,1569-1574(1987)","Ballard,W.P.,Lorence,Jr.,L.J.,Snowden,D.P.,van Lint,V.A. J.,Beale,E.S.","A comparison of experiment, CEPXS/ONETRAN, TIGERP, and TIGER net electron emission coefficients for various bremsstrahlung spectra"
"BALLARINI(2000)",2000,"4E5","New modules for PARTRAC,electron inelast scatt in liquid water","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 39:179-188(2000)","Ballarini,F.,Biaggi,M.,Merzagora,M.,Ottolenghi,A.,Dingfelder,M.,Friedland,W.,Jacob,P.,Paretzke,H.G.","Stochastic aspects and uncertainties in the prechemical and chemical stages of electron tracks in liquid water: a quantitative analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations"
"BALLINGER(1992)",1992,"2B","Monte Carlo,single scat vs cond hist","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  72,  19-27(1992)","Ballinger,C.T.,Cullen,D.E.,Perkins,S.T.,Rathkopf,J.A.,Martin,W.R.,Wilderman,S.J.","Single-scatter Monte Carlo compared to condensed history results for low energy electrons"
"BALTAS(2001)",2001,"4B03","Beta and gamma dose at short radial distances investigated","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,1875-1882(2001)","Baltas,D.,Karaiskos,P.Papagiannis,P.,Sakelliou,L.,Loeffler,E.,Zamboglou,N.","Beta versus gamma dosimetry close to Ir-192 brachytherapy sources"
"BANCHET(2003)",2003,"4C3","Quantification of low Z elements in thin films,requires absorption corr","Journal","J. Phys. D 36,1599-1604(2003)","Bancher,V.,Michel,J.,Jallot,E.,Laurent-Maquin,D.,Balossier,G.","Light elements quantitative x-ray microanalysis of thin samples in STEM.  Absorption correction using EELS data"
"BARAK(2001)",2001,"4E4","SEU,protons,formulas for LET spectra,SEU cross sections","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 48,1937-1995(2001)","Barak,J.","Analytical microdosimetry model for proton-induced SEU in modern devices"
"BARDIES(1996)",1996,"4B03","Dosimetry,radionuclide (review)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1941-1955(1996)","Bardies,M.,Myers,M.J.","Computational methods in radionuclide dosimetry"
"BARENDSEN(1997)",1997,"4A6","Found components of damage that contribute to cell reproductive death","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 71, 649-655(1997)","Barendsen,G.W.","Parameters of linear-quadratic radiation dose-effect relationships: dependence on LET and mechanisms of reproductive cell death"
"BARKSHIRE(1991)",1991,"4D1","Auger depth profiles,quantification","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 17,213-218(1991)","Barkshire,I.R.,Prutton,M.,Skinner,D.K.","Correction of backscattering effects in the quantification of Auger depth profiles"
"BARKSHIRE(2000)",2000,"4C3","Capabilities, limitations - low E, hi spatial resolution x-ray microanalysis","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 113-128(2000)","Ian Barkshire, Peter Karduck, Werner P. Rehbach, Silvia Richter","High-spatial-resolution low-energy electron beam x-ray microanalysis"
"BARO(1994A)",1994,"1A","Photon cross sections","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 44,  531-552(1994)","Baro,J.,Roteta,N.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Salvat,F.","Analytical cross sections for Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport"
"BARO(1994B)",1994,"2B","Elastic scattering,simplified Monte Carlo","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  84,465-483(1994)","Baro,J.,Sampau,J.,Fernandez-Varea,Salvat,F.","Simplified Monte Carlo simulation of elastic electron scattering in limited media"
"BARO(1995)",1995,"2H","PENELOPE Monte Carlo code, description","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B100, 31-46(1995)","Baro,J.,Sempau,J.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Salvat,F.","PENELOPE: An algorithm for Monte-Carlo simulation of the penetration and energy-loss of electrons and positrons in matter"
"BAROODY(1950)",1950,"4D3","Sec. electron emission,theory","Journal","Phys. Rev.   78,  780-787(1950)","Baroody,E.M.","A theory of secondary electron emission from metals"
"BARRADAS(2003)",2003,"4E7","3 algorithms for ion beam analysis,advanced data analysis techniques","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  760-769(2003)","Barrada,N.P.","Advanced data analysis techniques for ion beam analysis"
"BARREA(1998)",1998,"4C4","Good example of standardless x-ray fluorescence analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,111-116(1998)","Barrea,R.A.,Mainardi,R.T.","Standardless XRF analysis of stainless-steel samples"
"BARREA(2001)",2001,"4C4","XRF,fundam param method,continuum x-ray spectrum","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,  93-98(2001)","Barrea,R.A.,Delgado Martinez,V.,Plivelic,T.S.","Multielemental x-ray fluorescence analysis by using a non-explicit description of the excitation beam"
"BARRIOS(2002)",2002,"4A6","Ab initio calculation of electronic structure of DNA(portion)","Journal","J. Phys. Chem. 106 B,7991-7994(2002)","Barrios,R.,Skurski,P.,Simons,J.","Mechanism for damage to DNA by low-energy electrons"
"BAR-SHALOM(2000)",2000,"4A5C","Review.PET.oncology,efficacy of Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)","Journal","Semin. Nucl. Med. 30,150-185(2000)","Bar-Shalom,r.,Valdivia,A.Y.","PET imaging in oncology"
"BARTHES-LABROUSSE(1995)",1995,"4D1","Auger electron effect (review)","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 6,253-262(1995)","Barthes-Labrousse,M.G.","The Auger effect"
"BARTHES-LABROUSSE(1998)",1998,"4D1","AES (review)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,    72-91(1998)","Barthes-Labrousse,M.G.","Report on the 11th IUVSTA workshop 'Auger Electron Spectroscopy: from physics to data'"
"BARTINE(1972A)",1972,"2C","ANISN adapted to electron transport,1 MeV transmitted through Al","Report","NASA TM X-2440,pp 816-820(Jan 1972)","Bartine,D.E.,Alsmiller,R.G.,Mynatt,F.R.,Engle,W.W.,Barish,J.","Low-energy electron transport with the method of discrete ordinates"
"BARTINE(1972B)",1972,"2C","Electron transport solved by discrete ordinates method","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  48,159-  (1972)","Bartine,D.E.,Barish,J.,Slsmiller,R.G.,Mynatt,F.R.,Engle,W.W.","Low-energy electron transport by method of discrete ordinates"
"BARYSCHPOLEC(2003)",2003,"4A4","Radiation process simulation,point-kernel approach","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 66,    73-76(2003)","Baryschpolec,L.M.,Wade,D.M.,Herring,C.M.,Saylor,M.C.","Application of mathematical modeling-based algorithms to ""off-carrier"" cobalt-60 irradiation processes"
"BARYSHEV(1986)",1986,"4C4","Synchr XRFanalysis (review)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A246,739-750(1986)","Baryshev,V.B.,Kulipanov,G.N.,Skrinsky,A.N.","Review of x-ray fluorescent analysis using synchrotron radiation"
"BASCHENKO(1980)",1980,"4D1","XPS,angular distribs,MC,effect of elastic,inelastic scattering","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  22,153-169(1980)","Baschenko,O.A.,Nefedov,V.I.","Relative intensities in X-ray photoelectron spectra. Part VII. The effect of elastic scattering in a solid on the angular distribution of photoelectrons escaping from samples covered with thin films of various thicknesses"
"BASCHENKO(1991)",1991,"4D1","ARXPS,effect of elastic scattering,MC analysis","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  57,  33-46(1991)","Baschenko,O.A.,Nesmeev,A.E.","The effect of elastic photoelectron scattering on depth-profiling by angular resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"BASS(1998A)",1998,"4D4","Insulator charging, low energy electrons","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 84,2740-2748(1998)","Bass,A.D.,Cloutier,P.,Sanche,L.","Measurements of charge accumulation induced by monochromatic low-energy electrons at the surface of insulating samples"
"BASS(1998B)",1998,"1B","Electron inelastic cross sections,1-20 eV, from HREEL data","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 37,243-257(1998)","Bass,A.D.,Sanche,L.","Absolute and effective cross-sections for low energy electron scattering processes within condensed matter"
"BASS(2003)",2003,"4D4","LEE-induced reactions on molecular solid films,15-100 deg K,reviewed","Journal","Low Temp. Phys. 29,202-214(2003)","Bass,A.D.,Sanche,L.","Reactions induced by low energy electrons in cryogenic films (review)"
"BASTIN(1984A)",1984,"4C3","EPMA,correction procedures","Journal","Scanning   6,  58-68(1984)","Bastin,G.F.,Heijligers,H.J.M.,Vanloo,F.J.J.","The performance of the modified phi(rho*z))) approach as compared to the Love and Scott, Ruste and standard ZAF correction procedures in quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"BASTIN(1984B)",1984,"4C3","EPMA,Gaussian curve correction","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 13,  91-97(1984)","Bastin,G.F.,Heijligers,H.J.M.,Vanloo,F.J.J.","Evaluation of the use of Gaussian phi(rho*z) curves in quantitative electron probe microanalysis: a new optimization"
"BASTIN(1986)",1986,"4C3","EPMA,matrix correction approach","Journal","Scanning   8,  45-67(1986)","Bastin,G.F.,Heijligers,H.J.M.,Vanloo,F.J.J.","A further improvement in the Gaussian phi(rho*z) approach for matrix correction in quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"BASTIN(1990)",1990,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative, low Z elements","Journal","Scanning 12,225-236(1990)","Bastin,G.F.,Heijligers,H.J.M.","Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of ultralight elements (boron-oxygen)"
"BASTIN(1992A)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative,very low Z elements","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta   12,   19-36(1992)","Bastin,G.F.,Heijligers,H.J.M.","Quantitative EPMA of the ultra-light elements boron through oxygen"
"BASTIN(1992B)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative,multilayer structures","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta   12,   93-97(1992)","Bastin,G.F.,Dijkstra,J.M.,Heijligers,H.J.M.,Klepper,D.","Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of multi-layer structures"
"BASTIN(1998)",1998,"4C3","Microprobe analysis program","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,    3-10(1998)","Bastin,G.F.,Dijkstra,J.M.,Heijligers,H.J.M.","PROZA96: an improved matrix correction program for electron probe microanalysis, based on a double Gaussian phi(rho*z))))) approach"
"BASTIN(2001A)",2001,"4C3","PROZA96 program,non-perpendicular incident beam","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,216-229(2001)","Bastin,G.F.,Dijkstra,J.M.,Heijligers,H.J.M.","An experimental approach to the determination of the surface ionization Phi(0) in electron probe microanalysis"
"BASTIN(2001B)",2001,"4C3","PROZA96 program,non-perpendicular incident beam","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,382-387(2001)","Bastin,G.F.,Oberndorff,P.J.T.L.,Dijkstra,J.M.,Heijligers,H.J.M.","Extension of PROZA96 to conditions of non-perpendicular incidence of the electron beam"
"BASTIN(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA for thin films,contrasts PHI(rho z) with ZAF approach","Book","EMAS 2002 -  5th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today"", Szczyrk, Poland,pp   23-49","Bastin,G.F.,Heijligers,H.J.M.","Thin film analysis with electron beam based instruments (tutorial)"
"BASTIN(2004A)",2004,"4C3","EPMA, introduction,electron and x-ray interactions","Book","EMAS 2004 -  6th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Bled, Slovenia, pp      5-18","Bastin,G.F.,Heijligers,H.J.M..","Quantitative electron probe microanalysis: Electron beam-specimen interactions (tutorial)"
"BASTIN(2004B)",2004,"4C3","EPMA of thin films (review), nice treatment of PHI(pho x) curves","Book","EMAS 2004 -  6th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Bled, Slovenia, pp     19-42","Bastin,G.F.","Electron probe microanalysis of thin films (tutorial)"
"BASU(1987)",1987,"4C6","transport model for auroral protons;comparison with expt","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.  92, 5920-5932(1987)","Basu,B.,Jasperse,J.R.,Robinson,R.M.,Vondrak,R.R.,Evans,D.S.","Linear transport theory of auroral proton precipitation: a comparison with observations"
"BASU(1990)",1990,"4C6","proton-H atom transport, numerical solution","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.  95,19069-19078(1990)","Basu,B.,Jasperse,J.R.,Grossbard,N.J.","A numerical solution the coupled proton-H atom transport equations for the proton aurora"
"BASU(1993)",1993,"4C6","transport theory; electron-proton-hydrogen aurora","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.  98,21517-21532(1993)","Basu,B.,Jasperse,J.R.,Strickland,D.J.,Daniell,R.E.,Jr.","Transport-theoretic model for the electron-proton-hydrogen atom aurora  1. Theory"
"BASU(2001)",2001,"4C6","proton auroras","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.106, A  1,    93-105(2001)","Basu,B.,Decker,D.T.,Jasperse,J.R.","Proton transport model: A review"
"BATISTA(1992)",1992,"4A3A","3D dose calcs, superposition method","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 15,159-178(1992)","Batista,J.J.,Sharpe,M.B.","True three-dimensional dose computations for megavoltage x-ray therapy: a role for the superposition principle"
"BATSON(1999)",1999,"4E8A","Hi spatial resolution STEM needed for .1 nm probe for EELS","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   78,  33-42(1999)","Batson,P.E.","Advanced spatially resolved EELS in the STEM"
"BAUER(1978)",1978,"4C2","No abstract available","Journal","Microsc Acta Suppl. 2,205-216(1978)","Bauer,R.,Rick,R.","A computer program for the analysis of low energy x-ray spectra"
"BAUER(1994)",1994,"4D3","Low energy electron microscopy","Journal","Rept. Prog. Phys. 57,  895-938(1994)","Bauer,E.","Low energy electron microscopy"
"BAUER(2001)",2001,"4B08","Future of photoelectron spectromicroscopy","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 114-116,  975-987(2001)","Bauer,E.","Photoelectron spectromicroscopy: present and future"
"BAVDAZ(1988)",1988,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence analysis","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A266,308-312(1988)","Bavdaz,M.,Knochel,A.,Ketelsen,P.,Petersen,W.,Gurker,N.,Salehi,M.H.,Dietrich,T.","Imaging multielement analysis with synchrotron radiation excited x-ray fluorescence radiation"
"BAVDAZ(1993)",1993,"4C3","X-ray microprobe","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,  65-70(1993)","Bavdaz,M.,Gurker,N.","Coded imaging x-ray microprobe"
"BAVERSTOCK(1998)",1998,"4E5","Radiation-induced genomic instability,event sizes,2 radiation qualities","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 74, 799-804(1998)","Baverstock,K.,Thorne,M.","An illustrative comparison of the event-size distributions for gamma-rays and alpha-particles in the whole mammalian cell nucleus"
"BEACH(1984)",1984,"4B03","Brachytherapy","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 25,  409-410 (1984)","Lawrence Beach","Review of ""Recent Advances in Brachytherapy Physics"", AAPM.Monograph No. 7, D. R. Shearer, Ed., New York, American Institute of Physics, 1981, 202 pp, $50.00"
"BEACH(1987)",1987,"4B07","Dosimetry, inhomogenity effects","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 140-144(1987)","Beach,J.L.,Mendiondo,M.S.,Mendiondo,O.A.","A comparison of air-cavity inhomogeneity effects for Co-60, 6-MV, and 10-MV x-ray beams"
"BEAMAN(1971A)",1971,"4C3","EPMA tutorial (Part 1) - nice references","Journal","Materials Research and Standards, pp.  8-11,63-68,70-71,73-75,77-78(November 1971)","Beaman,D.R.,Isasi,J.A.","Electron beam microanalysis - Part 1 (review) ""The Fundamentals and Applications"""
"BEAMAN(1971B)",1971,"4C3","EPMA tutorial (Part 2) - nice references","Journal","Materials Research and Standards, pp.12-31,51-56 (December 1971)","Beaman,D.R.,Isasi,J.A.","Electron beam microanalysis - Part 2 (review) ""Experimental Considerations and Qualitative Analysis"""
"BECK(2005)",2005,"4E7","PIXE, helium ions used","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,393-399(2005)","Beck,L.","Improvement in detection limits by using helium ions for particle-induced x-ray emission"
"BECK(2006)",2006,"4E4","Improved diel response model,secondary electron transport simulations","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 53,3701-3706 (2006)","P. Beck, M. Wind, S. Rollet, M. Latocha, F. Bock, H. Böck,Y. Uchihori","Microdosimetric GEANT4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations and measurements of heavy ion irradiation of silicon and tissue"
"BEERNINK(1983)",1983,"4B02","Dose penetration of 10-100 keV photon beams,slabs of tissue","Journal","Radiat. Res.  96,429-434(1983)","Beernink,K.P.,Nelson,R.F.,Chilton,A.B.","Considerations of coherent scattering and electron binding in incoherent scattering, in computation of dose deposition in tissue from low-energy photon beams."
"BEEZHOLD(2003)",2003,"4B09","x-ray photoemission,several electron/photon transport topics","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 50,  635-652(2003)","Beezhold,W.,Beutler,D.E.,Garth,J.C.,Griffin,P.J.","A review of the 40-year history of the NSREC's dosimetry and facilities session (1963-2003)"
"BEHRENS(2006)",2006,"4A1A","Photon build-up behind air cavities increases with E. Lower E is better.","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,5937-5950(2006)","Behrens,C.F.","Dose build-up behind air cavities for Co-60, 4, 6, 8 MV.  Measurements and Monte Carlo simulations"
"BEKKERS(1997)",1997,"4C4","X-ray spectrometry,fund parameter software package FPMulti","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,122-124(1997)","Bekkers,M.H.J.,vanSprang,H.A.","Multilayer and thin film analysis using FPMulti software"
"BELING(2002)",2002,"4C1","Review,positron annihilation spectroscopy,Hong Kong","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 194,224-233(2002)","Beling,C.D.","New defect spectroscopies"
"BELYAEV(2000)",2000,"4C1","Review,slow positron research,solids,positron annihilation method","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A448,  89-93(2000)","Belyaev,V.N.,Metelitsin,V.V.","Using of slow positrons in various investigations - state of the art and perspectives (review)"
"BENEDETTI(2006)",2006,"4C4","X-ray microfluorescence, micrometer-size beams, historical studies","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,101–104 (2006)","Dario Benedetti, Ivano Alessandri, Paolo Bergese, Elza Bontempi, Paolo Colombi, Donatella Garipoli, Roberta Pedrazzani, Paolo Zanola, Laura E. Depero","Laboratory microbeam analysis applied to cultural heritage studies"
"BENEDITO(2001)",2001,"2B","Algorithm,multiple elastic scattering,100eV-1 GeV,DCS table","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B174,  91-110(2001)","Benedito,E.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Salvat,F.","Mixed simulation of the multiple elastic scattering of electrons and positrons using partial-wave differential cross-sections"
"BENHAYOUNE(1993)",1993,"4D1","Auger analysis","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  600-602(1993)","Benhayoune,H.,Jbara,O.,Thomas,X.,Mouze,D.,Cazaux,J.","A new experimental procedure for the backscattering correction in Auger analysis"
"BENHAYOUNE(1996)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,insulators,phi(0) variation","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,229-232(1996)","Benhayoune,H.,Jbara,O.","Some experimental evidence for the phi(0) variation in EPMA of insulating materials"
"BENHAYOUNE(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,new correction procedure-Auger formalism","Journal","J. Phys. D 35,1526-1531(2002)","Benhayoune,H.","X-ray microanalysis of multi-elements coatings using Auger formalism: application to biomaterials"
"BENNET(2005)",2005,"4C4","XRF studies of trace elements in near-ground atmospheric aerosols","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,    1-6(2005)","Bennet,C.,Jonsson,P.,Lindgren,E.S.","Concentrations and sources of trace elements in particulate air pollution, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,studied by EDXRF"
"BENTABET(2007)",2004,"3A","Backscattering coefficients ,1-4 KeV,Al,Au,transport cross sect","Journal","Appl. Phys. A88,353-358(2007)","Bentabet,A.,Bouarissa,N.","Backscattering coefficients and mean penetration depths of 1-4 keV electron scattering in solids"
"BERENYI(2003)",2003,"4E8B","REELS,Ge,surface,bulk excitations,studied by expt,theory","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 129,299-302(2003)","Berenyi,Z.,Tokesi,K.,Toth,J.,Burgdorfer,J.","Electron energy loss spectra of Ge"
"BERGER(1959)",1959,"4B02","Radiological applications of gamma-ray transport theory","Journal","Radiat. Res.  10,552-570(1959)","Berger,M.J.,Spencer,L.V.","Some radiological applications of gamma-ray transport theory"
"BERGER(1963)",1963,"2B","Monte Carlo,electron (basic article),method of condensed histories","Journal","Methods in Computational Physics, vol. 1,edited by B. Adler, S. Fernbach and M. Rotenberg, Academic Press, New York,p.135-215 (1963)","Berger,M.J.","Monte Carlo calculation of the penetration and diffusion of fast charged particles"
"BERGER(1968)",1968,"4B03","Energy deposition in water by photons from point isotropic sources","Journal","J. Nucl. Med.   5,Suppl 1,17-25(1968)","Berger,M.J.","Energy deposition in water by photons from point isotropic sources"
"BERGER(1969)",1969,"4B10","Detector response,Si,Monte Carlo,expt","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth.   69,181-193(1969)","Berger,M.J.,Seltzer,S.M.,Chappell,S.E.,Humphreys,J.C.,Motz,J.W.","Response of silicon detectors to monoenergetic electrons with energies between 0.15 and 5.0 MeV"
"BERGER(1971)",1971,"4B03","Beta-ray dose distribution around point sources of electrons","Journal","J. Nucl. Med.   5,Suppl 5:5-23(1971)","Berger,M.J.","Distribution of absorbed dose around point sources of electrons and beta particles in water and other media"
"BERGER(1974A)",1974,"4C6","Electron transport in atmosphere,MC study,backscat,energy spectra","Journal","J. Atm. Solar-Terrestrial Physics 36,591-617(1974)","Berger,M.J.,Seltzer,S.M.,Maeda,K.","Some new results on electron transport in the atmosphere"
"BERGER(1974B)",1974,"4B03","Beta-ray dose in a radiaoactive cloud","Journal","Health Phys. 26,   1-12(1974)","Berger,M.J.","Beta-ray dose in tissue-equivalent material immersed in a radioactive cloud"
"BERGER(1987)",1987,"1A","XCOM, photon cross section prog","Report","NBS Center for Radiation Research Report (1987)","Berger,M.J.,Hubbell,J.H.","XCOM: photon cross-sections on a personal computer"
"BERGER(1988A)",1988,"2B","Monte Carlo,multiple scatt,straggling","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 2,21-56(1988)","Berger,M.J.,Wang,R.","Multiple-scattering angular deflections and energy-loss straggling"
"BERGER(1988B)",1988,"2B","ETRAN,experimental benchmarks","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 8,183-219(1988)","Berger,M.J.","ETRAN - Experimental benchmarks"
"BERGER(1991)",1991,"4C1","Positron scattering","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 905-916(1991)","Berger,M.J.","Differences in the multiple-scattering of positrons and electrons"
"BERGER(1998)",1998,"2B","M.C.,cond hist,applicable->low E,high Z?","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  191-203(1998)","Berger,M.J.","Applicability of the condensed random walk Monte Carlo method at low energies in high-Z materials"
"BERGER-D(1999)",1999,"3A","Electron backscattering,ang distr","Journal","Scanning 21,187-190(1999)","Berger,D.,Niedrig,H.","Complete angular distribution of electrons backscattered from tilted multicomponent specimens"
"BERGSTROM(1997)",1997,"1A","Compton scattering","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 50,      3-29(1997)","Bergstrom,P.M.,Pratt,R.H.","An overview of the theories used in Compton scattering calculations"
"BERMUDEZ(1999)",1999,"4C7","10-50 eV electrons on PMMA films,damage as function of temperature","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B17,2512-2518(1999)","Bermudez,V.M.","Low-energy electron-beam effects on poly(methyl methacrylate) resist films"
"BERNER(1994)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,depth concentration profiles","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115, 195-203(1994)","Berner,A.,Proaktor,G.","Quantitative EPMA of element depth distribution"
"BERNHARDT(2002)",2002,"4E5","Biophysical code PARTRAC used,MC,energy deposition in DNA","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,203-205(2002)","P.Bernhardt,W.Friedland,R.Meckbach, P.Jacob,H.G.Paretzke","Monte Carlo simulation of DNA damage by low LET radiation using inhomogeneous higher order DNA targets"
"BERNHARDT(2004)",2003,"4E5","Relaxation of atoms in DNA - effects on DNA damage by photons","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 43:  77-84(2004)","Bernhardt,P.,Freidland,W.,Paretzke,H.G.","The role of atomic inner shell relaxations for photon-induced DNA damage"
"BERTSCH(2001)",2001,"4C4","Review,synchrotron based XRF,XAFS.XANES","Journal","Chem. Rev. 101,1809-1842(2001)","Bertsch,P.M.,Hunter,D.B.","Applications of synchrotron-based x-ray microprobes"
"BETHE(1953)",1953,"1C","Multiple scatt, Moliere theory","Journal","Phys. Rev.   89,1256-$(1953)","Bethe,H.A.","Moliere's theory of multiple scattering"
"BEULICH(1999)",1999,"1A","Seven-parameter equation obtained for K,L energies vs Z","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,135-140(1999)","Beulich,G.,Zschornack,G.","Approximation equations for K- and L-series X-ray transition energies"
"BEUTLER(1987)",1987,"4B07","Dose enhancement (x-ray)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 34,1544-1550(1987)","Beutler,D.E.Fleetwood,D.M.,Beezhold,W.,Knott,D.,Lorence,L.J.,Draper,B.L.","Variations in semiconductor-device response in a medium-energy x-ray dose-enhancing environment"
"BEUTLER(1989)",1989,"4B10","Detectors,Ge, x-ray spectra, ITS calcs","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 36,1912-1919(1989)","Beutler,D.E.,Halbleib,J.A.,Knott,D.P.","Comparison of experimental pulse-height distributions in germanium detectors with Integrated-TIGER-Series code predictions"
"BEUTLER(1991)",1991,"4B09","Dosimetry,LINAC;CEPXS/ONELD calcs","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 38,1171-1179(1991)","Beutler,D.E.,Lorence,L.J.,Brown,D.B.","Dosimetry in LINAC electron-beam environments"
"BEUTLER(1994)",1994,"4B05","Bremsstrahl expts,dose vs energy,angle","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 41,1409-1417(1994)","Beutler,D.E.,Halbleib,J.A.,Sanford,T.W.L.,Knott,D.P.","Experimental verification of bremsstrahlung production and dosimetry predictions as a function of  energy and angle"
"BEYER(2000)",2000,"4A5C","Combined PET/CT tomograph acquires aligned functional & anatomical images","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 41,1369-1379 (2000)","Thomas Beyer, David W. Townsend, Tony Brun, Paul E. Kinahan,Martin Charron, Raymond Roddy, Jeff Jerin,John Young, Larry Byars,Ronald Nutt","A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology"
"BHAT(1998)",1998,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra, calculation","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  114-120(1998)","Bhat,M.,Pattison,J.,Bibbo,G.,Caon,M.","Diagnostic x-ray spectra: A comparison of spectra generated by different computational methods with a measured spectrum"
"BICHSEL(1988)",1988,"1C","Electron straggling in silicon detectors","Journal","Rev. Mod. Phys. 60,663-699(1988)","Bichsel,H.","Straggling in thin silicon detectors"
"BICHSEL(1990)",1990,"1B","Electrons, energy loss,<10keV","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 4,147-156(1990)","Bichsel,H.","Energy loss of electrons below 10 keV"
"BICHSEL(1995)",1995,"4E6","Bragg curve shapes for photon beams affected by different detectors","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1721-1726(1995)","Bichsel,H.","Calculated Bragg curves for ionization chambers of different shapes"
"BIDEUX(1998)",1998,"4E8C","EPES expts on InP,InAsP. Calc of IMFP,MC simulation","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  903-907(1998)","Bideux,L.,Robert,C.,Merle,S.,Gruzza,B.,Goume,E.,Gil-Lafon,E.","Some applications of elastic peak electron spectroscopy for semiconductor surface studies"
"BIEDA(2001)",2001,"4A1B","Scattering foil parameters,20 MeV electrons dose calculations","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,2527-2534(2001)","Bieda,M.R.,Antolak,J.A.,Hogstrom,K.R.","The effect of scattering foil parameters on electron-beam Monte Carlo calculations"
"BIELAJEW(1985B)",1985,"4B07","Interfaces,dose,Co-60,M.C. simul","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 30,  419-427(1985)","Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Nahum,A.E.","The Monte Carlo simulation of ion chamber response to Co-60: resolution of anomalies associated with interfaces"
"BIELAJEW(1986C)",1986,"4B06","Ionisation cavity theory for thick-walled chambers in photon beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 31,  161-170(1986)","Bielajew,A.F.","Ionisation cavity theory: a formal derivation of perturbation factors for thick-walled ion chambers in photon beams"
"BIELAJEW(1986D)",1986,"2B","Interfaces,Monte Carlo calcs","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 31,  301-302(1986)","Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Interface artefacts in Monte Carlo calculations"
"BIELAJEW(1987A)",1987,"4A2","E-beam calc methods comparison","Book","""The Use of Computer in Radiation Therapy"",Elsevier,1987","Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Cygler,J.,Battista,J.J.","A comparison of electron pencil beam and Monte Carlo calculational methods"
"BIELAJEW(1987B)",1987,"2B","PRESTA M.C. code","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  18,165-181(1987)","Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.","PRESTA: The parameter reduced electron step transport algorithm for electron Monte Carlo transport"
"BIELAJEW(1990A)",1990,"4B06","Ion chambers (wall correction factors)","Journal","Med. Phys. 17, 583-587(1990)","Bielajew,A.F.","On the technique of extrapolation to obtain wall correction factors for ion chambers irradiated by photon beams"
"BIELAJEW(1990B)",1990,"4B09","Ion chambers,pt source corr factors","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 35,  501-516(1990)","Bielajew,A.F.","Correction factors for thick-walled ionization chambers in point source photon beams"
"BIELAJEW(1990C)",1990,"4B09","Ion chambers,pt source corr factors","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 35,  517-538(1990)","Bielajew,A.F.","An analytic theory of the point-source nonuniformity correction factor for thick-walled ionization chambers in photon beams"
"BIELAJEW(1992A)",1992,"2B","EGS4 Monte Carlo code,timing","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  303-304(1992)","Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.","A standard timing benchmark for EGS4 Monte Carlo calculations"
"BIELAJEW(1992B)",1992,"4B09","New ion chamber correction factors","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,1283-1291(1992)","Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Implications of new correction factors on primary air kerma standards in Co-60 beams"
"BIELAJEW(1993)",1993,"4A1B","EGS4 used to explore effects of strong,unifrom magnetic fields","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1171-1179(1993)","Bielajew,A.F.","The effect of strong longitudinal magnetic fields on dose deposition from electron and photon beams"
"BIELAJEW(1993A)",1993,"2B","EGS4 code,Moliere theory test","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  82,503-512(1993)","Bielajew,A.F.,Wang,R.Q.,Duane,S.","Incorporation of single elastic scattering in the EGS4 Monte Carlo code system: tests of Moliere theory"
"BIELAJEW(1993B)",1993,"2B","Electron Monte Carlo basics","Report","National Research Council of Canada - Report PIRS-0394(1993)","BielajewA.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Lecture notes: Electron Monte Carlo simulation"
"BIELAJEW(1994)",1994,"1C","Multiple,plural scattering,scr. Rutherford","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  86,257-269(1994)","Bielajew,A.F.","Plural and multiple small-angle scattering from a screened Rutherford cross section"
"BIELAJEW(1996)",1996,"1C","Multiple scattering theory,EGS4 code","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B111,195-208(1996)","Bielajew,A.F.","A hybrid multiple-scattering theory for electron-transport Monte Carlo calculations"
"BIELAJEW(1998)",1988,"2B","ETRAN Monte Carlo code, applications","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 18, 407-419(1989)","Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Variance reduction techniques"
"BIELAJEW(2000)",2000,"2H","Condensed history method,transport ""mechanics"",new EGS5 project","Conference","Proc. 2nd Int'l Worshop on EGS,KEK Proceedings 200-20,1-10(2000)","Bielajew,A.F.,Wilderman,S.J.","Innovative electron transport methods in EGS5"
"BIELAJEW(2001)",2001,"2H","New electron transport mechanics model,reproduces moments","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B173,332-343(2001)","Bielajew,A.F.,Salvat,F.","Improved electron transport mechanics in the PENELOPE Monte-Carlo model"
"BIELEWSKI(2006)",2006,"4C4","Micro-beam XRF of particles,correction for absorption effects","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,238-242(2006)","Bielewshi,M.,Wegrzynek,D.,Lankosz,M.,Markowics,A.,Chinea-Cano,E.,Akoto Bamford,S.","Micro-beam x-ray fluorescence analysis of individual particles with correction for absorption effects"
"BIEWER(1994)",1994,"2E","Energy deposition,transport theory","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,7636-7638(1994)","Biewer,T.,Rez,P.","Energy deposition in thin films calculated using electron transport theory"
"BIGGS(1991)",1991,"2B","ITS M.C.code,shielding application","Journal","Health Phys. 61,465-472(1991)","Biggs,P.J.","Calculation of shielding door thicknesses for radiation therapy facilities using the ITS Monte Carlo program"
"BINDI(1980)",1980,"4D3","Secondary emission,Boltzmann equation solution","Journal","J. Phys. D 13,  267-280(1980)","Bindi,R.,Lanteri,H.,Rostaing,P.","A new approach and resolution method of the Boltzmann equation applied to secondary electron emission, by reflection from polycrystalline aluminium"
"BINKS(1954)",1954,"4E3","Energy per ion pair -early article, referenced by JONES(2006)","Journal","Acta Radiol. Suppl. 117,85-104(1954)","Binks,W.","Energy per ion pair"
"BIRCH(1979)",1979,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra,bremsstrahlung,calculation of spectra","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 24,  505-517(1979)","Birch,R.,Marshall,M.","Computation of bremsstrahlung x-ray spectra and comparison with spectra measured with a Ge(Li) detector"
"BISHOP(1965A)",1993,"4C3","EPMA (electron probe microanalysis)","Conference","4th Int'l Conf X-ray Optics & Microanalysis,p 112-","Bishop,H.E.","Measurement of film thickness by EPMA"
"BISHOP(1965B)",1965,"2B","Monte Carlo,electron scattering in Cu","Journal","Proc Phys Soc London 85,  855-866(1965)","Bishop,H.E.","A Monte Carlo calculation on the scattering of electrons in copper"
"BISHOP(1967)",1967,"2B","Simple Monte Carlo,5-40 keV,agrees better with low Z than high Z","Journal","Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 18, 703-715(1967)","Bishop,H.E.","Electron scattering in thick targets"
"BISHOP(1968)",1968,"4C3","EPMA,MC model used to calc absorp,back-scatt corrections","Journal","J. Phys. D  1,  673-684(1968)","Bishop,H.E.","The absorption and atomic number corrections in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis"
"BISHOP(1973)",1973,"4C3","Calculation of thickness of surface films using electr scattering distrs","Journal","J. Phys. D  6,1142-1158(1973)","Bishop,H.E.,Poole,D.M.","A simple method of thin film analysis in the electron probe microanalyser"
"BISHOP(1974)",1974,"4C3","EPMA,absorption correction factor","Journal","J. Phys. D  7,2009-2020(1974)","Bishop,H.E.","The prospects for an improved absorption correction in electron probe microanalysis"
"BISHOP(1976)",1976,"2B","EPMA,history of MC methods used,single,multiple scatt approaches","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p.  5-13","Bishop,H.E.","The history and development of Monte Carlo methods for use in x-ray microanalysis"
"BISHOP(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA (electron probe microanalysis)","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series 130,135-138(1993)","Bishop,H.E.,Poole,D.M.","Measurement of film thickness by EPMA"
"BISIKALO(2003)",2003,"4C6","Electron,proton auroral mapped. Some proton dominated cases","Journal","Annales Geophysicae 21,2165-2173(2004)","Bisikalo,D.V.,Shematovich,V.I,Gerard,JC.,Meurant,M.,Mende,S.B.,Frey,H.U.","Remote sensing of the proton aurora characteristics from IMAGE-FUV"
"BISSONNETTE(1992)",1992,"4C2","X-ray spectrum,W,model comparison","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  579-582(1992)","Bissonnette,J.P.,Schreiner,L.J.","A comparison of semiempirical models for generating tungsten target x-ray spectra"
"BJARNGARD(1985)",1985,"4A1","Dose, replacement correction factors","Journal","Med. Phys. 12. 785-787(1985)","Bjarngard,B.E.,Kase,K.R.","Replacement correction factors for photon and electron dose measurements"
"BJARNGARD(1986)",1986,"4A1A","Photon dose","Journal","Med. Phys. 13, 760-761(1986)","Bjarngard,B.E.,Cunningham,J.R.","Validity of the concept of separating primary and scatter dose: comments"
"BJARNGARD(1994)",1994,"4A1A","Attenuation in photon beams","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,1069-1073(1994)","Bjarngard,B.E.,Shackford,H.","Attenuation in high-energy x-ray beams"
"BJARNGARD(1995)",1995,"4A1A","Dose (surface)","Journal","Med. Phys. 22, 465-468(1995)","Bjarngard,B.E.,Vadash,P.,Zhu,T.","Doses near the surface in high energy x-ray beams"
"BJORK(2004)",2004,"4A1B","Electron beam ""output factors"" measured with 3 detector types","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,4493-4506(2004)","Bjork,P.,Knoos,T.,Nilsson,P","Measurement of output factors with different detector types and Monte Carlo calculations of stopping-power ratios for degraded electron beams"
"BLAIS(1992)",1992,"4A1","Mass angular scattering power method","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,1931-1942(1992)","Blais,N.,Podgorsak,E.B.","The mass angular scattering power method for determining the kinetic energies of clinical electron beams"
"BLAKELY(1998)",1998,"4A6","Mechanisms for radiation-induced damage to cells (Editorial)","Journal","Acta Radiol Oncol. 37,127-128(1998)","Blakely,E.A.","Radiation-induced changes in a cell's program for life"
"BLANC(1985)",1985,"4E4","Microdosimetric quantities;applications","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  13,387-393(1985)","Blanc,D.,Terrissol,M.","Microdosimetry: A tool for radiation research (tutorial)"
"BLAZY(2006)",2006,"4A1A","Depth-dose expt, PENELOPE compared. Lung, bone inhomogeneities","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,5951-5965(2006)","Blazy,L.,Baltes,D.,Bordy,J.M.,Cuteralla,D.,Delaunay,F.,Gourion,J.,Leroy,E.,Ostrowsky,A.,Beaumont,S.","Comparison of PENELOPE Monte Carlo dose calculations with Fricke dosimeter and ionization chamber measurements in heterogeneous phantoms (18 MeV electron and 12 MV photon beams)"
"BLOCH(1988)",1988,"4B06","Dosimetry","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 33,  373-377(1988)","Bloch,P.","A unified electron photon dosimetry approach"
"BLOCH(1998)",1998,"4B05","Photon spectra,high energy,inference","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  752-757(1998)","Bloch,P.,McDonough,J.","Extraction of the photon spectra from measured beam parameters"
"BLODGETT(2007)",2007,"4A5C","PET","Journal","Radiology 242,360-385(2000)","Todd M. Blodgett,Carolyn C. Meltzer,David W. Townsend","PET/CT: Form and function (review)"
"BLOKLAND(2002)",2002,"4A5C","PET,technical introduction for clinical applications","Journal","Eur. J. Radiology 44,70-75(2002)","Blokland,J.A.K.,Trindev,P.,Stokkel,M.P.M.,Pauwels,E.K.J.","Positron emission tomography: a technical introduction for clinicians"
"BLOMFIELD(2005)",2005,"4D1","XPS review,key instrumental developments,images,applications","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,241-249(2005)","Blomfield,C.J.","Spatially resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (review)"
"BLOOMFIELD(1984)",1984,"4C3","Microprobe analysis, light elements","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 13,  69-77(1984)","Bloomfield,D.J.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Quantitative light-element analysis using an energy-dispersive detector. 1. Dead time and the low-energy spectrum"
"BLOOMFIELD(1985A)",1985,"4C3","Microprobe analysis, light elements","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 14,    8-15(1985)","Bloomfield,D.J.,Love,G.","Quantitative light-element analysis using an energy-dispersive detector. 2. Continuum removal and peak deconvolution"
"BLOOMFIELD(1985B)",1985,"4C3","Microprobe analysis, light elements","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 14,139-148(1985)","Bloomfield,D.J.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Quantitative light-element analysis using an energy-dispersive detector. 3. Practical assessment of accuracy and sensitivity"
"BLOUGH(1998)",1998,"4C2","X-ray target spectrum, model","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,1605-1612(1998)","Blough,M.M.,Waggener,R.G.,Payne,W.H.,Terry,J.A.","Calculated mammographic spectra confirmed with attenuation curves for molybdenum, rhodium, and tungsten targets"
"BOHM(1986)",1986,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber,review","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  14,193-198(1986)","Bohm,J.,Schneider,U.","Review of extrapolation chamber measurements of beta-rays and low-energy x-rays"
"BOHM(2003)",2003,"4B03","Benchmarks MCNP,cross sect library,low E photon brachytherpy appls","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,  701-711(2003)","Tim D. Bohm,Paul M. DeLuca, Jr.,Larry A. DeWerd","Brachytherapy dosimetry of 125I and 103Pd sources using an updated cross section library for the MCNP Monte Carlo transport code"
"BOLCH(1994)",1994,"4B03","Beta ray microdosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,  77-80(1994)","Bolch,W.E.,Kim,E.-H.","Calculations of electron single event distributions for use in internal beta microdosimetry"
"BOLCH(2001)",2001,"4A6","Alpha-particle emitters in radioimmunotherapy","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 42,1222-1224 (2001)","Wesley E. Bolch","Alpha-particle emitters in radioimmunotherapy: New and welcome challenges to medical internal dosimetry"
"BOLON(1973)",1973,"4C3","Extension Curgenven & Duncumb MC program","Journal","Scanning Electron Micros. 1973,  285-292(1973)","Bolon,R.B.,Lifshin,E.","The use of Monte Carlo techniques for x-ray analysis of thin films and fine structure"
"BOMAN(2005)",2005,"2C","Finite element applied to coupled transport equation,treatment planning","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,  265-280(2005)","Boman,E.,Tervo,J.,Vauhkonen,M.","Modeling the transport of ionizing radiation using the finite element method"
"BONETTO(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,refinement of atomic, experimental parameters","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,313-319(2001)","Bonetto,R.,Castellano,G.,Trincavelli,J.","Optimization of parameters in electron probe microanalysis"
"BONGELER(1993)",1993,"3A","Low V electron microscopy,backscattering coeff,sec electron yield","Journal","Scanning 15,   1-18(1993)","Bongeler,R.,Golla,U.,Kassens,M.,Reimer,L.,Schindler,B.,Senkel,R.,Spranck,M.","Electron specimen interactions in low voltage scanning electron microscopy"
"BONNETT(1993)",1993,"4E6","Proton therapy review","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,1371-1392(1993)","Bonnett,D.E.","Current developments in proton therapy: a review"
"BOON(2000)",2000,"4C3","EPMA,thin films,full matrix correction method to determine composition","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   85,    1-7(2000)","Boon,G.,Bastin,G.F.","The use of a phi(rho*z) model for simultaneous determination of composition and thickness in analytical transmission electron microscopy"
"BOON(2004)",2004,"4C3","EPMA,model to calc composition of thin films,full matrix correction","Journal","Microchim. Acta 147,125-133(2004)","Boon,G.,Bastin,G.F.","Quantitative analysis of thin specimens in the TEM using a phi(rho*z)-model"
"BOONE(1988)",1988,"4C2","X-ray spectra,used parametric spectral model of Birch & Marshall/1979","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 304-310(1988)","Boone,J.M.","The 3 parameter equivalent spectra as an index of beam quality"
"BOONE(1992)",1992,"4B01","Parametrized spectrum results,computer simulations of x-ray detectors","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,1467-1473(1992)","Boone,J.M.","Parametrized x-ray absorption in diagnostic radiology from Monte Carlo calculations: implications for x-ray detector design"
"BOONE(1996)",1996,"1A","Photon attenuation coefficient data,algorithm","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,1997-2005(1996)","Boone,J.M.,Chavez,A.E.","Comparison of x-ray cross sections for diagnostic and therapeutic medical physics"
"BOONE(1997A)",1997,"4C2","X-ray spectrum prediction","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,1661-1670(1997)","Boone,J.M.,Seibert,J.A.","An accurate method for computer-generating tungsten anode x-ray spectra from 30 to 140 kV"
"BOONE(1997B)",1997,"4C2","X-ray spectrum models,MC calcs,18-40 kV,polynomial fits","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,1863-1874(1997)","Boone,J.M.,Fewell,T.R.,Jennings,R.J.","Molybdenum, rhodium, and tungsten anode spectral models using interpolating polynomials with application to mammography"
"BOONE(1999)",1999,"4B10","Monte Carlo analysis of x-ray detectors,x-ray fluorescence contributions","Journal","Med. Phys. 26, 905-916(1999)","Boone,J.M.,Saboi,J.M.,Tecotzky,M.","A Monte Carlo study of x-ray fluorescence in x-ray detectors"
"BORG(2000)",2000,"4B06","Spencer–Attix cavity theory,MC study of accuracy from 20-1300 keV","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,1804-1813(2000)","Borg,J.,Kawrakow,I.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Seuntjens,J.P.","Monte Carlo study of correction factors for Spencer-Attix cavity theory at photon energies at or above 100 keV"
"BORGERS(1996A)",1996,"4A2","Fermi-Eyges theory derived from Fokker-Planck equation","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,1749-1759(1996)","Borgers,C.,Larsen,E.W.","On the accuracy of the Fokker-Planck and Fermi pencil beam equations for charged particle transport"
"BORGERS(1996B)",1996,"4A2","Fermi pencil-beam approximation","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 123,343-357(1996)","Borgers,C.,Larsen,E.W.","Asymptotic derivation of the Fermi pencil-beam approximation"
"BORGERS(1997)",1997,"4A2","Fermi-Eyges,fast iterative method","Journal","J. Comp. Phys.133,323-339(1997)","Borgers,C.","A fast iterative method for computing particle beams penetrating matter"
"BORGERS(1998)",1998,"2A","Dose calculation methods,complexity of","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,  517-528(1998)","Borgers,C.","Complexity of Monte Carlo and deterministic dose-calculation methods"
"BORGERS(1999)",1999,"4A3A","Mathematical aspects of radiation therapy planning described (tutorial)","Book","Computational Radiology and Imaging: Therapy and Diagnostics (Proceedings of IMA Workshop, March 1997), edited by C. Börgers and F. Natterer, IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications 110, Springer-Verlag, 1999","Christoph Borgers","The radiation therapy planning problem"
"BORGES(2004)",2004,"4B10","Energy resolution results for uniform-field gas prop-scint counter","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,124-127(2004)","Borges,F.I.G.,M.,dos Santos,J.M.F.,Dias,T,H.V.T.,Santos,F.P.,Conde,C.A.N.","A gas proportional-scintillation counter for x-ray spectrometry in the 0.1-3 keV range"
"BORGLUND(2004)",2004,"2F","CAD 3D package for Monte Carlo (PENELOPE used)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A525,417-420(2004)","Borglund,N.,Eriksson,J.,Fumero,E.,Kjall,P.,Martensson,L.,Orsholm,C.,Sikora,T.","Geometry package for Monte Carlo simulations"
"BORKHODOEV(2002)",2002,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method,applied to rocks","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,209-218(2002)","Borkhodoev,V.Ya.","Accuracy of the fundamental parameter method for x-ray fluorescence analysis of rocks"
"BORODYANSKY(1991)",1991,"4D1","XPS,AES,concentration depth profiles","Journal","Surf. Sci. 251,  325-329(1991)","Borodyansky,S.E.,Abashkin,Y.G.","Determination of concentration depth profiles by angle-dependent XPS and AES data"
"BORTFELD(1993A)",1993,"4A1A","Photon pencil beam kernel model, convolution technique","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,  311-318(1993)","Bortfeld,T.,Schlegel,W.,Rhein,B.","Decomposition of pencil beam kernels for fast dose calculations in three-dimensional treatment planning"
"BORTFELD(1993B)",1993,"4A3A","Beam orientation in radiation therapy,optimization","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,  291-304(1993)","Bortfeld,T.,Schlegel,W.","Optimization of beam orientations in radiation therapy: some theoretical considerations"
"BORTFELD(2006)",2006,"4A3B","IMRT review article","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R363-R379(2006)","Bortfeld,T.","IMRT: a review and preview"
"BORTFIELD(1996)",1996,"4E6","Protons,depth-dose distributions","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1331-1339(1996)","Bortfield,T.,Schlegel,W.","An analytical approximation of depth dose distributions for therapeutic proton beams"
"BOS(1998)",1998,"4C4","XRF calcs,new computer programs using fund parameter methods","Journal","Analyt. Chim. Acta 373,291-302(1998)","Bos,M.,Vrielink,J.A.M. Vrielink","Constraints, iteration schemes and convergence criteria for concentration calculations in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with the use of fundamental parameter methods"
"BOSI(1975)",1975,"4C1","Positron annihilation in colored KCl,trapping at F centers","Journal","Phys. Rev. B11,2485-2489(1975)","Bosi,L,Dupasquier,A.,Zappa,L.","Positron motion and trapping in ionic crystals"
"BOSWELL(2005)",2005,"4A6","Auger electron therapy,a useful strategy for specific tumor cell killing","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,1946-1947(2005)","C. Andrew Boswell, Martin W. Brechbiel","Auger electrons: Lethal, low energy, and coming soon to a tumor cell nucleus near you"
"BOUARISSA(1998)",1998,"4C1","Positron backscattering,Al","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 83,3643-3648(1998)","Bouarissa,N.,Walker,A.B.,Aourag,H.","Backscattering of slow positrons from semiinfinite aluminum"
"BOUARISSA(2000)",2000,"4C1","Mean penetr depths,stopping profiles,up to 10 keV,MC simulation","Journal","Int. J. Modern Phys. B,14,1603-1612(2000)","Bouarissa,N.,Walker,A.B.","A computer simulation of slow-positron implantation depths in aluminum"
"BOUARISSA(2002)",2002,"4D3","MC calcs,electrons,Al,Cu,.5-4 keV:backscat coeffs,stopping profiles","Journal","Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.19,  89-94(2002)","Bouarissa,N.,Deghfel,B.,Bentabet,A.","Electron slowing down in solid targets: Monte-Carlo calculations"
"BOUCHET(1999)",1999,"2H","Electrons onto trabecular bone, EGS4 calcs,uses chord length distribs","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 40,1947-1966 (2000)","Lionel G. Bouchet, Derek W. Jokisch, Wesley E. Bolch","A three-dimensional transport model for determining absorbed fractions of energy for electrons within trabecular bone"
"BOUDAIFFA(2000A)",2000,"4A6","0.1-1.5 keV electrons induced single,double,multiple strand breaks","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 76,1209-1221(2000)","Boudaiffa,B.,Hunting,D.,Cloutier,P.,Huels,M.A.,Sanche,L.","Induction of single- and double-strand breaks in plasmid DNA by 100-1500 eV electrons"
"BOUDAIFFA(2000B)",2000,"4D4","DNA strand breaks by 3-20 eV electrons","Journal","Science 287,1658-1660(2000)","Boudaiffa,B.Cloutier,P.,Hungint,D.,Huels,M.A.,Sanche,L.","Resonant formation of DNA strand breaks by low-energy (3-20 eV) electrons"
"BOUDAIFFA(2002)",2002,"4A6","Direct measurements of SSBs,DSBs,MSBs in DNA,10-50 eV","Journal","Radiat. Res. 157,227-334(2002)","Boudaiffa,B.,Cloutier,P.,Hungint,D.,Huels,M.A.,Sanche,L.","Cross sections for low-energy (10-50 eV) electron damage to DNA"
"BOUDJANI(2005)",2005,"4C5","EBIC tech valid for large diffusion lengths,large bare substrates,wafers","Journal","Semicond Sci Technol 20,175-179(2005)","Boudjani,A.","Diffusion length measurement with a quick EBIC technique"
"BOURDILLON(1983)",1993,"4E8A","EELS results for L, K edges of Al as funct of specimen thickness,etc.","Journal","J. Microsc. 130,177-186(1983)","Bourdillon,A J, Hall, D J, Morrison, C J, Stobbs, W M","The relative importance of multiple inelastic scattering in the quantification of EELS"
"BOURDILLON(1985)",1985,"4E8A","Elastic scattering effects on EELS","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   17,147-150(1985)","Bourdillon,A.J.,Sbobbs,W.M.","Elastic scattering in EELS-fundamental corrections to quantification"
"BOURDILLON(2001)",2001,"4C7","proximity x-ray lithography,simulations","Journal","J. Phys. D 34,3209-3213(2001)","Bourdillon,A.J.,Boothroyd,C.B.","Proximity correction simulations in ultra-high resolution x-ray lithography"
"BOURLAND(1992)",1992,"4A2","Pencil beam model","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,1401-1412(1992)","Bourland,J.D.,Chaney,E.L.","A finite-size pencil beam model for photon dose calculations in 3 dimensions"
"BOUSLAMA(1996)",1996,"4E8A","AES,EELS study of ZnO,SnO2","Journal","Vacuum 47,1353-1359(1996)","Bouslama,M.,Ghamnia,M.,Jardin,C.,Bouderbala,M.,Gruzza,B.","Investigation by AES and EELS of ZnO/InP(100) and SnO2/Ag"
"BOUTBOUL(1996)",1996,"1B","Inelastic mfp,stopping power,insulators","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 79,6714-6721(1996)","Boutboul,T.,Akkerman,A.,Breskin,A.,Chechik,R.","Electron inelastic mean free path and stopping power modeling in alkali halides in the 50 eV-10 keV energy range"
"BOUTBOUL(1999)",1999,"4D4","New microscopic theor model for UV photoemiss,sec emiss from CsI","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 86,5841-5849(1999)","Boutboul,T.,Akkerman,A.,Gibrekhterman,A.,Breskin,A.,Chechik,R.","An improved model for ultraviolet- and x-ray-induced electron emission from CsI"
"BOWER(1990)",1990,"4C4","XRF.geological samples,minimizing sources of errors","Journal","Rigaku Journal   7-1,  3-11(1990)","Bower,N.W.,Neifert,P.E.,Lewis,M.,Luedemann,G.","Minimizing the sources of error in the analysis of geological samples by x-ray fluorescence"
"BOWER(1998)",1998,"4B09","MOSFET dosimeter,diagn x-ray applic","Journal","Health Phys. 75,197-204(1998)","Bower,M.W.,Hintenlang,D.E.","The characterization of a commercial MOSFET dosimeter system for use in diagnostic x-ray"
"BOWMAN(1958)",1958,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,Monte Carlo calc.","Report","ORNL-2609(1958)","Bowman,L.A.,Trubey,D.K.","Monte Carlo calculation of gamma-ray dose-rate buildup factors for lead and water shields and Monte Carlo calculation of the deposition of gamma-ray heating in stratified lead and water slabs"
"BOYD(2001A)",2001,"4A1B","E-beam dose algorithm verification data set, high accuracy,precision","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  950-958(2001)","Boyd,R.A.,Hogstrum,K.R.,Antolak,J.A.,Shiu,A.S.","A measured data set for evaluating electron-beam dose algorithms"
"BOYD(2001B)",2001,"4A2","Pencil-beam redefinition algorithm","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 46,2841-2836(2001)","Boyd,R.A.,Hogstrom,K.R.,White,R.A.,Starkschall,G.","Modeling pencil-beam divergence with the electron pencil-beam redefinition algorithm"
"BOYD(2006)",2006,"4A6","Bystander effect,targeted radiotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 47,1007-1015(2006)","Marie Boyd, Susan C. Ross, Jennifer Dorrens, Natasha E. Fullerton, Ker Wei Tan, Michael R. Zalutsky, Robert J. Mairs","Radiation-induced biologic bystander effect elicited In vitro by targeted radiopharmaceuticals labeled with alpha, beta, and Auger electron–emitting radionuclides"
"BOYER(1985A)",1985,"4A1A","Photon dose distrib,convolution calcs","Journal","Med. Phys. 12, 169-177(1985)","Boyer,A.,Mok,E.","A photon dose distribution model employing convolution calculations"
"BOYER(1986)",1986,"4A1A","Convolution method","Journal","Med. Phys. 13, 503-509(1986)","Boyer,A.l.,Mok,E.C.","Calculation of photon dose distributions in an inhomogeneous-medium using convolutions"
"BOYER(1988)",1988,"4A1","Attenuation coeffs & dose kernels","Journal","Radiat. Res. 113,235-242(1988)","Boyer,A.L.","Relationship between attenuation coefficients and dose-spread kernels"
"BOYES(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA (<5 kV) advantage:shorter x-ray escape range,no matrix effects","Journal","Microchim. Acta 138, 225-234 (2002)","Edward D. Boyes","Analytical potential of EDS at low voltages (review)"
"BOYES2000)",2001,"4C3","Low voltage scanning electron microscopy,chemical microanalysis","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   6, 307-316(2000)","E.D. Boyes","On low voltage scanning electron microscopy and chemical microanalysis"
"BRABY(1992)",1992,"4E5","Local concentrations of energy in small volumes measured,calculated","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 12,   23-32(1992)","Braby,L.A.,Metting,N.F.,Wilson,W.E.,Toburen,L.H.","Microdosimetric measurements of heavy ion tracks"
"BRADFORD(1987)",1987,"4D4","Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in insulators","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 34,1392-?(1987)","Bradford,J.N.,Woolf,S.","Monte Carlo simulation and analysis of elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in insulators"
"BRADFORD(1991A)",1991,"1C","Stopping power,hot electrons,SiO2","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 70,  490-492(1991)","Bradford,J.N.,Woolf,S.","Electron-acoustic phonon scattering in SiO2 determined from a pseudo-potential for energies of E>EBZ"
"BRADFORD(1991B)",1991,"4D4","Electric fields,SiO2,Monte Carlo calcs","Prepint","Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids (1991)(preprint)","Bradford,J.N.,Woolf,S.","Impact ionization in the presence of strong electric fields in silicon dioxide"
"BRADLEY(2001)",2001,"4E4","microdosimetry,silicon-based devices,review","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B184,135-157(2001)","Bradley,P.D.,Rosenfeld,A.B.,Zaider,M.","Solid state microdosimetry"
"BRADLEY(2004)",2004,"4A5C","Use of FDG with PET to detect extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer","Journal","J. Clin. Oncol. 22,3248-3254(2004)","Bradley,J.D.,Dehdashti,F.,Mintun,M.A.,Govindan,R.,Trinkaus,K.,Siegel,B.A.","Positron emission tomography in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: A  prospective study"
"BRADSHAW(1994)",1994,"4D1","Surfaces,photon interactions (review)","Journal","Surf. Sci. 299/300, 49-63(1994)","Bradshaw,A.M.","Interaction of photons with surfaces"
"BRAHME(1975A)",1975,"4A1B","Electron depth absorbed dose distribution","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 20,   39-46(1975)","Brahme,A.,Hulten,G.,Svensson,H.","Electron depth absorbed dose distribution for a 10-MeV clinical microtron"
"BRAHME(1975B)",1975,"4A1","E-beam penetration,analytic expressions","Report","SSI:1975-011, National Institute of Radiation Protection, Stockholm, 1975","Brahme,A.","Simple expressions for the penetration of high energy electron beams in matter"
"BRAHME(1976)",1976,"4A1B","Central axis depth dose distribution","Journal","Med. Phys.  3,  95-102(1976)","Brahme,A,Svensson,H.","Specification of electron beam quality from central-axis depth absorbed-dose distribution"
"BRAHME(1978A)",1978,"4A1B","Electron depth absorbed dose distr","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 23,  788-792(1978)","Brahme,A.","Depth absorbed dose distribution for electrons (correspondence)"
"BRAHME(1978B)",1978,"4A1","Photon energy absorption coefficients","Journal","Radiat. Res.  73,420-429(1978)","Brahme,A.,","Restricted energy absorption coefficients for use in dosimetry"
"BRAHME(1981)",1981,"4A3A","Dose planning,e-beam,Gaussian beams","Journal","Acta Radiol Oncol. 20,147-158(1981)","Brahme,A.,Lax,I.,Andreo,P.","Electron beam dose planning using discrete Gaussian beams. Mathematical background"
"BRAHME(1983)",1983,"4A1","Simple expression relating e-beam dose levels in differ materials derived","Journal","Acta Radiol Suppl 364, 61-72(1983)","Brahme,A.,Lax,I.","Absorbed dose distribution of electron beams in uniform and inhomogeneous media"
"BRAHME(1985)",1985,"4A3A","Treatment planning","Journal","Radiother. Oncol   3,347-362(1985)","Brahme,A.","Current algorithms for computed electron beam dose planning"
"BRAHME(1993B)",1993,"4A3A","Radiation therapy optimization","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 28,  785-787(1993)","Brahme,A.","Optimization of radiation therapy"
"BRAHME(1996)",1996,"4A3A","Treatment planning,recent developments","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 19,  53-66(1996)","Brahme,A.","Recent developments in radiation therapy planning and treatment optimization"
"BRAHME(2000)",2000,"4A3A","Radiation therapy optimization","Journal","Acta Oncol. 39,579-595(2000)","Brahme,A.","Development of radiation therapy optimization"
"BRAHME(2001B)",2001,"4A3A","Treatment planning,biological optimization models","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 49,  327-337(2001)","Brahme,A.","Individualizing cancer treatment: biological optimization models in treatment planning and delivery"
"BRAHME(2004)",2004,"4E7","Radiation therapy optimization,use of PET,use of light ion beams","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 58,  603-616(2004)","Brahme,A.","Recent advances in light ion radiation therapy"
"BRANDES(1989)",1989,"4C1","Positron microbeams,production,application;defect studies,microscopy","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   1,SA135-SA143(1989)","Brandes,G.R.,Cante,kKI.F.,Horsky,T.N.,Lippel,P.H.,Mills,A.P.,Jr.","Production and applications of positron microbeams"
"BRANS(2006)",2006,"4A6","Peptide receptor-mediated radiotherapy,microsphere therapy,etc.","Journal","Eur. J. Cancer 42,   994-1003(2006)","Boudewijn Brans, Ola Linden, Francesco Giammarile, Jan Tennvall, Cornelis Punt","Clinical applications of newer radionuclide therapies"
"BRAUER-KRISCH(2005)",2005,"4A1C","Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) technique","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,3103-3111(2005)","Brauer-Krisch,E.,Requardt,H.,Regnard,P.,Corde,S.,Siegbahn,E.,LeDuc,G.,Brochard,T.,Blattmann,H.,Laissue,J.,Bravin,A.","New irradiation geometry for microbeam radiation therapy"
"BREEN(2000)",2000,"4B06","Cavity theory,appl. to bone metastases","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,  879-896(2000)","Breen,S.L.,Battista,J.J.","Cavity theory applied to the dosimetry of systemic radiotherapy of bone metastases"
"BREESE(1998)",1998,"4E7","EBIC-IBIC comparison for proton-induced defects in SI","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B136-138,1355-1360(1998)","Breese,M.H.,Amaku,A.,Wilshaw,P.R.","A comparison between the use of EBIC and IBIC microscopy for semiconductor defect analysis"
"BRIDEN(1999)",1999,"4E5","New method applied to 2 models re:cell inactivation by radiation","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,249-259(1999)","Briden,P.E.,Holt,P.D.,SImmons,J.A.","The track structures of ionizing particles and their application to radiation biophysics II. Results for various organisms irradiated with protons, deuterons and alpha-particles"
"BRINK(2005)",2005,"4A5C","Current,potential issues as PET/CT is integrated into medical practice.","Journal","Amer. J. Radiology 184, S135-S137 (2005)","James A. Brink","PET/CT unplugged:The merging technologies of PET and CT Imaging (review)"
"BRITTON(1990)",1990,"4C1","Time-dep diffusion eqn in semi-infinite solid solved by Green's function","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218, 207-216(1990)","Ritley,K.A.,McKeown,M.,Lynn,K.G.","Time dependent diffusion and annihilation of positrons"
"BRITTON(1991)",1991,"4C1","Time-dep diffusion eqn, thermal and epithermal positrons","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   3, 681-692(1991)","Britton,D.T.","Time dependent diffusion and annihilation of positrons"
"BRITTON(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron diffusion,annihilation","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303,   20-24(1994)","Britton,D.T.","Diffusion and annihilation of positrons in solids"
"BRITTON(1995)",1995,"4C1","Num soln,time-dependent diffusion model,positrons near solid surface","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,   1-7(1995)","Britton,D.T.,Stormer,J.","Application of time-dependent diffusion models to the study of real solids"
"BRITTON(1997)",1997,"4C1","Positron thermalization dynamics, Fokker-Planck eq","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 116,162-167(1997)","Britton,D.T.,Harting,M.","Epithermal positron dynamics"
"BRITTON(2000)",2000,"4C1","Fermi age theory approach to positron penetration","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B164-165,337-343(2000)","Britton,D.T.,Wigger,G.A.,Seeger,A.","Application of Fermi age theory to the penetration of positrons in solids"
"BRIZUELA(1990)",1990,"4C3","EPMA,mean excitation energy","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 19,173-176(1990)","Brizuela,H.,Riveros,J.A.","Study of mean excitation energy and K-shell effect for electron probe microanalysis"
"BROCKLEHURST(2001)",2001,"4E5","Triplet states excited by sec electrons or ion recombination in spurs","Journal","Radiat. Res. 155,637-640(2001)","Brocklehurst,B.","Radiation damage in DNA: Possible role of higher triplet states"
"BRODSKY(2002)",2002,"4B09","50 years,dosimetric instruments & concepts,1950-2000,solid state","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.101,601-601(2002)","Brodsky,A.","The great advances in radiation measurements"
"BROERS(1988)",1988,"4C7","E-beam lithography,resolution limits,resolution below 10 nm","Journal","IBM J. Res. Dev. 32,502-513(1988)","Broers,A.N.","Resolution limits for electron-beam lithography"
"BROLL(1983)",1986,"4C4","Quantitative XRF,fundamental influence coefficient method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 12,  30-37(1983)","Broll,N.,Tertian,F.","Quantitative x-ray fluorescence analysis by use of fundamental influence coefficients"
"BROLL(1986)",1986,"4C4","Quantitative XRF,fundamental parameter method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 15,271-285(1986)","Broll,N.","Quantitative x-ray fluorescence analysis - Theory and practice of the fundamental coefficient method"
"BROLL(1992)",1992,"4C4","XRF analysis, effective coefficient method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 21,  43-49(1992)","Broll,N.,Caussin,P.,Markus,P.","Matrix correction in x-ray fluorescence analysis by the effective coefficient method"
"BRONIC(1988)",1988,"3B","W values,polyatomic gases","Journal","Radiat. Res. 115,213-222(1988)","Bronic,I.K.,Srdoc,D.,Obelic,B.","The mean energy required to form an ion pair for low-energy photons and electrons in polyatomic gases"
"BRONS(2003)",2003,"4E5","Model based on local dose deposited around heavy ion tracks","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 42:  63-72(2003)","Brons,S.,Taucher-Scholz,G.,Scholz,M.,Kraft,G.","A track structure model for simulation of strand breaks in plasmid DNA after heavy ion irradiation"
"BROWN(1959)",1959,"4C4","XRF,X-ray fluoresence review article","Journal","Analyst   84,  344-355(1959)","Brown,F.","X-ray fluorescence analysis: A review"
"BROWN(1971)",1971,"4C2","X-ray line intensities,transport calct","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 42,4044-4046(1971)","Brown,D.B.,Gilfrich,J.V.","Measurement and calculation of absolute x-ray intensities"
"BROWN(1976)",1976,"4C3","Depth distribs of x-ray production,Si and Cu in Al,Ni,Ag,Au","Journal","X-ray Spectrom.   5,  36-40(1976)","Brown,J.D.,Parobek,L.","X-ray production as a function of depth for low electron energies"
"BROWN(1982)",1982,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative, Gaussian curves","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 11,187-193(1982)","Brown,J.D.,Packwood,R.H.","Quantitative electron probe microanalysis using Gaussian phi(rho*zeta) curves"
"BROWN(1983)",1983,"4C3","EPMA thin films & surfaces (survey)","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 38,  1411-1419(1983)","Brown,J.D.","New approaches to quantitative x-ray microanalysis of thin films and surfaces (SURVEY)"
"BROWN(1986)",1986,"4C3","EPMA,thin films & small particles","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  26,294-305(1986)","Brown,J.E.,Packwood,R.H.","Methods for quantitative electron probe microanalysis of small particles and thin films"
"BROWN(1997)",1997,"3E","Ioniz profile,Monte Carlo,Gaussian","Journal","J. Trace Microprobe Techn 15,385-389(1997)","Brown,J.E.,Chan,A.","Modifications to a multiple scattering Monte Carlo model to predict x-ray generation curves"
"BROWN(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative,phi(rho*z) curves (review)","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  475-478(1999)","Brown,J.D.","The application of depth distribution, phi(rho*z) curves to quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"BROWNING(1991A)",1991,"1B","Elastic scattering,empirical equation","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 58,2845-2847(1991)","Browning,R.","Universal elastic scattering cross sections for electrons in the range 1-100 keV"
"BROWNING(1991B)",1991,"1B","Elastic scattering model,low E,high Z","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 9,3578-3581(1991)","Browning,R.,Eimori,T.,Traut,E.P.,Chui,B.,Pease,R.F.W.","An elastic cross section model for use with Monte Carlo simulations of low energy electron scattering from high atomic number targets"
"BROWNING(1994)",1994,"1B","Electron scattering,elastic","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,2016-2022(1994)","Browning,R.,Li,T.Z.,Chui,B.,Ye,J.,Pease,R.F.W.,Czyzewski,Z.,Joy,D.C.","Empirical forms for the electron-atom elastic scattering cross sections from 0.1 to 30 keV"
"BROWNING(1995)",1995,"1B","Elastic scattering cross sections,.1-30 keV,empirical forms,Mott data","Journal","Scanning 17,250-253(1995)","Browning,R.,Li,T.Z.,Chui,B.,Ye,J.,Pease,R.F.W.,Czyzewski,Z.,Joy,D.C.","Low energy electron atom elastic scattering cross sections from 0.1-30 keV"
"BROWNING(1996)",1996,"4E8A","EELS/STEM bonding, structure info at interfaces seen","Journal","J. Phys. D 29,1779-1798(1996)","Browning,N.D.,Pennycook,S.J.","Direct experimental determination of the atomic structure at internal interfaces"
"BROWNING(1997)",1997,"4E8A","EELS + Z imaging-info -> composition with atomic resolution","Journal","Micron 28,333-348(1997)","Browning,N.D.,Wallis,D.J.,Nellist,P.D.,Pennycook,S.J.","EELS in the STEM: Determination of materials properties on the atomic scale"
"BRUINVIS(1989)",1989,"4A2","Fermi-Eyges theory,inclusion of range straggline","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,  491-507(1989)","Bruinvis,I.A.D.,Mathol,W.A.F.,Andreo,P.","Inclusion of electron range straggling in the Fermi-Eyges multiple-scattering theory"
"BRUNETTI(1998)",1998,"4C4","X-ray fluor spectra, continm removal","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 45,2281-2287(1998)","Brunetti,A.","Removal of the continuum of x-ray spectra using morphological operators"
"BRUNNER(1990)",1990,"4C4","XRF,Monte Carlo,absolute yields,NaI","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A290,183-188(1990)","Brunner,G.","Absolute fluorescence and scattering yields by Monte-Carlo calculations - NaI excited by 60 keV"
"BRUSA(1997)",1997,"1A","Compton scattering","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A379,167-175(1997)","Brusa,D.,Stutz,G.,Riveros,J.A.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Salvat,F.","Fast sampling algorithm for the simulation of photon Compton scattering"
"BRYDSON(1996)",1996,"4E8A","EELS/STEM,fine structure at edges(ELNES),internal interfaces","Journal","J. Phys. D 29,1699-1708(1996)","Brydson,R.","Multiple scattering theory applied to ELNES of interfaces"
"BRYDSON(2000)",2000,"4E8A","EELS(review),quantit analys,ELNES,EXELFS,spatially resolved","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Technol 16,1187-1198(2000)","Brydson,R.","A brief review of quantitative aspects of electron energy loss spectroscopy and imaging"
"BUCCI(2005)",2005,"4A1C","Radiation therapy advances, especially IMRT","Journal","CA Cancer J. Clin. 55,117-134(2005)","Bucci,M.K.,Bevan,A.,Roach,M.","Advances in radiation therapy: Conventional to 3D, to IMRT, to 4D, and beyond (review)"
"BUCHSBAUM(2005)",2005,"4A6","Radiotargeted gene therapy approach,radiolabeled peptides,etc.","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,  179S-186S(2005)","Donald J. Buchsbaum, Tandra R. Chaudhuri, Kurt R. Zinn","Radiotargeted gene therapy"
"BUCKLEY(2003)",2003,"4B06","Cavity theory,EGSnrc investigation,ion chamber simulation","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,1211-1218(2003)","Buckley,L.A.,Kawrakow,I.,Rogers,D.W.O.","An EGSnrc investigation of cavity theory for ion chambers measuring air kerma"
"BUCKMAN(1999)",1969,"1B","Transient negative ions (resonances),role in electron scattering","Journal","Aust. J. Phys. 52,473-491(1999)","Buckman,S.J.,Alle,D.T.,Bernnan,M.J.,Burrow,P.D.,Gibson,J.C.,Gulley,R.J.,Jacka,M.,Newman,D.S.,Rau,A.R.P.,Sullivan,J.P.,Trantham,K.W.","Role of negative ion resonance in electron scattering from atoms and molecules"
"BUDAK(2003)",2003,"4C4","Measured K-shell absorption jump factors by EDXRF","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 37,103-107(2003)","Budak,G.,Karabulut,A.,Ertugrul,M.","Determination of K-shell absorption jump factor for some elements using EDXRF technique"
"BUERMANN(2003)",2003,"4B06","Cavity chambers,correct for photon attenuation & scattering in walls","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,3581–3594(2003)","M.L Buermann, H-M. Kramer, I. Csete","Results supporting calculated wall correction factors for cavity chambers"
"BUERMANN(2006)",2006,"1A","Absolute x-ray absorption coeff measurements,3-10 keV,<1% accuracy","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,5125-5150(2006)","Buermann,L.,Grosswendt,B.,Kramer,H-M,Selbach,H-J,Gerlach,M.,Hoffmann,M.,Krumrey,M.","Measurement of the x-ray mass absorption coefficient of air using 3 keV to 10 keV synchrotron radiation"
"BUI(1993)",1993,"4C4","XRF,secondary excitation enhancement","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,  17-22(1993)","Bui,C.,Milazzo,M.,Sironi,C.","Simplified mathematical approach to XRF secondary excitation"
"BUNGARNER(1990)",1990,"4D1","AES,automated peak identification","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 8,2221-2225(1990)","Bumgarner,S.,Hofmeister,S.,Griffis,D.,Russell,P.","Automated peak identification applied to Auger electron spectroscopy"
"BUNYAVIROCH(2006)",2006,"4A5C","Application of PET to lung cancer","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 47,  451-469 (2006)","Tira Bunyaviroch, Edward Coleman","PET evaluation of lung cancer"
"BURCH(2000)",2000,"4C6","Imaging the Earth's magnetosphere","Journal","Space Sci Reviews   91,   1-14(2000)","Burch,J.L.","IMAGE mission overview"
"BURCH(2001)",2001,"4C6","Proton and electron auroras","Journal","Science 291,  619-624 (2001)","Burch,J.L.,Mende,S.B.,Mitchell,D.G.,Moore,T.E.,Pollock,C.J.,Reinisch,B.W.,Sandel,B.R.,Fuselier,S.A.,Gallagher,D.L.,Green,J.L.,Perez,J.D.,Reiff,P.H.","Views of earth's magnetosphere with the IMAGE satellite"
"BURCH(2003)",2003,"4C6","Global structure & behavior of plasmas in inner magnetosphere","Journal","Space Sci Reviews 109,   1-24(2003)","Burch,J.L.","The first two years of IMAGE"
"BURKE(1976)",1976,"4B07","Dose enhancement model","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 23,1838-1843(1989)","Burke,E.A.,Garth,J.C.","An algorithm for energy deposition at interfaces"
"BURKE(1979)",1979,"4B07","Energy deposition at interfaces below 10 keV,lithography application","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 26,4868-4870(1979)","Burke,E.A.,Garth,J.C.","Energy deposition by soft x-rays - an application to lithography for VLSI"
"BURKE(1989)",1989,"4B07","Dose enhancement (experiment)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 36,1890-1895(1989)","Burke,E.A.,Lowe,L.F.,Snowden,D.P.,Cappelli,J.R.,Mittleman,S.","The direct measurement of dose enhancement in gamma-test facilities"
"BURNS(1992)",1992,"4B06","Ion cham calib,replacemnt correction","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  209-210(1992)","Burns,J.E.","Chamber replacement correction in absorbed dose calibrations"
"BURNS(1995)",1995,"1C","Stopping power ratios,improved accuracy","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,  733-739(1995)","Burns,D.T.,Duane,S.,McEwen,M.R.","A new method to determine ratios of electron stopping powers to an improved accuracy."
"BURNS(1996)",1996,"4B06","Dosimetry standard","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  383-388(1996)","Burns,D.T.,Ding,G.X.,Rogers,D.W.O.","R50 as a beam quality specifier for selecting stopping power ratios and reference depths for electron dosimetry"
"BURNS(2006)",2006,"4B09","Air kerma determination,used PENELOPE code","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,  929-942(2006)","Burns,D.T.","A new approach to the determination of air kerma using primary-standard cavity ionization chambers"
"BUSSING(1985)",1985,"4D1","XPS,concentration depth profiles","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 3,1973-1981(1985)","Bussing,T.D.,Holloway,P.H.","Deconvolution of concentration depth profiles from angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data"
"BUTSON(1996)",1996,"4B09","Dosimeter,MOSFET,surface doses","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  655-658(1996)","Butson,M.J.,Rozenfeld,A.,Mathur,J.N.,Carolan,M.,Wong,T.P.Y.,Metcalfe,P.E.","A new radiotherapy surface dose detector: the MOSFET"
"BUVAT(2005)",2005,"4A5C","Monte Carlo simulators in PET","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,  329-346(2005)","Buvat,I.,Castiglioni,I.,Feuardent,J.,Gilardi,M-C.","Unified description and validation of Monte Carlo simulators in PET"
"CADMAN(2005)",2005,"4A3B","IMRT,3D treatment planning syst,dose calc algorithm,beam-modeling","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 5,  74-86(2005)","Cadman,P.,McNutt,t.,Bzdusek,K.","Validation of physics improvements for IMRT with a commercial treatment-planning system"
"CAHILL(1980)",1980,"4E7","Valuable review of PIXE,proton microprobes","Journal","Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 30,311-352(1980)","Cahill,T.A.","Proton microprobes and particle-induced x-ray analytical systems"
"CAI(2003)",2003,"4B09","Dosimetry of ultrasoft x-rays,radiochromatic films","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,4111-4124(2003)","Cai,Z.,Pan,X.,Hunting,D.,Cloutier,P.,Lemay,R.,Sanche,L","Dosimetry of ultrasoft x-rays (1.5 keV Al-K-alpha) using radiochromatic films and colour scanners"
"CAILLER(1990A)",1990,"4D3","Sec. electron spectroscopy","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 4,  57-79(1990)","Cailler,M.,Ganachaud,J.","Secondary electron emission from solids. I. Secondary electron spectroscopy"
"CAILLER(1990B)",1990,"4D3","Sec. electron emission: theoretical","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 4,  81-110(1990)","Cailler,M.,Ganachaud,J.","Secondary electron emission from solids. II. Theoretical descriptions"
"CAMPBELL(1979)",1979,"4C4","Nice XRF,microanalysis review article","Journal","The Analyst 104,  177-195 (1979)","W.C.Campbell","Energy-dispersive x-ray emission analysis: A review"
"CAMPBELL(1989)",1989,"1A","X-ray coeff,various semi-empir models","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 18,235-242(1989)","Campbell,J.L.,DeForge,D.","Semi-empirical schemes for x-ray attenuation coefficients in the context of PIXE"
"CAMPBELL(2001)",2001,"4B10","Si(Li) lineshapes simulated w/MC & simplified models for electr transprt","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,230–241(2001)","Campbell,J.L.,McDonald,l.,Hopman,T.,Papp,T.","Simulations of Si(Li) x-ray detector response"
"CAMPOS(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,metal film thickness determination,PENELOPE simulations","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,253-259(2001)","Campos,C.S.,Coleoni,E.A.,Trincavelli,J.C.,Kaschny,J.,Hubbler, R.,Soares, M.R.F.,Vasconcellos, M.A.Z.","Metallic thin film thickness determination using electron probe microanalysis"
"CAMPOS(2002)",2002,"1B","L-shell x-ray production cross sections,W,Pt,Au(expt)","Journal","Phys. Rev. A66,012179[1-9](2002)","Campos,C.S.,Vasconcellos,M.A.Z.,Llovet,X.,Salvat,F.","Measurements of L-shell x-ray production cross sections of W, Pt, and Au by 10-30 keV electrons"
"CAMPOS(2004)",2004,"4C3","Thickness determination of Ge,Sn,Ag,Au thin films by EPMA","Journal","Microchim. Acta 145,  13-17(2004)","Campos,C.S.,Vasconcellos,M.A.Z.,Llovet,X.,Salvat,F.","Thickness determination of ultra-thin films on Si substrates by EPMA"
"CANTER(1984)",1984,"1B","Elastic scattering of 30-300 eV positrons differs from electrons","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 2,  916-921(1984)","Canter,K.F.,Lynn,K.G.","Differences between positrons and electrons in elastic and inelastic processes at surfaces"
"CAON(1998)",1998,"4C2","X-ray spectrum calculation,4 codes","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,1021-1027(1998)","Caon,M.,Bibbo,G.,Pattison,J.,Bhat,M.","The effect on dose to computed tomography phantoms of varying the theoretical x-ray spectrum: a comparison of 4 diagnostic x-ray spectrum calculating codes"
"CAON(2004)",2003,"4A5A","3-D models of human anatomy developed from tomography","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 42:229-235(2004)","Caon,M.","Voxel-based computational models of real human anatomy: a review"
"CAREW(2005)",2005,"4C4","XRF,calcium in bone","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,498-501(2005)","Carew,S.E.,Gustaldo,J.,Roels,H.A.,O'Meara,J.M.,Chettle,D.R.","Development of a K-shell x-ray fluorescence measurement of calcium in bone"
"CARLSSON(1985)",1985,"2C","Energy deposition,transport theory","Journal","Radiat. Res. 104,455-460(1985)","Carlsson,G.A.","Absorbed dose and transport theory: comment on an absorbed dose equation in ICRU report 35 on electron dosimetry"
"CARLSSON(1997)",1997,"4E6","Proton pencil beams in water calc w/PTRAN MC code,analytic model","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,1033-1053(1997)","Carlsson,A.K.,Andreo,P.,Brahme,A.","Monte Carlo and analytical calculation of proton pencil beams for computerized treatment plan optimization"
"CARLSSON(1999)",1999,"4B06","Concept of energy imparted analyzed,patient dosimetry","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 50,   39-62(1999)","Carlsson,G.A.,Dance,D.R.,Persliden,J.,Sandborg,M.","Use of the concept of energy imparted in diagnostic radiology"
"CARLTON(2004)",2004,"4C3","Accuracy of quantitative EDS estimated w Cu/Au alloys of known comp","Journal","Scanning 26,167-174(2004)","Carlton,R.A.,Lyman,C.E.,Roberts,J.E.","Accuracy and precision of quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry in the environmental scanning electron microscope"
"CARR-BRION(1970)",1970,"4C4","XRF,X-ray fluoresence review article","Journal","Analyst   95,  977-991(1970)","Carr-Brion,K.G.,Payne,K.W.","X-ray fluorescence analysis: A review"
"CARRERAS(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,parameter refinement method,PRAXIS code","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,173-177(2002)","Carreras,A.,Bonetto,R.,Stutz,G.,Trincavelli,J.,Castellano,G.","Parameter refinement in the analysis of X-ray irradiated samples"
"CARRERAS(2005)",2005,"4C4","XRF,atomic parameter refinement,transition rates to L-shell,Yb,Hf,Ta","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,124-127(2005)","Carreras,A.,Trincavelli,J.,Bonetto,R.,Castellano,G.,","Determination of L-shell intensity ratios for Yb, Hf, and Ta by a parameter refinement method"
"CARRIER(2004)",2004,"2H","GEANT4,object-oriented, validation for medical physics applications","Journal","Med. Phys. 31, 484-492(2004)","Carrier,J.F.,Archambault,L.,Beaulieu,L.","Validation of GEANT4, an object-oriented Monte Carlo toolkit, for simulations in medical physics"
"CARTER(1997)",1997,"4C7","X-ray nanolithography,substrate photoelectrons","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B15,2509-2513(1997)","Carter,D.J.D.,Pepin,A;,Schweizer,M.R.,Smith,H.I.,Ocola,L.E.","Direct measurement of the effect of substrate photoelectrons in x-ray nanolithography"
"CASNATI(1982)",1982,"4C3","Empirical cross sect for electron prod of atomic K-shell vacancies","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 15, 155-167 (1982)","E. Casnati, A. Tartari,C. Baraldi","An empirical approach to K-shell ionisation cross section by electrons"
"CASNATI(1993)",1993,"1A","Photon interactions,expt,thick target","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44,1155-1160(1993)","Casnati,E.,Baraldi,C.,Tartari,A.,Singh,B.","Radiation enhancement factor in the measurement of interaction cross sections of 59.54 keV photons by thick targets"
"CASSON(1987)",1987,"4B09","Ion chamber,replacemnt corr factors","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 216-217(1987)","Casson,H.,Kiley,J.P.","Replacement correction factors for electron measurements with a parallel-plate chamber"
"CASTAING(1955)",1955,"4C3","Physical basis for x-ray microanalysis,phi(rho*z) method","Journal","Le Journal de Physique et le Radium 16,304-315(1955)","Castaing,R.,Descamps,J.","Sur les bases physique de l'analhse ponctuelle par spectographie X"
"CASTAING(1965A)",1965,"4C3","Phi(rho z) method","Conference","4th Int'l Conf on X-ray Optics and Microanalysis,p. 120-126(1965)","Castaing,R.,Henoc,J.","Repartiton en profondeur du rayonnement caracteristique (in French)"
"CASTAING(1965B)",1965,"4C3","Correction due to backscattered electrons","Conference","4th Int'l Conf on X-ray Optics and Microanalysis,p. 193-199(1965)","Castaing,R.,Derian,J.C.","Determination experimentale de la correction due aux electrons retrodiffuses (in French)"
"CASTELLANO(1998)",1998,"4C3","EPMA,ionization depth distribution model","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,293-298(1998)","Castellano,G.,Segui,S.,Trincavelli,J.","Ionization depth distribution in EPMA: Improvement of the random-walk model"
"CASTELLANO(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,K-shell intensity ratios,parameter refinement method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,184-187(2002)","Castellano,G.,Bonetto,R.,Trincavelli,J.,Vasconcellos,M.,Campos,C.","Optimization of K-shell intensity ratios in electron probe microanalysis"
"CASTLE(1977)",1977,"4D1","Review,XPS,comprehensice analytic technique for thin films on metals","Journal","Surf. Sci.   68, 583-602(1977)","J. E. Castle","The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in corrosion science (review)"
"CASTLE(1983)",1983,"4D1","AES,XPS,XRF,review,surface analysis,corrosion science","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 1,1013-1016(1983)","J. E. Castle","Simultaneous electron and x-ray analysis and its  application in corrosion science (review)"
"CASTLE(1986)",1986,"4D1","Reviews XPS,AES applications to corrosion science","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal.   9, 345-356 (1986)","J. E. Castle","The role of electron spectroscopy in corrosion science (review)"
"CASTLE(1999)",1983,"4D1","XPS,rules for recognition of carbon as a contamination overlayer","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 105, 245-256 (1999)","J. E. Castle","The feasibility of an XPS expert system demonstrated by a rule set for carbon contamination"
"CASTLE(2001)",2001,"4D1","Reviews nature of asymmetric backgrnd step assoc w most XPS peaks","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A19,1170-1175(2001)","J. E. Castle,A. M. Salvi","Interpretation of the Shirley background in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis"
"CASTLE(2002)",2002,"4D1","""Expert"" use of shake-up satellites, photoexcited Auger spectra in XPS","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 33,  196–202 (2002)","Castle,J.E.","A wizard source of expertise in XPS (review)"
"CASTLE(2004)",2004,"4D1","Summary of workshop dealing with an XPS ""expert system""","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  225-237(2004)","Castle,J.E.,Powell,C.J.","Report on the 34th IUVSTA Workshop 'XPS: From Spectra to Results - Towards an Expert System'"
"CASTLE(2007)",2007,"4D1","XPS,""rules"" for interpretation of spectra to be used in expert systems","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A25,     1-27(2007)","J. E. Castle","Module to guide the expert use of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy by corrosion scientists"
"CATALA(1995)",1995,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung spectra reconst","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,    3-10(1995)","Catala,A.,Francois,P.,Bonnet,J.,Scouarnec,C.","Reconstruction of 12-MV bremsstrahlung spectra from measured transmission data by direct resolution of the numeric system AF=T"
"CAZAUX(1985)",1985,"4D1","XPS,AES,radiation damage effect","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  20,457-471(1985)","Cazaux,J.","The influence of radiation damage (microscopic causes) on the sensitivity of Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"CAZAUX(1986)",1986,"4D4","Insulator charging by electron beams","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 59,1418-1430(1986)","Cazaux,J.","Some considerations on the electric field induced in insulators by electron bombardment"
"CAZAUX(1992A)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,Auger backscattering factor","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 3,271-286(1992)","Cazaux,J.","An expression for the Auger backscattering factor and the phi(0) function at oblique incidences"
"CAZAUX(1992B)",1992,"4C3","EPMA and Auger microscopy","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta   12,   37-52(1992)","Cazaux,J.","Auger microscopy and electron probe microanalysis"
"CAZAUX(1995)",1995,"4B11","Auger eff, insulator radiation damage","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 6,345-362(1995)","Cazaux,J.","The role of the Auger mechanism in the radiation-damage of insulators"
"CAZAUX(1996)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,insulator problems","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,265-280(1996)","Cazaux,J.","Electron probe microanalysis of insulating materials: quantification problems and some possible solutions"
"CAZAUX(1999A)",1999,"4D4","Sec. electron emission, insulators","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 85,1137-1147(1999)","Cazaux,J.","Some considerations on the secondary electron emission, 'delta', from e- irradiated insulators"
"CAZAUX(1999B)",1999,"4D1","Charging mechanisms of insulating materials (under XPS/AES)","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 105,155-185(1999)","Cazaux,J.","Mechanisms of charging in electron spectroscopy"
"CAZAUX(2000A)",2000,"4D1","More about charging mechanisms (under XPS)","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 113,  15-33(2000)","Cazaux,J.","About the charge compensation of insulating samples in XPS"
"CAZAUX(2000B)",2000,"4D4","Sec Elect Emiss","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 173-177(2000)","Jacques Cazaux","About the secondary electron emission Yield, d, from e- -Irradiated Insulators"
"CAZAUX(2001A)",2001,"4D4","Comparison between x-ray and electron-induced electron emission","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 89,8265-8272(2001)","Cazaux,J.","Correlation between the x-ray induced and the electron-induced electron emission yields of insulators"
"CAZAUX(2001B)",2001,"4D4","Modeling of secondary electron emission from insulators & applications","Journal","Polymer International 50,748-755(2001)","Cazaux,J.","Electron- and X-ray-induced electron emissions from insulators"
"CAZAUX(2002)",2002,"4D4","Analytic expressions for transport of low E electrons in insulators","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B192,381-392(2002)","Cazaux,J.","A new analytical approach for the transport and the emission yield of secondary electrons from insulators"
"CAZAUX(2004)",2004,"4B11","Mechanisms for chargin,discharging insulators in the SEM","Journal","Scanning 26,181-203(2004)","Cazaux,J.","Charging in scanning electron microscopy ""from inside and outside"""
"CAZAUX(2005)",2005,"4D4","Sec emiss yield from condensed rare gases,.05-3.0 keV","Journal","Phys. Rev. B71,035419(2005)(12 pages)","Cazaux,J.,Bozhko,Y.,Hilleret,N.","Electron-induced secondary electron emission yield from condensed rare gases: Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe"
"CAZAUX(2005A)",2005,"4D4","New analytical model for secondary electron emission yield, polymers","Journal","J. Phys. D 38,2433-2441(2005)","Cazaux,J.","A new model of dependence of secondary electron emission yield on primary electron energy for application to polymers"
"CAZAUX(2005B)",2005,"4E9","20 keV to 0.1–0.5 keV; take-off angle emission of sec electrons","Journal","J. Microsc. 217,16-35(2005)","J. CAZAUX","Recent developments and new strategies in scanning electron microscopy"
"CAZAUX(2006)",2006,"4D4","Secondary electron emisison model","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B244,307-322(2006)","Cazaux,J.","e-induced secondary electron emission yield of insulators and charging effects"
"CENGIZ(1994)",1994,"2C","Monte Carlo, electron range distrib","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  84,310-318(1994)","Cengiz,A.,Ozmutlu,C.","Range distribution of electrons"
"CENGIZ(2002)",2002,"1B","Electron inelastic scattering,inner shell ionization cross sections","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 65,    33-44(2002)","Cengiz,A.","Approximate inelastic scattering cross sections of electrons"
"CERRINA(2000)",2000,"4C7","x-ray lithography review,imaging,patterning","Journal","J. Phys. D 33,  103R-116R(2000)","Cerrina,F.","X-ray imaging: applications to patterning and lithography"
"CHAARI(1985)",1985,"3B","Electron transmission,incid angle eff","Journal","Vacuum 35,    75-78(1985)","Chaari,L.,Landron,C.,Toumi,A.","Incident angle effect of the primary beam upon the mean depth of electrons in a target"
"CHADSEY(1975)",1975,"3C","Energy depos,e-beam,low energy","Journal","IEEE Trans Elec Dev ED-20,   201-202(1975)","Chadsey,W.L.,Galloway,K.F.,Pease,R.L.","Comment on low-energy electron-beam energy deposition"
"CHADSEY(1978)",1978,"4B07","Simple model for estimation of x-ray dose enhancement","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 25,1591-1597(1978)","Chadsey,W.L.","X-ray dose enhancement"
"CHADWICK(1998)",1998,"4E6","Evaluation of neutron,proton, photonuclear cross-sections to 150 MeV","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 37,235-242(1998)","Chadwick,M.B.","Neutron, proton, and photonuclear cross-sections for radiation therapy and radiation protection"
"CHAKAROVA(1992)",1992,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,Co-60 pt source","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 40,  241-244(1992)","Chakarova,R.","Exposure buildup factors for a Co-60 point isotropic source for single and 2 layer slabs"
"CHAKAROVA(1996)",1996,"2B","Monte Carlo model,electron elastic scat","Journal","Surf. Sci. 351,303-308(1996)","Chakarova,R.","Monte-Carlo model of electron elastic-scattering in solids"
"CHALMERS(2003)",2003,"4E6","Proton,ion therapy tutorial","Journal","Physics World, August, 32-33(2003)","Chalmers,M.","How particle physics can be therapeutic"
"CHAMPION(2003)",2003,"4E5","Track structure,theoretical electron collision cross sectons in H2O","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,2147-2168(2003)","Champion,C.","Theoretical cross sections for electron collisions in water: structure of electron tracks"
"CHAMPION(2006)",2006,"4E5","Follow detailed positron history in water,PENELOPE code referenced","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,1707-1723(2006)","Champion,C.,Le Loirec,C.","Positron follow-up in liquid water: I. A new Monte Carlo track-structure code"
"CHAMPNESS(1982)",1982,"4C3","EPMA,thin films,simple method of obtaining weight fraction ratios","Journal","Ultramicroscopy     8,121-131(1982)","Champness,P.E.,Cliff,G.l.,Lorimer,G.W.","Quantitative analytical electron microscopy of metals and minerals"
"CHAN(1984)",1984,"4B10","MC program developed to determine energy response of X-ray detectors","Journal","Radiat. Res.  99,443-464(1984)","Chan,H.P.,Chen,C.T.,Doi,K.,Fewell,T.R.,Shuping,R.E.","Investigation of energy responses of germanium detectors and correction of measured spectra by means of Monte Carlo simulation"
"CHAN(1997A)",1997,"3E","Ioniz profile simulation,modeling","Journal","J. Trace Microprobe Techn 15,391-398(1997)","Chan,A.,Brown,J.D.","Simulation and modeling of thin film phi(pho*z) curves"
"CHAN(1997B)",1997,"4C2","X-ray generation,M.C.model","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,275-278(1997)","Chan,A.,Brown,J.D.","Modifications to a multiple scattering Monte Carlo model to predict x-ray generation curves"
"CHAN(1997C)",1997,"4C3","Microprobe analysis model, thin film phi(rho*z) curves","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,279-290(1997)","Chan,A.,Brown,J.D.","Simulation and modeling of thin film phi(rho*z)) curves for electron probe microanalysis"
"CHAOUI(2002)",2002,"4D3","Low energy transport in Al,Au (500-4000 eV), Monte Carlo","Journal","Phys. Let. A297,432-435(2002)","Chaoui,Z.,Bouarissa,N.","Monte Carlo simulation of slow electrons impinging on metals"
"CHAOUI(2004A)",2004,"3D","Scaling of MC generated electron implantation profiles,0.5-4 keV,Al,Au","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 221,114-119(2004)","Chaoui,Z.,Bouarissa,N.","Implantation profiles for low energy electrons in metals: scaling properties"
"CHAOUI(2004B)",2004,"4C1","Electron,positron backscattering analytically calculated","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 16,  799-808(2004)","Chaoui,Z.,Bouarissa,N.","Positron and electron backscattering from elemental solids in the 1-10 keV energy range"
"CHAOUI(2006)",2006,"4D3","Calculated straggling of 10 keV electrons,energy loss spectrum,Si","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  664-667(2006)","Chaoui,Z-E-A,Bichsel,H.","Straggling of fast electrons"
"CHAOUI(2006)",2006,"4C1","Simplified positron elastic scattering model,checked w MC backscatter","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 18,10303–10312(2006)","Chaoui,Z.","A simplified positron elastic scattering model for Monte Carlo calculations"
"CHAPMAN(1970)",1970,"4C6","Auroral physics,history,spectrum,morphology,particles causing,etc.","Journal","Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophysics 8,61-86(1970)","Chapman,S.","Auroral physics (review)"
"CHAPMAN(1983)",1983,"4C2","X-ray production,cross sections","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 12,153-160(1983)","Chapman,J.N.,Gray,C.C.,Robertson,B.W.,Nicholson,W.A.P.","X-ray production in thin films by electrons with energies between 40 and 100 keV. I. Bremsstrahlung cross sections"
"CHAPMAN(1984)",1984,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,thin film spectra","Journal","J. Microsc. 136,179-185(1984)","Chapman,J.N.,Nicholson,W.A.P.,Crozier,P.A.","Understanding thin film spectra (EMAS '98 Reference)"
"CHARLTON(1989)",1989,"4A6","Track codes used to model damage to DNA by direct action","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 56,   1-19(1989)","Charlton,D.E.,Nikjoo,H.,Humm,J.L.","Calculation of initial yields of single- and double-strand breaks in cell nuclei from electrons, protons and alpha particles"
"CHARLTON(1998)",1998,"4C1","Review,low energy positron beams,applications","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B143,  11-20(1998)","Charlton,M.","Review of positron beams"
"CHATTERJEE(1991",2000,"4E3","DNA strand breaks studied with theoretical model, function of LET","Journal","Int. J. Quantum Chem. 39,709-727(1991)","Chatterjee,A.,Holley,W.R.","Energy deposition mechanisms and biochemical aspects of DNA strand breaks by ionizing radiation"
"CHATTERJEE(1998)",1998,"1B","Elastic scattering cross sects,tabulation","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 51,  369(1998)","Chatterjee,B.K.,Das,M.,Roy,S.C.","Tabulations of elastic scattering cross sections of all elements 13<=Z,+100 in the energy range 50 keV to above 1000 keV"
"CHECHIK(2000)",2000,"4E5","Detectors,gas avalanche,single-charge,applications to nanodosimetry","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 47,1812-1818(2000)","Checkik,R.,Breskin,A.,Garty,G.,Shefer,E.,Singh,B.K.,Shchemelinin","Advances in single-charge detectors and their applications"
"CHEN(1980)",1980,"4C2","Detectors (Monte Carlo simulation studies),3 types","Journal","Med. Phys.  7, 627-635(1980)","Chen,C.S.,Doi,K.,Vyborny,C.,Chan,H.P.,Holje,G.","Monte Carlo simulation studies of detectors used in the measurement of diagnostic x-ray spectra"
"CHEN(1988)",1988,"4A1B","Central axis dose,analytic formula","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 407-409(1988)","Chen,F.S.","An analytical equation of electron-beams percentage depth ionization curve along the central axis"
"CHEN(1992A)",1992,"1B","Inelastic mfps vs attenuation lengths","Journal","J. Phys. D 25,  262-268(1992)","Chen,Y.F.,Kewi,C.M.,Tung,C.J.","Electron inelastic mean free paths versus attenuation lengths in solids"
"CHEN(1992B)",1992,"4E4","Microdosimetry,diagnostic x-rays","Journal","Radiat. Res. 132,271-276(1992)","Chen,J.,Roos,H.,Kellerer,A.M.","Microdosimetry of diagnostic x-rays: applications of the variance-covariance method"
"CHEN(1994A)",1994,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,obliq incid","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  51,  27-33(1994)","Chen,M.F.,Faw,R.E.","Build-up factors for gamma rays obliquely incident on slab shields of concrete, iron and lead"
"CHEN(1994B)",1994,"4E4","Microdosimetry of therapy e-beams","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,435-438(1994)","Chen,J.,Hahn,K.,Roos,H.,Kellerer,A.M.","Microdosimetry of therapy electron beams: measurements and Monte Carlo simulations"
"CHEN(1995A)",1995,"4B11","Insulator charging","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   7,1129-1137(1995)","Chen,H.,Gong,H.,Ong,C.K.","The charging behavior and internal electric-field of PMMA irradiated by a kilovolt electron-beam"
"CHEN(1995B)",1995,"4E8C","EPES, elastically backscattered electrons,Monte Carlo calculation","Journal","J. Phys. D 28,2163-2169(1995)","Chen,Y.F.,Kwei,C.M.,Su,P.","Angular distribution of electrons elastically backscattered from non-crystalline solid surfaces"
"CHEN(1995C)",1995,"4E8C","EPES,effect of surface excitations on inelast mfp","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A13,2665-2670(1995)","Chen,Y.F.","Effect of surface excitations in determining the inelastic mean free path by elastic peak electron spectroscopy"
"CHEN(1996A)",1996,"4E4","Computation of microdosimetric fns for sparsely ionizing radiations","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 35,263-266(1996)","Chen,J.,Nekola,E.,Kellerer,A.M.","A comparative study of microdosimetric properties of x-rays, gamma-rays and beta-rays"
"CHEN(1996B)",1996,"4D1","Deconvolution formula to obtain original no-loss XPS spectra","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 24,  490-496(1996)","Chen,Y.F.,Chen,Y.T.","Role of surface effects in the inelastic background of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"CHEN(1997A)",1997,"4D1","Photoelectrons,ang distrib,Monte Carlo","Journal","Phys. Rev. B55,  5478-5484(1997)","Chen,Y.F.","Angular distribution of photoelectrons emitted from noncrystalline solids"
"CHEN(1997B)",1997,"4D1","Monte Carlo simulation of photoelectron angular distribution","Journal","Surf. Sci. 380,199-209(1997)","Chen,Y.,-F.","Monte Carlo simulation of photoelectron angular distribution"
"CHEN(1998)",1998,"4C7","Model to examine parameters affecting overall lithographic system","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B16,3485-3490(1998)","Chen,A.C.","Overlay modeling for proximity x-ray lithography"
"CHEN(1998A)",1998,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence,monoch. microprobe","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 84,1064-1073(1998)","Chen,Z.W.,Wittry,D.B.","Microanalysis by monochromatic microprobe x-ray fluorescence - physical basis, properties, and future prospects"
"CHEN(1998B)",1999,"4E8B","Inelastic cross sects from REELS","Journal","Phys. Rev. B58,  8087-8096(1998)","Chen,Y.F.","Derivation of inelastic-electron-scattering cross sections from quantitative analysis of reflection-electron-energy-loss spectra"
"CHEN(1998C)",1998,"1B","Inelastic scattering,diel response thry","Journal","Surf. Sci. 407,  73-81(1998)","Chen,Y.F.","Inelastic electron interactions in overlayers on substrates"
"CHEN(2001)",2001,"4A2","Model based on Fermi-Eyges theory,pencil beam algorithm","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,1735-1745(2001)","Chen,J.Z.,VanDyk,J.,Lewis,C.,Battista,J.J.","A two-source model for electron beams: Calculation of relative output factors"
"CHEN(2002)",2002,"4D1","XPS,angular distributions,surface effects,inelastic mfp calculated","Journal","Surf. Sci. 519,115-124(2002)","Chen,Y.F.","Surface effects on angular distributions in x-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy"
"CHEN(2004)",2004,"4C5","EBIC study,effects of grain boundary character,impurity contamination","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 96,5490-5495(2004)","Chen,J.,Sekiguchi,T.,Yang,D.,Yin,F.,Kido,K.,Tsurekawa,S.","Electron-beam-induced current study of grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon"
"CHENG(1996)",1996,"4A3A","3-D electron beam dose,treatment planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  685-693(1996)","Cheng,A.,Harms,W.B.,Gerber,R.l.,Wong,J.W.,Purdy,J.A.","Systematic verification of a three-dimensional electron beam dose calculation algorithm"
"CHENG(2003)",2003,"4A4","Radiation processing of polymers (review)","Conference","14 ANTEC 2003 Plastics Annual Technical Conferences","Cheng,S.,Kerluke,D.R.","Radiation processing for modification of polymers"
"CHENGJUN(2003)",2003,"4A2","Hybrid electron pencil-beam model,Fermi-Eyges + bipartition model","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,  415-423(2003)","Chengjun,G.,Zhangwen,W.,Zhengming,L.,Jette,D.","Three-dimensional electron dose calculation using an improved hybrid pencil beam model"
"CHERKASHININ(1995)",1995,"4D1","XPS,concentration depth profiles","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  74,  67-75(1995)","Cherkashinin,G.Y.","Inverse problem: The concentration depth profile of elements from ARXPS data"
"CHERNYAK(1996)",1996,"4C5","EBIC,minority carrier diffusion length in epitaxial GaN layers","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 69,2531-2533(1996)","Chernyak,L.,Osinshky,A.,Temkin,H.,Yang,J.W.,Chen,Qu.,Asif Khan,M.","Electron beam induced current measurements of minority carrier diffusion length in gallium nitride"
"CHERNYAK(2000)",2000,"4C5","EBIC study of GaN,minority hole diffusion length found","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 77,2695-2697(2000)","Chernyak,L.,Osinshky,A.,Nootz,G.,Schulte,A.,Jasinski,J.,Benamara,M.,Liliental-Weber,Z.,Look,D.C.,Molnar,R.J.","Electron beam and optical depth profiling of quasibulk GaN"
"CHERRY(2006)",2006,"4A5C","Major advances in PET technology reviewed","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 47, 1735-1745(2006)","Simon R. Cherry","Of mice and men (and positrons)—advances in PET imaging technology (2006 Henry N. Wagner Lecture):"
"CHESTA(1998)",1998,"4B03","Beta emitting isotopes,producing characteristic x-rays","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B145,459-468(1998)","Chesta,M.A.,Plivelic,T.S.,Mainardi,R.T.","Characteristic x-rays induced by electrons and positrons from beta-emitting radioisotopes"
"CHETTLE(2005)",2005,"4C4","XRF,lead in bone,100Cd excited K x-ray fluorescence most adopted","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,446-450(2005)","Chettle,D.R.","Three decades of in vivo x-ray fluorescence of lead in bone"
"CHETTY(2002A)",2002,"2H","DPM Monte Carlo code, benchmarking","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,1035-1041(2002)","Chetty,I.J.,Moran,J.M.,McShan,D.L.,Fraass,B.A.,Wilderman,S.J.,Bielajew,A.F.","Benchmarking of the Dose Planning Method (DPM) Monte Carlo code using electron beams from a racetrack microtron"
"CHETTY(2002B)",2002,"4A3A","DPM code experimental validation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,1837-1851(2002)","Chetty,I.J.,Moran,J.M.,Nurushev,T.S.,McShan,D.L.,Fraass,B.A.,Wilderman,S.J.,Bielajew,A.F.","Experimental validation of the DPM Monte Carlo code using minimally scattered electron beams in heterogeneous media"
"CHETTY(2003)",2003,"4A1A","DPM,photon dose calcs accurate even w/large lateral electron disequil","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,  563-573(2003)","Chetty I.J.,Charland,P.M.,Tyagi,N,McShan,D.L,Fraass,B.A.,Bielajew,A.F.","Photon beam relative dose validation of the DPM Monte Carlo code in lung-equivalent media"
"CHEUNG(2006)",2006,"4B10","Quantum efficiency of photon counting detectors,metrology","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A567, 100-103(2006)","Cheung, J.Y.,Chunnilalla.C.J.,Fox,N.P.","Detecting photons: Properties and challenges ."
"CHEVALLIER(1996)",1996,"4C4","X-ray microprobes (review)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B113,122-127(1996)","Chevallier,P.,Dhez,P.,Erko,A.,Firsov,A.,Legrand,F.,Populus,P.","X-ray microprobes"
"CHIBANI(1994)",1994,"1C","Multiple scattering distr for Monte Carlo","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  94,   1-10(1994)","Chibani,O.,Patau,J.P.","New electron multiple-scattering distributions for Monte-Carlo transport simulation"
"CHIBANI(1995A)",1995,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46,1317-1331(1995)","Chibani,O.","Electron dose distributions from point sources in water, aluminum, iron, and lead"
"CHIBANI(1995B)",1995,"3C","E-beam dose-depth,GEPTS M.C. calc","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B101,357-378(1995)","Chibani,O.","Electron depth-dose distributions in water, iron and lead: the GEPTS system"
"CHIBANI(1998)",1998,"1C","Energy loss distribution (Vavilov)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 45,2288-2292(1998)","Chibani,O.","New algorithms for the Vavilov distribution calculation and the corresponding energy loss sampling"
"CHIBANI(2001)",2001,"4B1","Improved point isotropic photon exposure buildup factors calc by MC","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 137,215-225(2001)","Chibani,O.","New photon exposure buildup factors"
"CHIBANI(2002A)",2002,"2H","Monte Carlo - expt dose comparisons","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,  835-847(2002)","Chibani,O.,Li,X.A.","Monte Carlo dose calculations in homogeneous media and at interfaces: A comparison between GEPTS, EGSnrc, MCNP, and measurements"
"CHIBANI(2002B)",2002,"2B","Monte Carlo energy-loss straggling algorithms","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,2374-2383(2002)","Chibani,O.","Energy-loss straggling algorithms for Monte Carlo electron transport"
"CHIBANI(2003)",2003,"2B","Monte Carlo code for intravascular brachytherapy","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,    44-51(2003)","Chibani,O.,Li,A.X.","IVBTMC, a new general dose calculation tool for intravascular brachytherapy"
"CHIBANI(2007)",2007,"2H","GEPTS MC code,10 MV photon beam,calculations vs measurements","Journal","Med. Phys. 34,1206-1216 (2007)","Omar Chiban, C.-M. Charlie Ma","On the discrepancies between Monte Carlo dose calculations and measurements for the 18  MV Varian photon beam"
"CHILTON(1980)",1980,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,point sources","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  73,  97-107(1980)","Chilton,A.B.,Eisenhauer,C.M.,Simmons,G.L.","Photon point source buildup factors for air, water, and Iron"
"CHO(1999)",1999,"4B03","Beta-ray backscattering,dose backscatter factor,M.C. calcs","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,    13-26(1999)","Cho,S.H.,Reece,W.D.","Monte Carlo calculations of the dose backscatter factor for monoenergetic electrons"
"CHO(2000)",2000,"4A1","Photon,electron beam calibration protocols,TG-51,TG-21","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 1,108-115(2000)","Cho,S.H.,Lowenstein,J.R.,Balter,P.A., Wells, N. H.,Hanson, W. F.","Comparison between TG-51 and TG-21: Calibration of photon and electron beams in water using cylindrical chambers"
"CHO(2003)",2003,"4A1A","Dosimetric characteristics of a linear accelerator - photon beams","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 4,300-306(2003)","Cho,S.H.,Ibbott,G.S.","Reference photon dosimetry data: A preliminary study of in-air off-axis factor, percentage depth dose, and output factor of the Siemens Primus linear accelerator"
"CHO(2004)",2003,"4B03","Dose around spherical sources calc by MCNP 4C,DPK methods;","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 69,  265-272(2004)","Cho,S.H.,Reece,W.D.,Kim,C.-H.","Validity of two simple rescaling methods for electron/beta dose point kernels in heterogeneous source-target geometry"
"CHO(2005)",2005,"4A1A","Refer photon dosimetry data,6 MV photon beam,Varian 2100 series","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,  137-148(2005)","Cho,S>Y.,Vassiliev,O.N.,lee,S.,Liu,H.H.,Ibbott,G.S.,Mohan,R.","Reference photon dosimetry data and reference phase space data for the 6 MV photon beam from Varian Clinac 2100 series linear accelerators"
"CHOW(2003)",2003,"2E","Photon arc dose distrib by 3 methods: MC,pencil beam,collapsed cone","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,2686-2694(2003)","Chow,J.C.,Wong,E.,Chen,J.Z.,Van Dyk,J.","Comparison of dose calculation algorithms with Monte Carlo methods for photon arcs"
"CHRIST(2002)",2002,"4B09","Plane-parallel ion chambers, dosimetry protocols","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,  N121-N126(2002)","Christ,G.,Dohm,O.S.,Bruggmoser,G.,Schule,E.","The use of plane-parallel chambers in electron dosimetry without any cross-calibration"
"CHUGG(1999)",1999,"3C","Charge,dose deposition in spacecraft","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 56,  259-266(1999)","Chugg,A.,Randall,G.","Modeling the charge and dose deposition at electronic devices within spacecraft"
"CHUI(1988)",1988,"4A1","Pencil beam kernels,deconvol method","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 138-144(1988)","Chui,C.S.,Mohan,R.","Extraction of pencil beam kernels by the deconvolution method"
"CHUI(2001)",2001,"4A3A","IMRT delivery,comparison of dynamic and segmental methods","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,2441-2449(2001)","Chui,C-S,Chan,M.F.,Yorke,E.,Spirou,S.,Ling,C.C.","Delivery of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with a conventional multileaf collimator: Comparison of dynamic and segmental methods"
"CHUNG(1974)",1974,"4D3","Analytic expression for energy-dep mfp,eneryg distrib of sec. electrons","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 45,  707-709(1974)","Chung,M.S.,Everhart,T.E.","Simple calculation of energy distribution of low-energy secondary electrons emitted from metals under electron bombardment"
"CHUNG(1991)",1991,"4B03","M.C.codes,beta skin dose calcs","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 38, 936-941(1991)","Chung,M.,Foderaro,A.H.,Jester,W.A.,Levine,S.H.","Microcomputer Monte Carlo electron transport codes for beta skin dose calculations"
"CHUTOPA(2003)",2003,"4D3","Sec. emiss yields from Al,due to Ti,Cu,C ions","Journal","IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 31,1095-1099(2003)","Chutopa,Y.,Yotsombat,B.,Brown,I.G.","Measurement of secondary electron emission yields"
"CHVETSOV(2000)",2000,"4A2","Previous model extended,energy-loss straggling,sec knock-ons","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,2913-2930(2000)","Chvetsov,A.V.,Sandison,G.A,Yeboah,C.","The energy-dependent electron loss model for pencil beam dose kernels"
"CHVETSOV(2002)",2002,"4A1B","Electron beams,reconstruction of electron spectra","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,  578-591(2002)","Chvetsov,A.V.,Sandison,G.A.","Reconstruction of electron spectra using singular component decomposition"
"CHVETSOV(2003)",2003,"4A1B","Effect of large angle scattering on electron beam energy spectra","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,2155-2158(2003)","Chvetsov,A.V.,Sandison,G.A.","Angular correction in reconstruction of electron spectra from depth dose distributions"
"CHVETSOV(2005)",2005,"4A3B","IMRT,new regularization algorithm,reduces nonphysical oscillations","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,  501-514(2005)","Chvetsov,A.V.,Calvetti,D.,Sohn,J.W.,Kinslla,T.J.","Regularization of inverse planning for intensity-modulated radiotherapy"
"CICCARELLI(1977)",1977,"4C4","Spectral distribution of X-ray tubes for XRF","Journal","Anal. Chem. 49,  345-346(1977)","Ciccarelli,M.F.","QUAN - a computer program for quantitative x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"CIESIELSKI(1989)",1989,"4B07","Dose enhancement at 15 MVp by Pb,Al,and lucite","Journal","Med. Phys. 16, 609-613(1989)","Ciesielski,B.,Reinstein,L.E.,Wielopoiski,L.,Meek,A.","Dose enhancement in buildup region by lead, aluminum, and lucite absorbers for 15 MVp photon beam"
"CLAIRAND(1999)",1999,"2H","DOSE3D,calcs 3D dose in phantoms,combinatorial geometry used","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 40,1517-1523 (1999)","Isabelle Clairand, Marcel Ricard, Jean Gouriou, Mireille Di Paola,Bernard Aubert","DOSE3D:EGS4 Monte Carlo code-based software for internal radionuclide dosimetry"
"CLELAND(2002)",2002,"4A4","Electron beam processing, dose & charge distributions","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63,  729-733(2002)","Cleland,M.,Galloway,R.Genin,F.,Lindholm,M.","The use of dose and charge distributions in electron beam processing"
"CLELAND(2003A)",2003,"4A4","Brief reviews of variety of successful radiation processing applications","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B208,  66-73(2003)","Cleland,M.R.,Parks,L.A.,Cheng,S.","Applications for radiation processing of materials"
"CLERI(1990)",1990,"2H","ACCEPT code,low-energy photon scattering simulations","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A295,231-240(1990)","Cleri,F.","Low-energy photon scattering simulations with the Monte Carlo code ACCEPT"
"COBUT(1998)",1998,"4E5","Electron track simulation","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 51,  229-243(1998)","Cobut,V.,Frongillo,Y.,Patau,J.P.,Goulet,T.,Fraser,M.J.,Jay-Gerin,J.P.","Monte Carlo simulation of fast-electron and proton tracks in liquid water: I. Physical and physicochemical aspects"
"COBUT(2004)",2004,"2B","New Monte Carlo code valid for very thin slabs, hi Z materials","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B215,  57-68(2004)","Cobut,V.,Cirioni,L.,Patau,J.P.","Accurate transport simulation of electron tracks in the energy range 1 keV - 4 MeV"
"COLEMAN(1992)",1992,"4C1","Positron backscattering,elements","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   4,10311-10322(1992)","Coleman,P.G.,Albrecht,L.,Jensen,K.O.,Walker,A.B.","Positron backscattering from elemental solids"
"COLEMAN(1993)",1993,"4C1","Implantation profile measurments,median implantation depths","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   5,8117-8128(1993)","Coleman,P.G.,Baker,J.A.,Chilton,N.B.","Experimental studies of positron stopping in matter: the binary sample method"
"COLEMAN(2002A)",2002,"4D2","Surface physics w slow positrons,review,PAES,positronium(Ps)","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 194,264-270(2002)","Coleman,P.G.","Surface physics with slow positron beams"
"COLEMAN(2002B)",2002,"4C1","Evolution of positron beam technology,defect spectroscopy in semic","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B192,   83-89(2002)","Coleman,P.G.","Positron beams: The journey from fundamental physics to industrial application"
"COLEMAN(2005)",2005,"4A2","MC,FEH algorithm used to calc. electron dose distrib in normal tissue","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 61,  621-628(2005)","Coleman,J.,Park,C.,Villarreal-Barajas,J.E.,Petti,P.,Farragon,B.","A comparison of Monte Carlo and Fermi-Eyges-Hogstrom estimates of heart and lung dose from breast electron boost treatment"
"COLETTI(1995)",1995,"4B09","Special free-air ionization chamber designed for mammography","Journal","Rev. Sci. Instr. 66,2574-2577(1995)","Coletti,J.G.,Pearson,D.W.,DeWerd,L.A.","Mammography exposure standard: design and characterization of fee-air ionization chamber"
"COLETTI(1997)",1997,"4B09","Free-air ionization chamber comparison","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,1263-1267(1997)","Coletti,J.G.,Pearson,D.W.,Dewerd,L.A.,O'Brien,C.M.,Lamperti,P.J.","Comparison of exposure standards in the mammography x-ray region"
"COLLIEX(1991)",1991,"4E8A","EELS review, applics to mater sci. Instrumentation,fine structure","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 2,403-411(1991)","Colliex,C.","The impact of EELS in materials science (review)"
"CONNY(1998)",1998,"4D1","Test of computer-based, data analysis procedures used w/instruments","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  939-956(1998)","Conny,J.M.,Powell,C.J.Powell,Currie,L.A.","Standard test data for estimating peak-parameter errors in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Peak binding energies"
"COOK(2000)",2000,"4A5C","PET,review,as used in clinical oncology,bone metastases","Journal","Cancer 88,2927-2933(2000)","Cook,G.J.R.,Fogelman,I.","The role of positron emission tomography in the management of bone metastases"
"COOK(2003)",2003,"4A5C","No abstract","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 76,S152-S158(2003)","Cook,G.J.R.","Oncological molecular imaging: nuclear medicine techniques"
"COOK(2004A)",2004,"4A5C","PET in the management of bone metaphases (survey)",,"Discussion in PET Imaging (2004),4 pages","Cook,G.J.R.","PET in the management of bone metaphases"
"COOK(2004B)",2004,"4A5C","Pitfalls and artifacts in (18)FDG PET and PET/CT oncologic imaging","Journal","Semin. Nucl. Med. 34,122-133(2003)","Cook,G.J.R.,Wegner,E.A.,Fogelman,I.","Pitfalls and artifacts in (18) FDG PET and PET/CT oncologic imaging"
"CORKISH(     )",,"4C5","EBIC,quantitative analysis,profiles of grain boundaries in solar cells",,"Found on web - http://www.pv.unsw.edu.au/2ndworld/corkish_quan.pdf","Corkish,R.,Sproul,A.B.,Puzzer,T.,Altermatt,P.P.,Heiser,G.,Luke,K.I.","Quantitative analysis of electron-beam-induced-current profiles of grain boundaries in multicrystalline solar cells"
"CORKISH(1997)",1997,"4C5","EBIC,analysis,simulation: response near grain boundaries in solar cells","Conference","Proc of Solar '97,paper 108 (Microelectr. Engin 16,513),1997","Corkish,R.,Puzzer,T.,Sproul,A.B.Luke,K.I.,Heiser,G.","Electron-beam-induced current studies of grain boundaries in solar cells"
"CORKISH(1998)",1998,"4C5","EBIC material parameters from a contrast profile,vertical grain boundary","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 84,5473-5481(1998)","Corkish,R.,Puzer,T.,Sproul,A.B.,Luke,K.L.","Quantitative interpretation of electron-beam-induced current grain boundary contrast profiles with application to silicon"
"COSSLETT(1964A)",1964,"3B","Electron transmission,5-30 keV","Journal","Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 15,  883-907(1964)","Cosslett,V.E.,Thomas,R.N.","Multiple scattering of 5-30 keV electrons in evaporated metal films I. Total transmission and angular distribution"
"COSSLETT(1964B)",1964,"3B","Electron transmission,5-30 keV","Journal","Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 15,1283-1300(1964)","Cosslett,V.E.,Thomas,R.N.","Multiple scattering of 5-30 keV electrons in evaporated metal films  II: Range-energy relations"
"COSSLETT(1965)",1965,"3A","Early electron backscattering measurements,5-30 keV","Journal","Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 16,  779-796(1965)","Cosslett,V.E.,Thomas,R.N.","Multiple scattering of 5-30 keV electrons in evaporated metal films  III. Backscattering and absorption"
"COSSLETT(1966)",1966,"3B","Electron transmission & energy loss","Book","""The Electron Microprobe"",Wiley,1966, p248-268","Cosslett,V.E.,Thomas,R.N.","Penetration and energy loss of electrons in solid targets"
"COTRUTZ(1998)",1998,"4A3A","Treatment planning system","Journal","Comput. Meth. Progr. Biomed. 56,261-272(1998)","Cotrutz,C.,Kappas,C.,Theodorakos,Y.,Makris,C.,Mohan,R.","Development in a windows environment of a radiation treatment planning system for personal computers"
"COUDIN(1998)",1998,"4B09","Dosimetry,kilovolt x-ray,comparisons","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  347-353(1998)","Coudin,D.,Marinello,G.","Lithium borate TLD for determining the backscatter factors for low-energy x rays: Comparison with chamber-based and Monte Carlo derived values"
"COULOT(2003)",2003,"4B03","Monte Carlo beta-ray dose calc,EGS,internal radiotherapy","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,2591-2602(2003)","Coulot,J.,Ricard,M.,Aubert,B.","Validation of the EGS usercode DOSE3D for internal beta dose calculation at the cellular and tissue levels"
"COUMANS(2002)",2002,"4C6","Auroral observations: protons can locally dominate the electrons","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.107, A11,1347,1-12(2003)","Coumans,V.,Gerard,J.C.,Hubert,B.,Evans,D.S.","Electron and proton excitation of the FUV aurora; Simultaneous IMAGE and NOAA observations - art. no. 1347"
"COUMANS(2004)",2004,"4C6","Calculated conductivitites induced by auroral proton,electron ionization","Journal","Annales Geophysicae 22,1595-1611(2004)","Coumans,V.,Gerard,J.C.,Hubert,B.,Meurant,M,Mende,S.B.","Global auroral conductance distribution due to electron and proton precipitation from IMAGE-FUV observations"
"COURSEY(2000)",2002,"4B03","Clinical brachytherapy,prostate seed th,intravascular,pharmaceuticals","Journal","Physics Today,pp 25-30 (April 2000)","Coursey,B.M.,Nath,R.","Radionuclide therapy (tutorial)"
"COUTURE(1996)",1996,"4C4","XRF,correction method for abs edges,secondary fluorescence","Journal","American Mineralogist 81,639-650(1996)","Couture,R.A.,Dymek,R.F.","A reexamination of absorption and enhancement effects in X-ray fluorescence trace element analysis"
"COX(1988)",1988,"4B10","Detectors, Ge, x-ray response","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 35,   28-32(1988)","Cox,C.E.,Lowe,B.G.,Sareen,R.A.","Small area high purity germanium detectors for use in the energy range 100 eV to 100 keV"
"CRAMER(2001)",2001,"2F","Exact MC comparisons with analytic solutions in 1-D,2-D,3-D","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 139,186-208(2001)","Cramer,S.N.","Analytic radiation transport systems and Monte Carlo benchmarks"
"CRANMER-SARGISON(2004)",2004,"4A2","Convolution algorithm & MC calcs,photon beams,water/lung","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,1557-1567(2004)","Cranmer-Sargison,G.,Beckham,W.A.,Popescu,I.A.","Modeling an extreme water-lung interface using a single pencil beam algorithm and the Monte Carlo method"
"CRAWFORD(1991)",1991,"4B03","Beta-ray dose, Monte Carlo","Journal","Health Phys. 61,641-645(1991)","Crawford,O.H.,Turner,J.E.,Hamm,R.N.,Ashley,J.C.","Effects of the tissue-air interface in calculations of beta-particle skin dose at a depth of 70 micrometers"
"CRAWFORD(1994)",1994,"4E4","Beta ray microdosimetric spectra calcs","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,  81-84(1994)","Crawford,O.H.,Turner,J.E.,Hamm,R.N.,Ritchie,R.H.,Ashley,J.C.","Calculations of microdosimetric spectra for beta particles at a water-air interface"
"CRAWFORD(1995)",1995,"2A","Charged particle penetration","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  96,441-447(1995)","Crawford,O.H.","Contributions of R. H. Ritchie to the understanding of charged particle penetration phenomena"
"CREMONESI(2006)",2006,"4A6","Review of the potential of targeted therapy with radiolabeled peptides","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 47,1467-1475(2006)","Marta Cremonesi, Mahila Ferrari, Lisa Bodei, Giampiero Tosi, Giovanni Paganelli","Dosimetry in peptide radionuclide receptor therapy: A review"
"CREW(1961)",1961,"2C","Spencer-Lewis eq,pt source,moments method,energy dep,.4 MeV","Journal","J. Res. Natl. Bureau Standards.65A,113-116(1961)","Crew,J.E.","Calculated energy dissipation distribution in air by fast electrons from a gun source"
"CRISS(1968)",1968,"4C4","Correcting matrix effects;empiricl coefs,fundamental params compared","Journal","Anal. Chem. 40,1080-1086(1968)","Criss,J.W.,Birks,L.S.","Calculation methods for fluorescent x-ray spectrometry. Empirical coefficients versus fundamental parameters"
"CRISS(1978)",1978,"4C4","XRF analysis program combining fundamental params,empir coeffs","Journal","Anal. Chem. 50,    33-37(1978)","Criss,J.W.,Birks,L.S.,Gilfrich,J.V.","Versatile X-ray analysis program combining fundamental parameters and empirical coefficients"
"CRISS(2000)",2000,"4C4","Review, fundamental parameter approaches",,"Criss Software,Inc.,12204 Blaketon St, Largo MD 20774  - (301) 749-7522","Criss,J.","Some mathematical physics and computational approaches for quantitative XRF analysis"
"CRITCHFIELD(1996)",1996,"4C2","X-ray generation,calibration","Journal","Proc. RADSCON '96,47-54(1996)","Critchfield,K.,Chavez,J.R.,Kemp,W.T.,Pelzl,R.M.","Calibration and transport techniques for a low energy x-ray radiation source"
"CROSS(1991)",1991,"4B03","Beta-ray dose distributions","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  35,  77-91(1991)","Cross,W.G.,Wong,P.Y.,Freedman,N.O.","Dose distributions for electrons and beta-rays incident normally on water"
"CROSS(1992)",1992,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Health Phys. 63,160-171(1992)","Cross,W.G.,Freedman,N.O.,Wong,P.Y.","Beta-ray dose distributions from point sources in an infinite water medium"
"CROSS(1997)",1997,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  69,  85-96(1997)","Cross,W.G.","Empirical expressions for beta-ray point-source dose distributions"
"CRUISE(2003)",2003,"2H","Computationally efficient Monte Carlo, electron dose","Conference","Nuclear Mathematical and Computational Sciences: A Century in Review, A Century Anew, Gatlinburg,TN,Paper #11, 11 pages (2003)","Cruise,R.B.,Sheppard,R.W.,Moskvin,V.P.","Parallelization of the PENELOPE Monte Carlo particle transport simulation package"
"CSERNY(2000)",2000,"4D1","Auger spectra,electron scattering correction","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 29,  126-130(2000)","Cserny,K.,Werner,W.S.M.,Stori,H.,Kover,L.","Electron scattering correction of x-ray-excited Ni and Cu KLL Auger spectra emitted form thin and thick metallic samples"
"CSETE(1992)",1992,"4C4","K fluor x-ray production, spectr measmnts","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 43, 767-776(1992)","Csete,I.","Production of fluorescent x-rays from 8 to 100 keV"
"CUCINOTTA(1998)",1998,"4D3","Track model extended to describe distrib of electron spectra w distance","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 37,259-265(1998)","Cucinotta,F.A.,Katz,R.,Wilson,J.W.","Radial distribution of electron spectra from high-energy ions"
"CUCINOTTA(1999)",1999,"4E5","Review of amorphous track model,cell response to gamma-rays,ions","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,  81-92(1999)","Cucinotta,F.A.,Nikjoo,H.,Goodhead,D.T.","Applications of amorphous track models in radiation biology"
"CUCINOTTA(2000)",2000,"4E5","Model of freq distribs for energy imparted in small volumes by hi E ions","Journal","Radiat. Res. 153,459-468(2000)","Cucinotta,F.A.,Nikjoo,H.,Goodhead,D.T.","Model for radial dependence of frequency distributions for energy imparted in nanometer volumes from HZE particles"
"CUCINOTTA(2001)",2001,"4A7","Space radiation risk assessment,can molecular biology,genetics help?","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:    5-12(2001)","Cucinotta,F.A.","Once we know all the radiobiology we need to know, how can we use it to predict space radiation risks and achieve fame and fortune?"
"CUCINOTTA(2003)",2003,"4A6","Parameters,models relate particle energy dep to biological outcomes","Journal","Gravit Space Biol Bull. 16,11-18(2003)","Cucinotta,F.A.,Wu,H.,Shavers,M.R.,George,K.","Radiation dosimetry and biophysical models of space radiation effects"
"CUI(1998)",1998,"4C7","e-beam lithography,Monte Carlo simul,topographical substrate","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 41/42,175-178(1998)","Cui,Z.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron beam lithography on topographical substrates"
"CULLEN(1993)",1993,"1A","ENDF/B-VI photon interaction library","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44,1343-1347(1993)","Cullen,D.E.,Perkins,S.T.,Seltzer,S.M.","Photon and electron databases and their use in radiation transport calculations"
"CULLEN(1995)",1995,"4B02","Photon transport,simple model","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B101,499-510(1995)","Cullen,D.E.","A simple model of photon transport"
"CULLEN(1997)",1997,"1A","Photon cross section library","Report","UCRL-50400,Vol. 6,Rev.5 (Sep 19,'97)","Cullen,D.E.,Hubbell,J.H.,Kissel,L.","EPDL97: the Evaluated Photon Data Library, '97 Version"
"CULLEN(1998A)",1998,"2A","M.C.codes,fast algorithms","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  349-350(1998)","Cullen,D.E.,Svatos,M.M.","A simple model of electron transport (abstract only)"
"CULLEN(1998B)",1998,"1A","Photon and electron data, a short invited paper","Report","UCRL-JC-133079, preprint (Oct 31,1998)","Cullen,D.E.","Photon and electron data for use in accelerator applications"
"CUMPSON(1992)",1992,"4D1","AES,XPS,random uncertainties","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 18,345-360(1992)","Cumpson,P.J.,Seah,M.P.","Random uncertainties in AES and XPS. 1. Uncertainties in peak energies, intensities and areas derived from peak synthesis"
"CUMPSON(1993)",1993,"4D1","AES/CPS,elast scatt,M.C. methods","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  727-741(1993)","Cumpson,P.J.","Elastic scattering corrections in AES and CPS. 1. 2 rapid Monte Carlo methods for calculating the depth distribution function"
"CUMPSON(1995)",1995,"4D1","Auger electrons,depth prof reconstr","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  73,  25-52(1995)","Cumpson,P.J.","Angle-resolved XPS and AES: depth-resolution limits and a general comparison of properties of depth profile reconstruction methods"
"CUMPSON(1997A)",1997,"4D1","AES/CPS,elast scatt,atten lengths","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  430-446(1997)","Cumpson,P.J.,Seah,M.P.","Elastic scattering corrections in AES and CPS. 2. Estimating attenuation lengths and conditions required for their valid use in overlayer/substrate experiments"
"CUMPSON(1997B)",1997,"4D1","AES/CPS,elast scatt,transport mfp","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  447-453(1997)","Cumpson,P.J.","Elastic scattering corrections in AES and CPS. 3. Behavior of electron-transport mean free path in solids for kinetic energies in the range 100eV<E<400 eV"
"CUMPSON(1999)",1999,"4D1","ARXPS,depth profiling,constraints on algorithms for calculating","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 144-145,  16-20(1999)","Cumpson,P.J.","Angle-resolved XPS depth-profiling strategies"
"CUMPSON(2001)",2001,"4D1","Estimation of IMFP's for organic materials","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,     23-34(2001)","Cumpson,P.J.","Estimation of inelastic mean free paths for polymers and other organic materials: use of quantitative structure-property relationships"
"CUNNINGHAM(1989)",1989,"4A3A","Treatment planning algorithms","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 16,1367-1376(1989)","Cunningham,J.R.","Development of computer algorithms for radiation treatment planning"
"CYGLER(1987)",1987,"4A1","2D electron pencil beam dose calcs","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 32,1073-1086(1987)","Cygler,J.,Battista,J.J.,Scrimger,J.W.,Mah,E.,Antolak,J.","Electron dose distributions in experimental phantoms: a comparison with 2D pencil beam calculations"
"CYGLER(2004)",2004,"4A3A","Verification of commercial e-beam MC treatment planning system","Journal","Med. Phys. 31, 142-153(2004)","Cygler,J.E.,Daskalov,G.M.,Chan,G.H.,Ding,G.X.","Evaluation of the first commercial Monte Carlo dose calculation engine for electron beam treatment planning"
"CYGLER(2005)",2005,"4A3A","Commercial Monte Carlo treatment planning code","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,1029-1034(2005)","Cygler,J.E.,Lochrin,C.,Daskalov,G.M.,Howard,M.,Zohr,R.,Esche,B.,Eapen,I.,Grimard,I.,Caudrelier,J.M.","Clinical use of a commercial Monte Carlo treatment planning system for electron beams"
"CZANDERNA(2003)",2003,"4D1","AES,XPS,ISS,etc.-work of ASTM committee E-42","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A21,  973-978(2003)","Czanderna,A.W.","Standards for surface analysis: ASTM committee E-42 on surface analysis"
"CZERMIN(2004)",2004,"4A5C","PET/CT imaging: An overview","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 45,     1S-3S (2004)","Johannes Czernin, Heinrich Schelbert,","PET/CT imaging: Facts, opinions, hopes, and questions (review)"
"CZERMIN(2007)",2007,"4A5C","Guidelines to implementation of PET","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 48,     2S-3S(2007)","Johannes Czernin ; Heinrich R. Schelbert","Introduction (PET/CT implementation)"
"CZYZEWSKI(1990)",1990,"1B","Mott elastic scatt cross sections","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 68,3066-3072(1990)","Czyzewshki,Z.,MacCallum,D.O.,Romig,A.,Joy,D.C.","Calculations of Mott scattering cross section"
"DA ROSA(1999)",1999,"4E4","Interface dose,soft tissue-gold,x-rays","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  85,433-436(1999)","da Rosa,L.A.R.,Seidenbusch,M.,Regulla,D.F.","Dose profile assessment at gold-tissue interfaces using TSEE"
"DALE(1996)",1996,"4A6","Radiological considerations (dose-rate) relevant ->radio-immunotherapy","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1871-1884(1996)","Dale,R.E.","Dose-rate effects in targeted radiotherapy"
"DALGARNO(1999)",1999,"4E2","Electron slowing down in H,H2,and He;many parameters calculated","Journal","Astrophys. J. Suppl 124:237-256(1999)","Dalgarno,A.,Yan,M.,Liu,W.","Electron energy deposition in a gas mixture of atomic and molecular hydrogen and helium"
"DANE(1996)",1996,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence analy (algorithm),fundamental parameter method","Journal","Anal. Chem. 68, 2419-2425(1996)","Dane,A.D.,Timmermans,P.A.M.,Vansprang,H.A.,Buydens,L.M.C.","A genetic algorithm for model-free x-ray fluorescence analysis of thin films"
"D'ANNA(1988)",1988,"3B","Monte Carlo algorithm,10-1000 keV,transmission,energy loss calcs","Journal","Vacuum 38,  175-182(1988)","D'Anna,E.,Leggieri,G.,Luches,A.,Martino,M.,Nassisi,V.","A Monte Carlo electron transport algorithm for transmission and energy loss calculations in the 10-1000 keV energy range"
"DANNEFAER(2001)",2001,"4C1","Simplified model for trapping at neg chgd vacancies,semiconductors","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A462,596-602(2001)","Dannefaer,S.,Pu,A.","On the trapping of positrons by negatively charged vacancies"
"DAPOR(1990)",1990,"3A","Electron backscattering,theory","Journal","Phys. Let. A151,  84-89(1990)","Dapor,M.","Backscattering of electrons from solid targets"
"DAPOR(1991A)",1991,"3A","Electron transmission,backsc,absorption as function of film thickness","Journal","Phys. Rev. B43,10118-10123(1991)","Dapor,M.","Penetration of an electron beam in a thin solid film: the influence of backscattering from the substrate"
"DAPOR(1991B)",1991,"3A","Monte Carlo;5,10 keV,backsc coeff,mean energy of reflected electrons","Journal","Phys. Let. A158,425-430(1991)","Dapor,M.","Monte Carlo simulation of the energy deposited by few keV electrons penetrating in thick targets"
"DAPOR(1992A)",1992,"3A","Electron backscattering,M.C.","Journal","Phys. Rev. B46,    618-625(1992)","Dapor,M.","Monte Carlo simulation of backscattered electrons and energy from thick targets and surface-films"
"DAPOR(1992B)",1992,"3A","Electron backscatter,Kanaya model","Journal","Surf. Sci. 270(pt.B),753-762(1992)","Dapor,M.","Theory of the interaction between an electron beam and a thin solid film"
"DAPOR(1993A)",1993,"3A","Backscattering,M.C. simulation","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  70-1(pt.A),327-331(1993)","Dapor,M.","Mean energy and depth of penetration of electrons backscattered by solid targets"
"DAPOR(1993B)",1993,"3A","Electron backscattering,multilayers","Journal","Phys. Rev. B48,  3003-3008(1993)","Dapor,M.","Backscattering of electrons from multilayers"
"DAPOR(1995A)",1995,"1B","Positron scattering","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 77,2840-2842(1995)","Dapor,M.","Analytical transport cross-section of medium-energy positrons elastically scattered by complex atoms [Z=1-92)"
"DAPOR(1995B)",1995,"1B","Electron, positron scattering, elastic","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  95,470-476(1995)","Dapor,M.","Elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by atoms: Differential and transport cross-section calculations"
"DAPOR(1995C)",1995,"4C1","Positron penetration in solids","Journal","Scanning Microsc  9,  939-948(1995)","Dapor,M.","Penetration of positrons in solid targets"
"DAPOR(1996)",1996,"1B","Elastic scattering calcs,backscat coeff","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 79,8406-8411(1996)","Dapor,M.","Elastic scattering calculations for electrons and positrons in solid targets"
"DAPOR(1997)",1997,"4D4","Electron penetration","Journal","Phys. Rev. B56,  2234-2240(1997)","Dapor,M.,Miotello,A.","Slow electrons impinging on dielectric solids. 1. Basic aspects"
"DAPOR(1998A)",1998,"1B","Positron, elastic scattering cross sects","Journal","At Dat Nucl Dat Tables 69,    1-100(1998)","Dapor,M.,Miotello,A.","Differential, total, and transport cross-sections for elastic scattering of low-energy positrons by neutral atoms (Z=1-92, E=500-4000 eV)"
"DAPOR(1998B)",1998,"3A","Positron backscattering","Journal","Scanning Microsc 12,  131-138(1998)","Dapor,M.,Miotello,A.","Backscattering of positrons from solid targets"
"DAPOR(1999)",1999,"3A","Backscattering, electrons,3 oxides","Journal","Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 5,143-148(1999)","Dapor,M.,Miotello,A.","Backscattering of electrons from selected oxides: MgO, SiO2 and Al2O3"
"DAPOR(2000)",1997,"4D3","Positron-induced sec electron emission,MC simulation","Journal","Phys. Rev. B61,  5979-5986(1997)","Dapor,M.,Miotello,A.,Zari,D.","Monte Carlo simulation of positron-stimulated secondary electron emission from solids"
"DAPOR(2003A)",2003,"3A","Backscattering from films,multiple reflection,M.C.methods","Journal","Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.18,155-162(2003)","Dapor,M.","Comparison of the results of analytical and numerical model calculations of electron backscattering from supported films"
"DAPOR(2003B)",2003,"3A","MC simulation,5-20 keV electron beams on thin films (and substrates)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B202,155-160(2003)","Dapor,M.","Monte Carlo simulation of the interaction of electrons with supported and unsupported thin films"
"DAPOR(2004A)",2004,"3A","Low energy electron backscattering,MC simulation","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 95,  718-721(2004)","Dapor,M.","Backscattering of low energy electrons from carbon films deposited on aluminum: A Monte Carlo simulation"
"DAPOR(2004B)",2004,"1B","Dirac eq solved numjerically --> electron elastic scattering cross-sects","Journal","Phys. Let. A333,457-467(2004)","Dapor,M.","An analytical approximation of the differential elastic scattering cross-section for electrons in selected oxides"
"DAPOR(2005)",2005,"3A","MC calc of electron depth distribution, backscattering coeff for C on Al","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B228,337-340(2005)","Dapor,M.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron depth distribution and backscattering for carbon films deposited on aluminium as a function of incidence angle and primary energy"
"DAPOR(2006A)",2006,"4C1","SiO2,scattering parameters for electrons,positrons compared","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 151,182-192(2006)","Dapor,M.","A comparative study of electron and positron penetration in silicon dioxide"
"DAPOR(2006B)",2006,"4D3","Backscattering coeff of 250-10000eV electrons on C/Al double layers","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,1198-1203(2006)","Dapor,M.","Monte Carlo simulation of low-medium energy electrons backscattered from C/Al double layer thin films"
"DARLEY(1979)",1979,"4B07","Interface dosimetry","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 52,  421(1979)","Darley,P.J.","Interface dosimetry"
"DARLINGTON(1975)",1975,"3A","Electron backscattering,10-100 keV","Journal","J. Phys. D  8,    85-93(1975)","Darlington,E.H.","Backscattering of 10-100 keV electrons from thick targets"
"DAS(1988)",1988,"4B07","Interface dose perturbation as function of photon energy","Journal","Med. Phys. 15,   78-81(1988)","Das,I.J.,Khan,F.M.,Gerbi,B.J.","Interface dose perturbation as a measure of megavoltage photon beam energy"
"DAS(1989)",1989,"4B07","Interface dose,gamma-ray,backscatter dose perturbation","Journal","Med. Phys. 16, 367-375(1989)","Das,I.J.,Kahn,F.M.","Backscatter dose perturbation in high atomic-number interfaces in megavoltage photon beams"
"DAS(1990)",1990,"4B07","Interface dose,gamma-ray","Journal","Med. Phys. 17,   10-16(1990)","Das,I.J.,Case,K.R.,Meigooni,A.S.,Khan,F.M.,Werner,B.L.","Validity of transition-zone dosimetry at high atomic-number interfaces in megavoltage photon beams"
"DAS(1992)",1992,"4B09","Dosimetry (photon beam)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,  937-946(1992)","Das,I.J.,Kase,K.R.,Kelley,J.E.,Werner,B.L.","Photon-beam dosimetry at a blocked beam edge using diffusion-approximation"
"DAS(1994)",1994,"3A","Electron backscattering,high Z interface","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,  315-319(1994)","Das,I.J.,Bushe,H.S.","Backscattering and transmission through a high Z interface as a measure of electron beam energy"
"DAS(1995A)",1995,"4B07","Interface dose paper","Journal","Acta Oncol. 34,543-545(1995)","Das,I.J.","Backscatter radiation damage at tissue-titanium interface in biological dosimetry experiment"
"DAS(1995B)",1995,"4B07","Interface dose,x-rays,backscatter dose perturbation","Journal","Med. Phys. 22, 767-773(1995)","Das,I.J.,Chopra,K.L.","Backscatter dose perturbation in kilovoltage photon beams at high atomic-number interfaces"
"DAS(1996)",1996,"4B03","Brachytherapy dosimetry ,M.C. photon transport simulation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,  995-1006(1996)","Das,R.K.,Li,Z.,Perera,H.,Williamson,J.F.","Accuracy of Monte Carlo photon transport simulation in characterizing brachytherapy dosimeter energy-response artifacts"
"DAS(1997)",1997,"4B07","Interface dose,x-ray,forward dose","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,1781-1787(1997)","Das,I.J.","Forward dose perturbation at high atomic number interfaces in kilovoltage x-ray beams"
"DAS(1998A)",1998,"4B09","Ioniz chambers,exposure rate effects","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,1751-1757(1998)","Das,I.J.,Akber,S.F.","Ion recombination and polarity effect of ionization chambers in kilovoltage x-ray exposure measurements"
"DAS(1998B)",1998,"4B09","Ioniz chamber shift correction,e-beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,3419-3424(1998)","Das,I.J.,McNeeley,S.W.,Cheng,C.W.","Ionization chamber shift correction and surface dose measurements in electron beams"
"DAS(2001)",2001,"4B07","Interface dosimetry, Monte Carlo & expt.","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 61,  593-595(2001)","Das,I.J.,Kassaee,A.,Verhaegen,F.,Moskvin,V.P.","Interface dosimetry: measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of low-energy photon beams"
"DAS(2002)",2002,"4B07","Interface dosimetry, Monte Carlo & expt.","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 64,  173-179(2002)","Das,I.J.,Moskvin,V.P.,Kassaee,A.,Tabata,T.,Verhaegen,F.,","Dose perturbations at high-Z interfaces in kilovoltage photon beams: comparison with Monte Carlo simulations and measurements"
"DAS(2004A)",2004,"4B07","E-beams,dose perturbation on transmission side of high-Z materials","Journal","Med. Phys. 31,3213-3221(2004)","Das,I.J.,Cheng,C-W.,Mitra,R.K.,Kassaee,A.,Tochner,Z.,Solin,L,J.","Transmission and dose perturbations with high-Z materials in clinical electron beams"
"DASKALOV(2000A)",2000,"2C","Dose,2-D R-Z DANTSYS calc,192 Ir seed,210 energy groups","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,2307-2319(2000)","Daskalov,G.M.,Baker,R.S.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Williamson,J.F.","Dosimetric modeling of the microSelection high-dose rate 192 Ir source by the multigroup discrete ordinates method"
"DASKALOV(2000B)",2000,"2C","2-D discrete ordinates,photon transport,brachytherapy application","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 134,121-134(2000)","Daskalov, G.M.; Baker, R.S.; Little, R.C.; Rogers, D.W.O.; Williamson, J.F.","Two-dimensional discrete ordinates photon transport calculations for brachytherapy dosimetry applications"
"DASKALOV(2002)",2002,"2C","Dose,2-D R-Z DANTSYS calc,125-Iodine seed,210 energy groups","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,  113-124 (2002)","Daskalov,G.M.,Baker,R.S.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Williamson,J.F.","Multigroup discrete ordinates modeling of 125I 6702 seed dose distributions using a broad energy-group cross section representation"
"DATTA(1992)",1992,"2F","Transport equation soln,2D discr ord","Journal","Supercomputer 9,15-21(1992)","Datta,R.P.,Hira,A.S.,Ray,A.K.,Wienke,B.R.","A note on 2-D electron transport using discrete ordinates"
"DATTA(1993A)",1993,"2F","Transport equation soln,2D discr ord","Journal","J. Phys. D 26,1077-1083(1993)","Datta,R.P.,Ray,A.K.,Wienke,B.R.","A discrete ordinates study of 2-dimensional electron transport"
"DATTA(1993B)",1993,"2F","2D discr. ords,energy deposition calcs","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. B180,  85-95(1993)","Datta,R.P.,Ray,A.K.,Wienke,B.R.","A spatial characteristic scheme for multigroup discrete ordinates electron energy deposition in two dimensions"
"DATTA(1996)",1996,"2F","2D discr ords,electron/photon transport","Journal","Phys. Rev. E53,6514-6522(1996)","Datta,P.,Altekar,S.D.,Ray,A.K.,Morel,J.E.","Computational model for coupled electron-photon transport in two dimensions"
"DAVIDOVIC(2003)",2003,"4B02","X-ray reflection using isotropic scattering transport theory","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,  N213-221(2003)","Davidovic,D.M.,Vukanic,J.,Arsenovic,D.","Simplified model of low energy x-ray backscattering"
"DE ASSIS(2005)",2005,"4E6","X-ray CT,proton CT compared with each other and Monte Carlo","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,481-492(2005)","de Assis,J.T.,Yevseyeva,O.,Evseev,I.,Lopes,R.T.,Schelin,H.R.,Klock,M.C.L.,Paschuk,S.A.,Schulte,R.W.,Williams,D.C.","Proton computed tomography as a tool for proton therapy planning: preliminary computer simulations and comparisons with x-ray CT basics"
"DE NARDO(2002A)",1999,"4E5","Gas counter,measure electron cluster distribs in nanometric sized sites","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A484,312-326(2002)","De Nardo,L.,Alkaa,A.,Khamphan,C.,Conte,V.,Colautti,P.,Segur,P.,Tornielli,G.","A detector for track-nanodosimetry"
"DE NARDO(2002B)",2002,"4E5","Alpha particle,track structure,nanodosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,355-358(2002)","De Nardo,L.,Colautti,P.,Baek,W.Y.,Grosswendt,B.,Alkaa,A.,Ségur,P.,Tornielli,G.","Track nanodosimetry of an alpha particle"
"DE NIJS(1997)",1997,"4C1","Potential of positrons for study of defects in MOS system","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 36,  35-42(1997)","De Nijs,J.M.M.,Clement,M.,Schut,H.,vcan Veen,A.","Positron annihilation as a tool for the study of defects in the MOS system"
"DEAL(2005)",2005,"2B","MC simulation through tilted samples,electron backscatter diffraction","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1017-1020(2005)","Deal,A.,Tao,X.,Eades,A.","EBSD geometry in the SEM: simulation and representation"
"DEASY(1994)",1994,"4A1B","Electron beam dose-depth curves","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,1369-1376(1994)","Deasy,J.O.,Almond,P.R.,McEllistrem,M.T","The spectral dependence of electron central-axis depth-dose curves"
"DEASY(2002)",2002,"4A1C","De-noising M.C. calcs of therapy dose distributions","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,2366-2373(2002)","Deasy,J.O.,Wickerhauser,M.V.,Picard,M.","Accelerating Monte Carlo simulations of radiation therapy dose distributions using wavelet threshold de-noising"
"DEB(1988)",1988,"2B","Electron penetration in compounds, Monte Carlo","Journal","J. Phys. D 21,  763-767(1988)","Deb,P.,Nundy,U.","A study of the penetration of electrons in compounds by Monte Carlo calculations"
"DEBOER(1990)",1990,"4C4","X-ray fluor intensity,calculation","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 19,145-154(1990)","Deboer,D.K.G.","Calculation of x-ray fluorescence intensities from bulk and multilayer samples"
"DEBOER(1993)",1993,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,  33-38(1993)","de Boer,D.K.G.","How accurate is the fundamental parameter approach? XRF analysis of bulk and multilayer samples"
"DEBOKX(1997)",1997,"4C4","X-ray fluor spectrom, grazing emiss","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 52B,  829-840(1997)","Debokx,P.K.,Kok.C.,Bailleul,A.,Wiener,G.,Urbach,H.P.","Grazing emission x-ray fluorescence spectrometry: principles and applications"
"DECKER(1995)",1995,"4C6","electron-proton-hydrogen atom auroras","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.100,21409-21420(1995)","Decker,D.T.,Basu,B.,Jasperse,J.R.,Strickland,D.J.,Sharber,J.R.,Winningham,J.D.","Upgoing electrons produced in an electron-proton-hydrogen atom aurora"
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"DEFRISE(2006)",2006,"4A5A","Development of tomographic reconstruction algorithms reviewed","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R139-R154(2006)","Defrise,M.,Gullberg,G.T.","Image reconstruction (review)"
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"DEGUCHI(1990)",1990,"4C7","X-ray lithography","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,29,2207-2211(1990)","Deguchi,K.,Ishiyama,T.,Horiuchi,T.,Yoshikawa,A.","Effects of photo-electron and Auger-electron scattering on resolution and linewidth control in Sr lithography"
"DEGUCHI(1996)",1996,"4C7","Japan's recent progress in SR lithography","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  80,321-327(1996)","Deguchi,K.,Miyoshi,K.,Matsuda,T.","Recent progress in synchrotron radiation lithography"
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"DELAEY(1981A)",1981,"4C3","Spectroscopy acronyms","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 36,    351-360(1981)","Delaey,L.,Arkens,O.","The acronyms used in the world of spectroscopy, microscopy and diffractometry Compilation and classification"
"DELAEY(1981B)",1981,"4C3","Spectroscopy glossary of abbreviations","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 36,    361-372(1981)","Delaey,L.,Arkens,O.","The acronyms used in the world of spectroscopy, microscopy and diffractometry Glossary of abbreviations"
"DELGADO(1995)",1995,"4B09","Dosimetry (photon beam)","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46, 437-438(1995)","Delgado,V.,Ortiz,P.","Energy imparted to a phantom by a low energy x-ray beam: Calculation from its narrow beam attenuation curve and comparison with experiments"
"DELGADO(1997)",1997,"4B02","X-ray atten measurements","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,1089-1095(1997)","Delgado,V.,Ortiz,P.","Determination of the energy fluence of diagnostic x-ray beams from field measurements of attenuation curves"
"DELGADO(2002)",2002,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra, XRF","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,353-357(2002)","Delgado,V.","Indirect method for the determination of x-ray tube primary spectra: application to x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"DELGADO(2007)",1997,"4C2","Theory,finding spectral distrib of x-ray beam from atten measurements","Journal","Med. Phys. 34,  994-1006(2007)","Delgado,V.","Determination of x-ray spectra from attenuation data by imposing a priori positiveness and bounded support: Theory and experimental validation"
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"DEMARCO(1998A)",1998,"2B","M.C.,CT-based,dosimetry planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,      1-11(1998)","DeMarco,J.J.,Solberg,T.D.,Smathers,J.B.","A CT-based Monte Carlo simulation tool for dosimetry planning and analysis"
"DEMARCO(1998B)",1998,"4A3A","Monte Carlo,sampling algorithms","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  229-234(1998)","DeMarco,J.J.,Solberg,T.D.,Chetty,I.,Smathers,J.B.","Efficient sampling algorithms for Monte Carlo-based treatment planning"
"DEMARCO(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Monte-Carlo-based treatment planning algorithms","Journal","Medical Dosimetry 27,  43-50(2002)","DeMarco,J.J.,Chetty,I.J.,Solberg,T.D.","A Monte Carlo tutorial and the application for radiotherapy treatment planning"
"DEMARCO(2003)",2003,"4B03","Verification of dose distributions from brachytherapy sources","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 4,  66-74(2003)","DeMarco,J.J.,Solberg,T.D.,Agazaryan,N.","A seed specific dose kernel method for low-energy brachytherapy dosimetry"
"DEMARCO(2005)",2005,"4A1C","MC-based estimates of radiation dose in multidetectro CT exams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,3989-4004(2005)","DeMarco,J.J.,Cagnon,C.H.,Cody,D.D.,Stevens,D.M.,McCollough,C.H.,O’Daniel,J.,McNitt-Gray,M.F.","A Monte Carlo based method to estimate radiation dose from multidetector CT (MDCT): cylindrical and anthropomorphic phantoms"
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"DENG(2001)",2001,"4A1","Central axis dose curves,derivation of energy spectra","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 46,1429-1449(2001)","Deng,J.,Jiang,S.B.,Pawlicki,T.,Li,J.,Ma,C-M","Derivation of electron and photon energy spectra from electron beam central axis depth dose curves"
"DENISON(2004)",2004,"4C1","Calc IMFP for positrons based on TPP(Tanuma et al)","Journal","Phys. Rev. B69,104302(2003)(8 pages)","Denison,A.B.,Farrell,H.H.","Positron mean free paths between 50 eV and 40 keV"
"DENKER(2004)",2004,"4E6","PIXE:68 MeV protons excite K lines,enable heavy element detection","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,  61-66(2004)","Denker,A.,Optiz-Coutureau,J.","Proton-induced x-ray emission using 68 MeV protons"
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"DESALVO(1987)",1987,"4E8A","EELS,M.C.simulation,electron scattering,core electron losses","Journal","J. Phys. D 20,  790-795(1984)","Desalvo,A.,Rosa,R.","Monte Carlo simulation of elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons in thin films. 2. Core electron losses"
"DESCALLE(2003)",2003,"4A3A","MC-based treatment planning system,molecular targeted rad therapy","Journal","Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 18,71-79(2003)","Descalle,M-A.Hartmann Siantar,C.L.Dauffy,L.,Nigg,D.W.,Wemple,C.A.,Yuan,A.,DeNardo,G.L.","Application of MINERVA Monte Carlo Simulations to Targeted Radionuclide Therapy"
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"DING(2004)",2004,"4D3","MC, Cu, compared calculated true, total sec emiss yield w experiment","Journal","Appl. Phys. A78, 585–587 (2004)","Z. J. Ding, H. M. Li, X. D. Tang, R. Shimizu","Monte Carlo simulation of absolute secondary electron yield of Cu"
"DINGFELDER(1998)",1998,"4E5","Charged particle track-structure analysis,cross section data","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,      1-18(1998)","Dingfelder,M.,Hantke,D.,Inokuti,M.,Paretzke,H.G.","Electron inelastic-scattering cross sections in liquid water"
"DINGFELDER(1999)",1999,"1B","Water,dielectric response function,Bethe surface","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,  93-96(1999)","Dingfelder,M.,Inokuti,M.","The Bethe surface of liquid water"
"DINGFELDER(2002)",2002,"4E5","Ioniz cross sections for charged particles,sec electrons from protons","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,  23-28(2002)","Dingfelder,M.","Cross section calculations in condensed media; Charged particles in liquid water"
"DINGFELDER(2006)",2006,"4E5","Interaction cross sects of charged particles,energy deposition patterns","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.122,  16-21(2006)","Dingfelder,M.","Track structure: time evolution from physics to chemistry (review)"
"DING-G(1995A)",1995,"4A1B","Clinical electron beams, stopping power ratios","Journal","Med. Phys. 22, 489-501(1995)","Ding,G.X.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Mackie,T.R.","Calculation of stopping power ratios using realistic clinical electron beams"
"DING-G(1996A)",1996,"4A1B","Electron beams, range-energy","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  361-376(1996)","Ding,G.X.,Togers,D.W.O.,Mackie,T.R.","Mean energy, energy-range relationships and depth-scaling factors for clinical electron beams"
"DING-G(2000A)",2000,"4A1","Comparison between AAPM TG-21 and TG-51 protocols","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,1217-1225(2000)","Ding,G,X,,Cygler,J.E.,Kwok,C.B.","Clinical reference dosimetry: comparison between AAPM TG-21 and TG-51 protocols"
"DING-G(2001)",2001,"4A1B","Need for accurate %dose-depth curves at high electron beam energies","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  298-302(2001)","Ding,G,X,,Yu,C.W.","Determination of percentage depth-dose curves for electron beams using different types of detectors"
"DING-G(2002A)",2002,"4A1","Monte Carlo - expt, dose in buildup region of photon beam","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,2459-2463(2002)","Ding,G.X.","Dose discrepancies between Monte Carlo calculations and measurements in the buildup region for a high-energy photon beam"
"DING-X(2004)",2004,"4C4","High res X-ray microfluorescence(XRMF) spectrometer","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,  67-73(2004)","Ding,X.,Liu,Z.,Yan,Y.,Pan,Q.","High energy resolution XRMF spectrometer using polycapillary x-ray optics and PSPC"
"DING-Z(1988A)",1988,"4D1","AES,N(E) spectra,theoreticaland experimental studies","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  33/34, 99-106(1988)","Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.,Sekine,T.,Sakai,Y.","Theoretical and experimental studies of N(E) spectra in Auger electron spectroscopy"
"DING-Z(1988B)",1988,"3A","Electron backscatter, M.C. study","Journal","Surf. Sci. 197,  539-554(1988)","Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo study of backscattering and secondary electron generation"
"DING-Z(1989)",1989,"1B","Inelastic scattering of keV electrons","Journal","Surf. Sci. 222,  313-331(1989)","Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.","Inelastic-collisions of keV electrons in solids"
"DING-Z(1990)",1990,"4E8C","Elastic reflection,Au,400-800 eV, angular distribution","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. B161,257-269(1990)","Ding,Z.J.,Yoshikawa,H.,Shimizu,R.","Angular distribution of elastically reflected electrons from Au"
"DING-Z(1993)",1993,"3E","EPMA,Monte Carlo simulation of phi(rho*z),6,20 keV","Journal","J. Phys. D 26,  507-516(1993)","Ding,Z.J.,Wu,Z.Q.","A comparison of Monte Carlo simulations of electron-scattering and x-ray production in solids"
"DING-Z(1994A)",1994,"4D1","AES,M.C., secondary electron gen","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,1187-1195(1994)","Ding,Z.J.Shimizu,R.,Goto,K.","Background formation in the low energy region in Auger electron spectroscopy"
"DING-Z(1994B)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,x-ray spectra,M.C.simulation","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,7180-7187(1994)","Ding,Z.J.Shimizu,R.,Obori,K.","Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray spectra in electron probe microanalysis: comparison of continuum with experiment"
"DING-Z(1994C)",1994,"3E","X-ray depth profiles,Si,M.C.calc","Journal","J. Phys. D 27,  387-392(1994)","Ding,Z.J.,Wu,Z.Q.","Monte Carlo calculation of x-ray depth profiles in Si substrate coated with films"
"DING-Z(1994D)",1994,"4C2","X-ray prod spatial distrib,M.C.simul","Journal","Microbeam Analysis 3,  79-86(1994)","Ding,Z.J.,Wu,Z.Q.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo simulation of spatial distribution of x-ray production and its fractal property analysis"
"DING-Z(1995B)",1995,"4D1","Auger elects,escape depth,elast scatt","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  351-362(1995)","Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.","Effect of elastic scattering and cylindrical mirror analyzer geometry on the evaluation of escape depths of Auger electrons"
"DING-Z(1995C)",1995,"4D1","AES,Monte Carlo simul of background","Journal","Surf. Sci. 336,397-403(1995)","Ding,Z.J.,Nagatomi,T.,Shimizu,R.,Goto,K.","Monte Carlo simulation of background in AES: a comparison with experiment"
"DING-Z(1996A)",1996,"4D1","AES,background,M.C.analysis","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 100/101, 15-19(1996)","Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.,Goto,K.","Intrinsic Auger signal profiles derived by Monte Carlo analysis"
"DING-Z(1996B)",1996,"2B","Monte Carlo,secondary electrons","Journal","Scanning 18,  92-113(1996)","Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.","A Monte Carlo modeling of electron interaction with solids including cascade secondary electron production [article heartily recommended by Joy(1997)]"
"DING-Z(1997A)",1997,"4D1","AES,quantitative,Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","J. Trace Microprobe Techn 15,405-413(1997)","Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo simulation as applied to quantitative Auger electron spectroscopy"
"DING-Z(1997B)",1997,"1B","Inelastic scattering near surface,thry","Journal","Phys. Rev. B55,  9999-10013(1997)","Ding,Z.J.","Inelastic scattering of electrons at real metal surfaces (I'm not sure the citation is right)"
"DING-Z(2000)",2000,"4E8B","REELS,Monte Carlo simulation study,Au,Si,surface excitation","Journal","Phys. Rev. B61,14128-14135(2000)","Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo simulation study of reflection-electron-energy-loss-spectroscopy spectrum"
"DING-Z(2001)",2001,"4D4","Systematic calcs of sec electron generation,emission from 19 metals","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 89,  718-726(2001)","Ding,Z.J.,Tang,X.D.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo study of secondary electron emission"
"DING-Z(2002A)",2002,"3A","MC simul of electron backscat from elastic peak to true secondaries","Journal","Int. J. Modern Phys. B,15,4405-4412(2002)","Ding,Z.J.,Tang,X.D.,Li,H.M.","Monte Carlo calculation of the energy distribution of backscattered electrons"
"DING-Z(2002B)",2002,"4E8B","REELS,Monte Carlo study,surface plasmon excitation","Journal","Phys. Rev. B66,085411-5411(2002)","Ding,Z.J.,Li,H.M,Pu,Q.R.,Zhang,Z.M.,Shimizu,R.","Reflection electron energy loss spectrum of surface plasmon excitation of Ag: A Monte Carlo study"
"DING-Z(2004A)",2004,"4D3","MC calc,secondary electron emission from Cu","Journal","Appl. Phys. A78,585-587(2004)","Ding,Z.J.,Li,H.M.,Tang,X.D.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo simulation of absolute secondary electron yield of Cu"
"DING-Z(2004B)",2004,"3A","Backscatt electr energy spectra,,primary E & Z-dependence,0.5-5 keV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 96,4598-4606(2004)","Ding,Z.J.,Li,H.M.,Goto,K.,Jiang,Y.Z.,Shimizu,R.","Energy spectra of backscattered electrons in Auger Electron Spectroscopy: comparison of Monte Carlo simulations with experiment"
"DING-Z(2005)",2005,"2B","MC simulation of SEM images, inhomogeneous specimen","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  912-918(2005)","Ding,Z,J,Li,H.M.","Application of Monte Carlo simulation to SEM image contrast of complex structures"
"DING-Z(2006)",2006,"4D1","MC modeling,electron interaction with solids,using diel function(review)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  657-663(2006)","Ding,Z.J.,Salma,K.,Li,H.M.,Zhang,Z.M.,Tokesi,K.,Varga,D.,Toth,J.,Goto,K.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo simulation study of electron interaction with solids and surfaces (review)"
"DIOCIAIUTI(2005)",2005,"4E8B","electron eneEELS & ESI (electron spectroscopy imaging) of biological samples","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,189-203(2005)","Diociaiuti,M.","Electron energy loss spectroscopy microanalysis and imaging in the transmission electron microscope: example of biological applications"
"DOHM(2005)",2005,"4A3B","Response of a small volume ioniz chamber,problems w IMRT dosimetry","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,1449-1457(2005)","Dohm,O.S.,Fippel,M.,Christ,G.,Nusslin,F.","Off-axis chamber response in the depth of photon dose maximum"
"DOI(2006)",2006,"4A5A","Review of R & D ,diagnostic imaging & many related imaging topics","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R005-R027(2006)","Doi,K.","Diagnostic imaging over the last 50 years: research and development in medical imaging science and technology (review)"
"DOLINSKI(1988)",1988,"4E8C","Inelastic mfp,Cu,Ag,from EPES","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 11,229-233(1988)","Dolinski,W.,Nowicki,H.,Mroz,S.","Application of elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) to determine inelastic mean free paths (IMFP) of electrons in copper and silver"
"DOLINSKI(1992)",1992,"4D1","Inelastic mfps,noble metals(expt)","Journal","Acta Phys. Polon. A81,193-199(1992)","Dolinski,W.,Mroz,S.,Palczynski,J.,Gruzza,B.,Bondot,P.,Porte,A.","Determination of inelastic mean free path of electrons in noble metals"
"DONOLATO(1998)",1998,"4C5","Dislocations sites of recombination,theory,effective diffusion lengths","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 84,2656-2664(1998)","Donolato,C.","Modeling the effect of dislocations on the minority carrier diffusion length of a semiconductor"
"DOZIER(1983)",1983,"4B07","Dosimetry (parts testing)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 30,4383-4387(1983)","Dozier,CM.,Brown,D.B.","The use of low energy x-rays for device testing - a comparison with CO-60 radiation"
"DOZIER(1984)",1984,"4B09","Dosimetry (parts testing)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 31,1084-1088(1984)","Dozier,CM.,Brown,D.B.","Production of a standard radiation environment to minimize dosimetry errors in flash x-ray parts testing"
"DOZIER1987)",1987,"4B07","Irradiation methodologies,MOS with low E x-ray,Co-60 sources","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 34,(1987)","Dozier,C.M.,Fleetwood,D.M.,Brown,D.B.,,Winokur,P.S.","An evaluation of low-energy x-ray and Cobalt-60 irradiations of MOS transistors"
"DROUIN(1994)",1994,"1B","Mott scattering","Journal","Scanning 16,  67-77(1994)","Drouin,D.,Gauvin,R.,Joy,D.C.","Computation of polar angle of collisions from partial elastic Mott cross sections"
"DROUIN(1997)",1997,"2B","CASINO code, Mott cross sect values","Journal","Scanning 19,  20-28(1997)","Drouin,D.,Hovington,P.,Gauvin,R.","CASINO: a new era of Monte Carlo code in C-language for electron beam interactions. 2. Tabulated values of the Mott cross section"
"DROUIN(2007)",2007,"2H","User-friendly Monte Carlo program based on the earlier CASINO code","Journal","Scanning 29,  92-101(2007)","Drouin,D.,Couture,A.R.,Joly,D.,Tastett,X.,Aimez,V.,Gauvin,R.","CASINO V2.42—A fast and easy-to-use modeling tool for scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis users"
"DRUCKER(1993)",1993,"4D3","Generation pathways for Auger and secondary electrons","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 74,7329-7339(1993)","Drucker,J.Scheinfein,M.R.,Liu,J.,Weiss,J.K.","Electron coincidence spectroscopy studies of secondary and Auger electron generation mechanisms"
"DRUMM(1991)",1991,"2C","Discrete ordinates codes","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 108, 16-49(1991)","Drumm,C.R.,Fan,W.C.,Renken,J.H.","Forward and adjoint methods and applications for deterministic electron-photon transport"
"DRUMM(1992)",1992,"2C","CEPXS/ONELD code application","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 39,  584-589(1992)","Drumm,C.R.,Hohlfelder,J.J.,Kotulski,J.D.,Scrivner,G.J.,Mills,G.S.,Tanaka,T.J.","Efficient modeling of Compton diode gamma-radiation detectors"
"DRUMM(1996)",1996,"2F","3D discrete ordinates codes,cross sections","Conference","Proc. ANS Rad. Prot. & Shielding Conf., 398-407(1996)","Drumm,C.R.","Multidimensional electron-photon transport with standard discrete ordinates codes"
"DRUMM(1997)",1997,"2F","Discrete ordinates codes,method of generating cross sections","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 127,    1-21(1997)","Drumm,C.R.","Multidimensional electron-photon transport with standard discrete ordinates codes"
"DRUMM(2000)",2000,"2C","Novel solution method to solve LBE on unstructured triangular mesh","Journal","Math'l & Computer Modeling 31,55-71(2000)","Drumm,C.R.,Lorenz,J.","Parallel FE approximation of the even/odd-parity form of the linear Boltzmann equation"
"DRUMM(2003)",2003,"2C","CEPTRE code,2nd order transport equation solved by CG","Conference","ANS M&C Topical Meeting,April 6-11,2003","Drumm,C.,Fan,W.","Uncollided-flux preconditioning of the conjugate gradients solution for the transport equation"
"DRYSEK(2003)",2003,"4C1","Backscat coef for positrons measured using characteristic x-rays","Journal","Phys. Let. A320,238-241(2003)","Drysek,J.,Drysek,E.","Measurement of backscattering coefficient of positron using the characteristic x-rays"
"DUBOVIKOV(1996)",1996,"4B02","Gamma-ray multiple scattering","Journal","Phys. Rev. E53,1156-1165(1996)","Dubovikov,M.S.","Multiple scattering of hard gamma quanta in a medium"
"DUBUS(1987)",1987,"4D4","Age-diffusion model (secondary emiss.)","Journal","Phys. Rev. B36,5110-5119(1987)","Dubus,A.,Devooght,J.,Dehaes,J.C.","Improved age-diffusion model for low energy electron transport in solids. 2. Application to secondary emission from aluminum"
"DUBUS(1990)",1990,"4D4","Transport equation solution,secondary electron emission","Journal","Scanning Microsc  4,     1-20(1990)","Dubus,A.,Devooght,J.,Dehaes,J.C.","Approximate solutions of the Boltzmann equation for secondary electron emission: results and comparisons to experiments"
"DUBUS(1993)",1993,"4D4","Different assumptions on cross sects affect sec elect emiss.yield","Journal","Phys. Rev. B47,11056 - 11073(1987)","Dubus,A.,Dehaes,J.C.,Ganachaud,J,-Hafni,A.,Cailler,M.","Monte Carlo evaluation of the influence of the interaction cross sections on the secondary-electron-emission yields from polycrystalline aluminum targets"
"DUBUS(2000)",2000,"4E8C","Elastic electron backscattering,theoretical models,review","Journal","Prog. Surf. Sci. 63,135-175(2000)","Dubus,A.,Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","Evaluation of theoretical models for elastic electron backscattering from surfaces (review)"
"DUDAREV(1995)",1995,"3A","Theory,electron backscattering,supermatrix algorithm used","Journal","Phys. Rev. B51,  3397-3412(1995)","Duderev,S.L.,Rez, P.,Whelan,M.J.","Theory of electron backscattering from single crystals"
"DUKE(1994)",1994,"4D1","Surfaces,electron interactions (review)","Journal","Surf. Sci. 299/300, 24-33(1994)","Duke,C.B.","Interaction of electrons and positrons with solids: from bulk to surface in thirty years"
"DUKHANIN(2006A)",2006,"4C4","XRF:Auger,photoelectrons from hi Z elements excite C fluorescence","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,  34-39(2006)","Dukhanin,A.,Yu.,Pavlinsky,G.V.,Baranov,E.O.,Portnoy,A.Yu.,Kujn,A.V.","Influence of photo and Auger electrons of the elements with high atomic numbers on formation of carbon x-ray fluorescence intensity"
"DUKHANIN(2006B)",2006,"4C4","XRF,3 variants of selective excitation of low Z elements:F,O,N,C","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,137-140(2006)","Dukhanin,A.Y.,Pavlinsky,G.V.","Effects of selective excitation of x-ray fluorescence of light elements: fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon"
"DUNCUMB(1963)",1963,"4C3","EPMA review - Part 1","Journal","Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 14,  617-625(1963)","Duncumb,P.,Shields,P.K.","The present state of quantitative x-ray microanalysis Part 1: Physical Basis (review)"
"DUNCUMB(1994)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,correction procedures (review)","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115,    3-20(1994)","Duncumb,P.","Correction procedures in electron probe microanalysis of bulk samples"
"DUNCUMB(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative (review)","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  357-366(1999)","Duncumb,P.","Quantitative analysis with the electron microprobe.  The first 50 years and beyond"
"DUNCUMB(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,simulate entire spectrum from an assumed composition","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   7, 341-355(2001)","Duncumb,P.,Barkshire,I.R.,Statham,P.J.","Improved x-ray spectrum simulation for electron microprobe analysis"
"DUNCUMB(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,x-ray spectrum simulation, comparison with experimental data","Journal","Microchim. Acta 138, 249-258(2002)","Duncumb,P.,Statham,P.J.","Benefits of X-ray spectrum simulation at low energies"
"DUNN(1989)",1989,"4C3","EPMA,correction by ZAF method","Journal","Comput. & Geosciences 15,9-17(1989)","Dunn,T.","MZAF: A BASIC program for off-line correction of electron microprobe data by the ZAF method"
"DUNN(1994)",1994,"4C7","Lithography,x-ray","Journal","Sol. St. Technology 49-62(June 1994)","Dunn,P.N.","X-ray's future: a cloudy picture"
"DURRANI(2003)",2003,"4A3B","IMRT tutorial","Journal","Physics World, August, 34-35(2003)","Durrani,M.","X-rays pinpoint tumor targets"
"DUTREIX(1965)",1965,"4B07","Early dose enhancement paper","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 40,  177-190(1965)","Dutreix,J.,Dutreix,A.,Tubiana,M.D.","Electronic equilibrium and transition states"
"DUTREIX(1966)",1966,"4B07","Early dose enhancement paper","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 39,  205-210(1966)","Dutreix,J.,Bernard,M.","Dosimetry at interfaces for high energy X and gamma rays"
"DUWEZ(2004)",2004,"4D1","Electron spectroscopies for characterizing self-assembled monolayers","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 134,  97-138(2004)","Duwez,A-S.","Exploiting electron spectroscopies to probe the structure and organization of self-assembled monolayers: a review"
"DWYER(1983)",1983,"1B","Inelastic mfp,effect of elastic scatt","Journal","Vacuum 33,  767-769(1983)","Dwyer,V.M.,Matthew,J.A.D.","The effect of elastic scattering on the effective inelastic mean free path"
"DWYER(1992)",1992,"4D1","AES/XPS,depth distrib funct","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 18,555-560(1992)","Dwyer,V.M.,Richards,J.M.","The depth distribution function in Auger XPS analysis"
"DWYER(1993)",1993,"4D1","Low E electr spectros,transm & refl","Journal","Phys. Rev. A47,3044-3049(1993)","Dwyer,V.M.","Quantitative analysis in low energy electron transmission and reflection spectroscopy"
"DWYER(1993A)",1993,"3A","Elastic backscattering,ang distribution","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  513-518(1993)","Dwyer,V.M.","Angular distribution of electrons elastically backscattered from surfaces"
"DWYER(1993B)",1993,"4D1","AES/XPS,angle-res,depth profile reconst","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  687-695(1993)","Dwyer,V.M.","Reconstruction of the depth profile from angle-resolved AES/XPS"
"DWYER(1994A)",1994,"4E8C","EPES,inelastic mfp from elastic backscattering data","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A12,2680-2684(1994)","Dwyer,V.M.","Extraction of inelastic mean free path data from elastic electron backscattering data"
"DWYER(1994B)",1994,"4D1","AES,elastic scat,material depth profile","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 21,  637-642(1994)","Dwyer,V.M.","Incorporation of elastic scattering into composition depth profile reconstruction from angle-resolved Auger XPS data"
"DWYER(1994C)",1994,"4D1","AES,XPS(ang resolved),depth distrib fn","Journal","Surf. Sci. 310,L621-L624(1994)","Dwyer,V.M.","A practical depth distribution function for angle-resolved Auger/photoelectron spectroscopy"
"EATHER(1966)",1966,"4C6","Auroral hydrogen emission (review?)","Journal","Austral. J. Phys. 19,241-?(1966)","Eather,R.H.,Jacka,F.","Auroral hydrogen emission"
"EATHER(1967)",1967,"4C6","Aurora proton precipitation and hydrogen emissions (review)","Journal","Rev. Geophys. 5,207-?(1967)","Eather,R.H.","Aurora proton precipitation and hydrogen emissions"
"EBEL(1984)",1984,"4D1","Basic equations fo XPS corrected for effect of elastic scattering","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  34,355-362(1984)","Ebel,H;.,Ebel,M.F.,Wernisch,J.,Jablonski,A.","The influence of elastic scattering of electrons on measured X-ray photoelectron signals"
"EBEL(1985)",1985,"4D1","XPS,elastic scattering effect","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  35,155-164(1985)","Ebel,H.,Ebel,M.F.,Jablonski,A.","On the influence of elastic scattering on asymmetric XP signal distribution"
"EBEL(1988)",1988,"4D1","Attenuation lengths,energy-dep","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 12,172-173(1988)","Ebel,H.,Ebel,M.F.,Baldauf,P.,Jablonski,A.","The energy dependence of attenuation lengths in elements"
"EBEL(1989)",1989,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 18,  89-100(1989)","Ebel,H.,Ebel,M.F.,Wernisch,J.,Poehn,C.,Wiederschwinger,H.","Quantification of continuous and characteristic tube spectra for fundamental parameter analysis"
"EBEL(1990)",1990,"1D1","Escape depths fr inelastic mfps,MC calcs,effect of elastic scattering","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  50,109-116(1990)","Ebel,H.,Pohn,C.Swagera,R.,Wernle,M.E.,Ebel,M.F.","Calculation of escape depths from inelastic mean free paths"
"EBEL(1993)",1993,"4D1","Auger electron spectroscopy","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  62,359-370(1993)","Ebel,H.,Ebel,M.F.,Wernisch,J.,Wiederschwinger,H.","Quantification of the excitation of Auger spectra by characteristic and by white x-radiation"
"EBEL(1997)",1997,"4B08","TEY,determination of layer thicknesses,substrate method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26, 28-36(1997)","Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.,Mantler,M.,Ebel,M.F.","Determination of layer thicknesses by total electron yield measurements - substrate method"
"EBEL(1997A)",1997,"4C4","Equations for primary,secondary excited contributions to TEY-jumps","Journal","Microchim. Acta 125, 165-171(1997)","Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.,Ebel,M.F.","Surface analysis by TEY - Theory and applications"
"EBEL(1999A)",1999,"4D1","Thin layer study, comparison of x-ray analytical methods","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 42,   62-75(1999)","Ebel,M.F.,Svagera,R.,Lindner,M.,Praxmarer,N.,Hager,C.,Ebel,H.","Investigations of thin layers by TEY, XRF, EPMA, and XPS - A comparison of x-ray analytical methods"
"EBEL(1999B)",1999,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra (review)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,255-266(1999)","Ebel,H.","X-ray tube spectra"
"EBEL(2000A)",2000,"4D1","Detection limits of TEY, compared to EPMA,XPS","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 42,   91-98(2000)","Ebel,M.F.,Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.","Considerations on the detection limit of TEY (total electron yield)"
"EBEL(2000B)",2000,"4C2","EPMA,x-ray spectra as function of angle of incidence","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 42, 472-479(2000)??","Ebel,M.F.,Svagera,R.,Lindner,M.,Praxmarer,N.,Hager,C.,Ebel,H.","Investigation of electron excited x-ray spectra in dependence on the angle of electron incidence"
"EBEL(2000C)",2000,"4D1","TEY, theoretical approach, Au-Cu alloys,layers on GaAs substrates","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 43, 519-533(2000)","Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.,Ebel,M.F.","Quantitative surface analysis by x-ray induced electron emission"
"EBEL(2001B)",2001,"4D1","Universal curve for electron escape probabilities studied","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 44, 380-385(2001)","Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.,Ebel,M.F.,Werner,W.S.M.","Comparison of three universal curves for the escape probability of x-ray excited electrons. I. Theory"
"EBEL(2001C)",2001,"4D1","TEY used to investigate concept of universal curves for escape prob","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 44, 386-391(2001)","Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.,Ebel,M.F.,Werner,W.S.M.","Comparison of three universal curves for the escape probability of x-ray excited electrons. II. Evaluation of layer thicknesses as determined by total electron yield (TEY)"
"EBEL(2001D)",2001,"4C4","Influence of multiple ionizations on quantitative XRF","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,139-142(2001)","Ebel,H.,Sagera,R.,Ebel,M.F.","Multiple ionization in quantitative XRF"
"EBEL(2002A)",2002,"4C4","TXRF, setups for quantitative total reflection XRF","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,368-372(2002)","Ebel,H.","Quantification of the monochromatic photon flux of refractive x-ray monochromators in the energy rang from 10 to 30 keV"
"EBEL(2002B)",2002,"4B08","Total electron yield(TEY) measurements,theory","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,437-440(2002)","Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.,Ebel,M.F.","Total electron yield of electrons emitted by x-ray excitation from layered AlxGa(1-x)As-GaAs structures"
"EBEL(2003A)",2003,"4D1","XPS,secondary excitation,experimental evidence,Au on Mg substrates","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 131-132,145-151(2003)","Ebel,M.F.,Svagera,R.,Ashury,R.,Ebel,H.,Zalm,P.C.,Van der Marel,C.","Experimental evidence for secondary excitation in X-ray photoelectron spectrometry"
"EBEL(2003B)",2003,"1A","Database of photoelect abs coeffs developed for fund param programs","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,442-451(2003)","Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.,Ebel,M.F.,Shaltout,A.,Hubbell,J.H.","Numerical description of photoelectric absorption coefficients of fundamental parameter programs"
"EBEL(2004)",2004,"4C4","TEY,XRFA have similar theoretical concepts,fund. param. algorithms","Journal","Powder Diffraction 19,  90-96(2004)","Ebel,H.","Quantitative analysis by x-ray induced total electron yield (TEY) compared to XRFA"
"EBERT(1969)",1969,"3B","Electron transm,backsc,4-12 MeV","Journal","Phys. Rev. 183, 422-430(1969)","Ebert,P.J.,Lauzon,A.F.,Lent,E.M.","Transmission and backscattering of 4.0- to 12.0-MeV electrons"
"EBERT(1996)",1996,"4A1","Photon,electron beam modelling,M.C.,analy","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 19,131-150(1996)","Ebert,M.A.,Hoban,P.W.,Keall,P.J.","Modeling clinical accelerator beams: a review"
"EDWARDS(1997)",1997,"4B09","Dosimeters,solid state","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,2383-2391(1997)","Edwards,C.R.,Green,S.Palethorpe,J.E.,Mountford,P.J.","The responses of a MOSFET, p-type semiconductor and LiF TLD to quasi-monoenergetic x-rays"
"EDWARDS(2001)",2001,"4A7","Space travellers subject to cosmic rays,esp high LET radiations","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:147-152(2001)","Edwards,A.A.","RBE of radiations in space and the implications for space travel"
"EGERTON(1978)",1978,"4E8A","Expressions for elemental concentration,EELS,cross sections","Journal","Ultramicroscopy     3,243-251(1978)","Egerton,R.F.","Formulae for light-element microanalysis by electron energy-loss spectrometry"
"EGERTON(1989)",1989,"4E8B","Plural scattering from EELS,diel function,thickness,microanalysis","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   28,215-225(1989)","Egerton,R.F.","Quantitative analysis of electron-energy-loss spectra"
"EGERTON(1991)",1991,"4E8A","EELS,accuracy of elemental analysis","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 2,203-213(1991)","Egerton,R.F.","Factors affecting the accuracy of elemental analysis by transmission EELS"
"EGERTON(1993)",1988,"1B","Inner shell cross section parametrization","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   50,  13-28(1993)","Egerton,R.F.","Oscillator strength parameterization of inner-shell cross-sections"
"EGERTON(1996)",1988,"4E8B","K-shell ionization cross sections,improved hydrogenic model","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   63,  11-13(1996)","Egerton,R.F.","Improvement of the hydrogenic model to give more accurate values of K-shell ionization cross sections"
"EGERTON(2002)",2002,"4E8A","EELS,background-fitting near ionization-threshold energy","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   92,  47-56(2002)","Egerton,R.F.,Malac,M.","Improved background-fitting algorithms for ionization edges in electron energy-loss spectra"
"EGERTON(2005A)",2005,"4E8B","EELS described,instrumentation,comparison to other spectros techniqs","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,  43-50(2005)","Egerton,R.F.,Malac,M.","EELS in the TEM (review)"
"EGERTON(2005B)",2002,"4E8A","Method for improving resolution of X-ray,electron spectra (EELS)","Journal","Micron (in press), (2006?)","Egerton,R.F.,Qian,H.,Malac,M.","Improving the energy resolution of X-ray and electron energy-loss spectra"
"EGGERT(2006)",2006,"4C3","Standardless EPMA spectra simulation,calculation of local P/B ratios","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,129–136 (2006)","Frank Eggert","EDX-spectra simulation in electron probe microanalysis. Optimization of excitation conditions and detection limits"
"EHRFELD(1998)",1998,"4C7","Deep x-ray lithography,review. Photoelectrons are important","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B16,3526-3534(1998)","Ehrfeld,W.,Schmidt,A.","Recent developments in deep x-ray lithography (review)"
"EHRGOTT(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Optimal beam directions & intensity profiles for radiation therapy","Journal","OR Spectrum 25,251-264(2003)","Matthias Ehrgott, Rick Johnston","Optimisation of beam directions in intensity modulated radiation therapy planning"
"EIBL(1993A)",1993,"1B","New method for absorption correction, quantitative EDX microanalysis","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   50,179-188(1993)","O. Eibl","New method for absorption correction in high-accuracy, quantitative EDX microanalysis in the TEM including low-energy x-ray lines"
"EIBL(1993B)",1993,"1B","Absorption correction in quantitative EDX microanalysis","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   50,203-205(1993)","O. Eibl","Improved, parameterless, constant-current method for absorption correction in quantitative EDX microanalysis in the TEM"
"EICHLER(1997)",1997,"4C1","Random walk model of positron diffusion used to extract info from data","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 116,155-161(1997)","Eichler,S.,Hubner,C.,Krause-Rehberg,R.","A Monte-Carlo simulation of positron diffusion in solids"
"EISEN(1972A)",1972,"3C","Depth-dose,2.0 MeV electrons,Al,Cu,Sn","Journal","Int J Appl Radiat Isot 23,  97-108(1972)","Eisen,H.,Rosenstein,M.,Silverman,J.","2.0 MeV electron depth-dose measurements in aluminum, copper, and tin absorbers using a radiochromic dye film"
"EISEN(1972B)",1972,"3C","Depth-dose,e-beam,2-layer absorbers","Journal","Radiat. Res.  52,429-447(1972)","Eisen,H.,Rosenstein,M.,Silverman,J.","Electron depth-dose distribution measurements in two-layer slab absorbers"
"EISENHAUER(1980)",1980,"4A2","Pencil beam model","Journal","Radiat. Res.  81,336-354(1980)","Eisenhauer,C.","Model for diffusion of a narrow beam of charged particles"
"EISENSCHMIDT(1992)",1992,"4D3","SEM,backscatt,secondary electrons","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta   12, 125-129(1992)","Eisenschmidt,C.,Werner,U.","Monte Carlo simulation of backscattered and secondary electron profiles"
"EKLOF(1990)",1990,"4A1A","Method for calculating energy deposition kernels,therapy planning","Journal","Acta Oncol. 29,447-454(1990)","Eklof,A.,Ahnesjo,A.,Brahme,A.","Photon beam energy deposition kernels for inverse radiotherapy planning"
"EKLOF(1999)",1999,"2G","Photon beams,energy deposition kernels","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,1655-1668(1999)","Eklof,A.,Brahme,A.","Composite energy deposition kernels for focused point monodirectional photon beams"
"ELAM(2002)",2002,"4C4","Database for fundamental parameters,calc of XRF spectra,etc.","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63,  121-128(2002)","Elam,W.T.,Ravel,B.D.,Sieber,J.R.","A new atomic database for X-ray spectroscopic calculations"
"EL-GOMATI(1998)",1998,"3A","Electron backscattering, 0.5-6.0 keV,8 elements","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,325-331(1998)","El-Gomati,M.M.,Assa'd,A.M.D.","On the measurement of the backscattering coefficient for low energy electrons"
"EL-GOMATI(2005)",2005,"4D3","Different SE yields,brightness seen in n-,p-type semiconductors","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  901-911(2005)","El-Gomati,M.,Zaggout,F.,Jayacody,H.,Tear,S.,Wilson,K.","Why is it possible to detect doped regions of semiconductors in low voltage SEM: a review and update"
"ELKHATIB(1987)",1987,"4B02","Photon attenuation","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 135-139(1987)","Elkhatib,E.E.,Podgorsak,E.B.,Pla,C.","Broad beam and narrow beam attenuation in Lipowitz metal"
"ELLIS(1996)",1996,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 11,  409R-442R(1996)","Ellis,A.T.,Potts,P.J.,Holmes,M.,Oliver,G.J.,Streli,C.,Wobrauschek,P.","Atomic spectrometry update: x-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"ELLIS(1997)",1997,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 12,  461R-490R(1997)","Ellis,A.T.,Potts,P.J.,Holmes,M.,Oliver,G.J.,Streli,C.,Wobrauschek,P.","Atomic spectrometry update: x-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"ELLIS(1998)",1998,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 13,  209R-232R(1998)","Ellis,A.T.,Holmes,M.,Kregsamer,P.,Potts,P.J.,Streli,C.,West,M.,Wobrauschek,P.","Atomic spectrometry update: x-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"EL-WAKIL(2001)",2002,"2C","S-L equation,moment method,energy deposition in Al","Journal","JQRST 68,583-592(2001)","El-Wakil,Abdou,M.A.,Elhanbaly,A.","On the solution of Spencer-Lewis equation in an infinite medium"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2000)",2000,"4E5","Event-by-event Monte Carlo code for track structure studies described","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,3171-3194(2000)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Papamichael,G.,Kostarelos,K.,Moscovitch,M.","A Monte Carlo track structure code for electrons (approximately 10 eV-10 keV) and protons (approximately 0.3-10 MeV) in water partitioning of energy and collision events"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2001A)",2001,"4A7","Simulation, track structure,microdosimetry","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:113-114(2001)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Papamichael,G.,Moscovitch.M.","Monte Carlo simulation of charged particle transport in biomatter"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2001B)",2001,"4E5","Stochastic analysis of particle tracks in water (very brief article)","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 61,  397-398(2001)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Papamichael,G.,Moscovitch,M.","Charged particle interactions in water: cross-sections and simulation"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2002A)",2002,"4C1","Calcs of inelastic mfp,collision stp powers for electrons <10keV in H2O","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B193,  71-78(2002)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Moscovitch,M.","Inelastic collision characteristics of electrons in liquid water"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2002B)",2002,"4E5","Electron inelast cross sects for water,semi-empirical  models","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,  39-46(2002)","Emfietzoglou,D.","Semi-empirical inelastic cross sections for electron transport in water"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2002C)",2002,"1B","Energy loss mechanism,inelastic interactions,dielectric approach","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.100,153-158(2002)","Emfietzoglou,D.","Modeling the energy-loss mechanism of charged particles in organic solids"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2003A)",2005,"4E5","Secondary electron spectra for proton impact on water calculated","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B209,239-245(2003)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Moscovitch,M.","Secondary electron spectra for fast proton impact on gaseous and liquid water"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2003B)",2003,"4E5","Monte Carlo simulation,transport of 50 eV-10 keV electrons in H2O","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,2355-2371(2003)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Karava,K.,Papamichael,G.,Moscovitch,M.","Monte Carlo simulation of the energy loss of low-energy electrons in liquid water"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2003C)",2003,"4E5","Inelastic cross-sections,liquid water","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 66,  373-385(2003)","Emfietzoglou,D.","Inelastic cross-sections for electron transport in liquid water: a comparison of dielectric models"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2004A)",2004,"4E5","Improved diel response model,secondary electron transport simulations","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 51,2872-2879(2004)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Akkerman,A.,Barak,J.","New Monte Carlo calculations of charged particle track-structure in silicon"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2004B)",2004,"4E6","Event-by-event simulation, transport of protons 0.5–10 MeV,electrons","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.110,871-879(2004)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Karava,K., Papamichael,G., Moscovitch,M.","Monte-Carlo calculations of radial dose and restricted-LET for protons in water"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2005A)",2005,"4E5","Low energy electron tracks in water(vapor and liquid)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B228,341-348(2005)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Papamichael,G.,Androulidakis,Karava,K.,Kostarelos,K.,Pathak,A.,Moscovitch,M.","A Monte-Carlo study of sub-keV electron transport in water: the influence of the condensed phase"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2005B)",2005,"4E5","Study of how scattering model approxs affect single-collision distribs","Journal","Radiat. Res. 163,  98-111(2005)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Nikjoo,H.","The effect of model approximations on single-collision distributions of low-energy electrons in liquid water"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2005C)",2005,"4E5","Complete,computationally simple model for diel response fn for water","Journal","Radiat. Res. 164,202-211(2005)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Cucinotta,F.A.,Nikjoo,H.","A complete dielectric response model for liquid water: a solution of the Bethe Ridge problem;"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2006A)",2006,"4E6","Proton electronic stopping in liq water,Drude dielectric function model","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B242,  55-60(2006)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Pathak,A.,Papamichael,G.,Kostarelos,K.,Dhamodaran,S.,Sathish,N.,Moscovitch,M.","A study on the electronic stopping of protons in soft biological mattter"
"EMFIETZOGLOU(2006B)",2006,"4E5","Tracks of protons,sec. electrons in water - dosimetric distributions","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B245,  80-84(2006)","Emfietzoglou,D.,Paganetti,H.,Papamichael,G.,Pathak,A.","Monte Carlo calculation of nanoscale dosimetric distributions of MeV proton tracks with secondary electron transport"
"ENDO(2002)",2002,"4E5","Simulaton of protons (100 eV-10 MeV) in water vapor","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B194,123-131(2002)","Endo,S.,Yoshida,E.,Nikjoo,H.,Uehara,S.,Hoshi,M.,Ishikawa,M.,Shizuma,K.","A Monte Carlo track structure code for low energy protons"
"ENTINZON(1995)",1995,"3B","Electron transmission, simulation","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 46,     3-9(1995)","Entinzon,I.R.,Isarova,E.V.","Simulation of electron transmission through a substance taking into account multiple scattering"
"ERBIL(1988)",1988,"4B08","EXAFS data obtained from TEY expts,long elect range Auger electrons","Journal","Phys. Rev. B37,2450-2464(1988)","Erbil,A.,Cargill,G.S.,Frahm,R.Boehme,R.F.","Total-electron-yield current measurements for near-surface extended X-ray-absorption fine structure"
"ERDI(1996)",1996,"4A3A","Radio-immunotherapy (RIT) treatment planning, prospects","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,2009-2026(1996)","Alev K Erdi, Yusuf E Erdi, Ellen D Yorke, Barry W Wessels","Treatment planning for radio-immunotherapy"
"ERTOGRUL(2004)",2004,"1B","M x-ray prod cross sections for 22 elements from 70-92,1-1500 keV","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,136-145(2004)","Ertugrul,M.,Sade,K.Erdogan,H.","Calculation of M x-ray production cross sections from 1-1500 keV in the atomic region 70=<Z=<92"
"ESHED(2002)",2002,"4C1","Positron annhilation, recent results","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   89,75503-75506(2002)","Eshed,A.,Goktepeli,S.,Kolymen,A.R.,Kim,S.,Chen,W.C.,O'Kelly,D.J.,Sterne,P.A.,Weiss,A.H.","Gamma spectra resulting from the annihilation of positrons with electrons in a single core level"
"ESPINOSA-MAGANA(2002)",2002,"4E8A","EELS spectra,TiC,ZrC,HfC,optical joint density of states found","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 125,119-125(2002)","Espinosa-Magana,F.,Duarte-Moller,A.,Martinez-Sanchez,R.,Miki-Yoshida,M.","Electron energy loss spectroscopy of TiC, ZrC and HfC"
"ETCHEVERY(1996)",1996,"3C","Energy deposition curves,keV M.C.","Journal","Anal. Assoc. Quim. Argentina 84,221-226(1996)","Etecheverry,J.I.,Martinez,O.E.","Monte Carlo calculation of the keV electron energy dissipation curves in compound materials"
"EVDOKIMOV(1974)",1974,"2C","Electron transport in medium with boundaries,Spencer-Lewis eq","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  55,  67-75(1974)","Evdokimov,O.B.,Yalovets,A.P.","Calculation of electron transport in a slab"
"EVERHART(1960)",1960,"3A","Backscatter,simple model","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 31,1483-1490(1960)","Everhart,T.E.","Simple theory concerning the reflection of electrons in solids"
"EVERHART(1971)",1971,"3C","Energy deposition profile model","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 42,5837-5846(1971)","Everhart,T.E.,Hoff,P.H.","Determination of kilovolt electron energy dissipation vs penetration distance in solid materials"
"EYGES(1948)",1948,"4A2","Multiple scattering","Journal","Phys. Rev.   74,1534-1535(1948)","Eyges,L.","Multiple scattering with energy loss"
"EZZELL(2003)",2003,"4A3B","AAPM report on implementation of IMRT","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,2089-2115(2003)","Ezzell,G.A.,Galvin,J.M.,Low,D.,Palta,J.R.,Rosen,I.,Sharpe,M.B.,Xia,P.,Xiao,Y.,Xing,L.,Yu,C.X.","Guidance document on delivery, treatment planning, and clinical implementation of IMRT: Report of the IMRT subcommittee of the AAPM radiation therapy committee"
"FADDEGON(1990)",1990,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung,10-30 MeV,Al,Pb","Journal","Med. Phys. 17, 773-785(1990)","Faddegon,B.A.,Ross,C.K.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Forward directed bremsstrahlung of 10-30 MeV electrons incident on thick targets of Al and Pb"
"FADDEGON(1991A)",1991,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung,angular distrib,expt","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 727-739(1991)","Faddegon,B.A.,Ross,C.K.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Angular distribution of bremsstrahlung from 15-MeV electrons incident on thick targets of Be, Al, and Pb"
"FADDEGON(1991B)",1991,"4B10","NaI detector,response,calib,spectra","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A301,138-149(1991)","Faddegon,B.A.,Van der Zwan,L.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Precision response function estimation, energy calibration, and unfolding of spectra measured with a large NaI detector"
"FADDEGON(1993)",1993,"2B","Bremsstrahlung calc by EGS4, ITS","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A327,556-565(1993)","Faddegon,B.A.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Comparisons of thick-target bremsstrahlung calculations by EGS4 and ITS"
"FADDEGON(1998)",1998,"4A3A","Treatment planning,Monte Carlo","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  217-227(1998)","Faddegon,B.,Balogh,J.,Mackenzie,R.,Scora,D.","Clinical considerations of Monte Carlo for electron radiotherapy treatment planning"
"FADDEGON(2004)",2004,"4A1A","X-ray targets for high energy linear accelerators","Journal","Med. Phys. 31,    91-97 (2004)","Faddegon,B.,Egley,B.,Steinberg,T.","Comparison of beam characteristics of a gold x-ray target and a tungsten replacement target"
"FAHEY(2002)",2002,"4A5C","Basics of PET imaging,data acquisition approaches,2D,3D PET","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 30,  39-49(2002)","Fahey,F.H.","Data acquisition in PET imaging"
"FAHRENKAMP(2003)",2003,"4C6","Proton and electron auroras","Journal","Science 300,1477(2003)","Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink,J.","PLANETARY SCIENCE: Cracks in the Shield"
"FAN(1993)",1993,"4C4","XRF intensities,film thickness,M.C.simul","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,  11-12(1993)","Fan,Q.","Simulation of relationships between substrate XRF intensities and film thicknesses"
"FAN(1996)",1996,"4B01","Electron shielding in space,graded-Z","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 43,2790-2796(1996)","Fan,W.C,Drumm,C.R.,Roeske,S.B.,Scrivner,G.J.","Shielding considerations for satellite microelectronics"
"FANG(2004)",2004,"4C6","3-D MC model for transverse beam spreading of auroral protons","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.109, A  4,p.A04309(2004)","Fang,X.H.,Lemohn,M.W.,Kozyra,J.U.,Solomon,S.C.","Quantification of the spreading effect of auroral proton precipitation"
"FANO(1956)",1956,"1C","Multiple scatt, Moliere theory","Journal","Phys. Rev.   93,  117-$(1956)","Fano,U.","Inelastic collisions and the Moliere theory of multiple scattering"
"FARAHANI(1990)",1990,"4B07","Interface dose,dental materials","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 35,  369-385(1990)","Farahani,M.,Eichmiller,F.C.,McLaughlin,W.L.","Measurement of absorbed doses near metal and dental material interfaces irradiated by x-ray and gamma-ray therapy beams"
"FARHANG(1993)",1993,"4D3","Backscattering,sec emission,carbon","Journal","J. Phys. D 26,2266-2271(1993)","Farhang,H.,Napchan,E.,Blott,B.H.","Electron backscattering and secondary electron emission from carbon targets: comparison of experimental results with Monte Carlo simulations"
"FARRELL(2005)",2005,"1B","Positron IMFPs,wide range of materials, based on Tanuma et al results","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  529-533(2005)","Farrell,H.H.,Denison,A.B.","Semi-empirical inelastic mean free paths for positrons"
"FARTHING(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative,universal correction method","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta   12, 117-124(1992)","Farthing,I.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.,Walker,C.T.","A modular universal correction procedure for quantitative EPMA"
"FARTHING(1993)",1993,"4C3","Microprobe analysis program","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series 130,145-148(1993)","Farthing,I.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.,Walker,C.T.","A versatile computer program for improving the precision of quantitative electron probe microanalysis results"
"FATHERS(1978)",1978,"2E","Electron transport equation matrix approach,backscattering","Conference","Proc. 13th Annual Conf of Microbeam Analysis Society,Ann Arbor,MI,1978","Fathers,D.,Rez,P","A transport equation theory of electron backscattering and x-ray production"
"FATHERS(1979)",1979,"2E","Electron backscattering,transport theory approach","Journal","Scanning Electron Micros. 1979,  I,55-66(1979)","Fathers,D.,Rez,P","A transport equation theory of electron backscattering"
"FATHERS(1980)",1980,"2E","Electron transport equation matrix approach,x-ray microanalysis","Book","Electron Microscopy 1980,vol 3,152-153","Fathers,D.,Skarnulis","The application of standardless x-ray microanalysis to biological materials"
"FATHERS(1984)",1984,"2E","Electron scattering,transport theory approach","Book","Electron Beam Interactions with Solids, ed. D.F. Kyser, H. Niedrig, D.E. Newbury, R. Shimizu, (SEM Inc.),193-208(1984)","Fathers,D.,Rez,P","A transport theory of electron scattering in solids"
"FAW(1990)",1990,"4B03","Beta-ray spectra,PTB standard","Journal","Health Phys. 59,311-324(1990)","Faw,R.E.,Simons,G.G.,Gianakon,T.A.,Bayouth,J.E.","Simulation of angular and energy distributions of the PTB beta-secondary standard"
"FAZLEEV(1997)",1997,"4D2","PAES,positron bound states at metal surfaces,Auger emission","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 116,304-310(1997)","Faxleev,N.G.,Kuttler,K.H.,Fry,J.L.,Weiss,A.H.","Annihilation of positrons trapped at the (100) and (111) surfaces of Si"
"FAZLEEV(2003A)",2003,"4D2","PAES studies of 2 faces of Si,core-hole factors,relationships explored","Journal","Phys. Rev. B68,245307(2003)","Fazleev,N.G.,Kim,J.,Fry,J.L.,Weiss,A.H.","Positron-annihilation-induced Auger electron spectroscopy studies of the (100) and (111) surfaces  of silicon"
"FAZLEEV(2003B)",2003,"4D2","High resolution PAES Auger spectrum for SI(111)","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68,  613-617(2003)","Fazleev,N.G.,Fry,J.L.,Starnes,S.,Weiss,A.H.","Studies of the Auger spectrum from the SI(111) surface using positron annihilation induced Auger electron spectroscopy"
"FEHL(1993)",1993,"2C","Dose depth,1D,mixed photon/electrons","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1361-1370(1993)","Fehl,D.L.","A simple one-dimensional model for understanding planar dose versus depth profiles in mixed photon electron fields"
"FEIERTAG(1997)",1997,"4C7","X-ray lithography","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 35,557-560(1997)","Feiertag,G.,Ehrfeld,W.,Lehr,H.,Schmidt,A.,Schmidt,M.","Accuracy of structure transfer in deep x-ray lithography"
"FELDMAN(1992)",1992,"4C7","X-ray lithography, resolution limits","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B10,3173-3176(1992)","Feldman,M.,Sun,J.","Resolution limits in x-ray lithography"
"FERNANDEZ(1989A)",1989,"4B02","Photon transport","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A280,212-221(1989)","Fernandez,J.E.,Molinari,B.G.,Sumini,M.","Effect of the x-ray scattering anisotropy on the diffusion of photons in the frame of the transport theory"
"FERNANDEZ(1989B)",1989,"4C3","XRF intensity,transport theory","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 18,271-279(1989)","Fernandez,J.E.","XRF intensity in the frame of the transport theory"
"FERNANDEZ(1991A)",1991,"4B02","Photon transport","Journal","Phys. Rev. A44,4232-4248(1991)","Fernandez,J.E.","Compton and Rayleigh double scattering of unpolarized radiation"
"FERNANDEZ(1991B)",1991,"4C3","X-ray spectra","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 20,315-319(1991)","Fernandez,J.E.,Sumini,M.","SHAPE: a computer simulation of energy-dispersive x-ray spectra"
"FERNANDEZ(1992)",1992,"4C4","x-ray fluorescence","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 21,  57-68(1992)","Fernandez,J.E.","Rayleigh and Compton scattering contributions to x-ray fluorescence intensity"
"FERNANDEZ(1993A)",1993,"4B02","Photon transport,polarized","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  73,341-351(1993)","Fernandez,J.E.,Molinari,V.G.","Diffusion of polarized photons in the frame of the transport theory"
"FERNANDEZ(1993B)",1993,"4B02","Photon transport,polarized","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 41,  579-630(1993)","Fernandez,J.E.,Hubbell,J.H.,Hanson,A.L.,Spencer,L.V.","Polarization effects on multiple scattering gamma transport"
"FERNANDEZ(1993C)",1993,"4B02","Photon transport,polarized","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,286-292(1993)","Fernandez,J.E.","Polarization effects in x-ray photon diffusion"
"FERNANDEZ(1995A)",1995,"4C4","X-ray fluor spectrum,complex analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 24,277-282(1995)","Fernandez,J.E.,Tartari,A.","EDXRF procedure for quantitative analysis matching theoretically generated reference spectra to measured spectra"
"FERNANDEZ(1995B)",1995,"4B02","Photon transport,polarized","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 24,283-292(1995)","Fernandez,J.E.","Polarization effects and photon transport in x-ray spectrometry"
"FERNANDEZ(1995C)",1995,"4B02","Polarization in gamma spectrom,vector transport eqn","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46, 383-400(1995)","Fernandez,J.E.","Polarization effects and gamma-transport"
"FERNANDEZ(1996)",1996,"4B02","Photon transport,polarized","Journal","J. Trace Microprobe Techn 14,489-516(1996)","Fernandez,J.E.","Polarization effects in x-ray/matter interactions"
"FERNANDEZ(1997)",1997,"4B02","Photon transport,polarized","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 48,1635-1646(1997)","Fernandez,J.E.","Monte Carlo simulation of linearly polarized photons"
"FERNANDEZ(1998A)",1998,"4B02","Photon transport,polarized","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49,   83-87(1998)","Fernandez,J.E.","Non-linear effects in polarized photon transport"
"FERNANDEZ(1998B)",1998,"4C4","XRF,polarized photon transport,M.C.simulation","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,325-331(1998)","Fernandez,J.E.,Bastiano,M.,Tartari,A.","Vector Monte Carlo for simulation of polarized photons"
"FERNANDEZ(1999)",1999,"4B02","Photon transp,polarized,Boltz vector eqn","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 56,    27-59(1999)","Fernandez,J.E.","Polarization effects in multiple scattering photon calculations using the Boltzmann vector equation"
"FERNANDEZ(2000)",2000,"4C3","Microbeam analysis,mathematical modelling,3D el/phot transport","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 219-224(2000)","Fernández,J.E.,Molinari,V.G.,Teodori,F.","Mathematical modeling of 3D electron-photon transport in microbeam analysis"
"FERNANDEZ(2003)",2003,"4B02","Monte Carlo code for simulation of polarized photon transport","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 46, 363-368(2003).","Fernandez,J.E.,Molinari,V.,Bastiano,M.,Scot,V.","MCSHAPE: a Monte Carlo code for simulation of polarized photon transport"
"FERNANDEZ(2004A)",2004,"0A","Summary of IRRMA-V meeting,begins special issue of NIM","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,  vii-viii(2004)","Fernandez,J.E.,Tartari,A.,Gardner,R.P.,Dunn,R.P.","Editorial (re: IRRMA-V, Bologna, Italy, 9-14 June 2002)"
"FERNANDEZ(2004B)",2004,"4B02","MCSHAPE,photon MC with x-ray polarization","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,105-107(2004)","Fernandez,J.E.,Molinari,V.G.,Bastiano,M.,Scot,V.","Diffusion of photons with arbitrary state of polarization: the Monte Carlo code MCSHAPE"
"FERNANDEZ(2005)",2005,"4C4","XRF,photons deep in target undergo photon transport before escape","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,    7-10(2005)","Fernandez,J.E.,molinari,V.G.,Teodori,F.","Analysis of the effects of geometry on the fluorescence radiation field in the frame of transport theory"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(1991)",1991,"2B","Monte Carlo,unconventional approach","Journal","J. Phys. D 24,  814-826(1991)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Martinez,J.D.,Salvat,F.","A simplified method for the detailed Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(1992)",1992,"1B","Inelastic scattering models,comparison","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   4,2879-2890(1992)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Mayol,R.,Salvat,F.,Liljequist,D.","A comparison of inelastic electron scattering models based on delta-function representations of the Bethe surface"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(1993A)",1993,"1B","Inelastic scattering model","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   5,3593-3610(1993)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Mayol,R.,Liljequist,D.,Salvat,F.","Inelastic scattering of electrons in solids from a generalized oscillator strength model using optical and photoelectric data"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(1993B)",1993,"1C","Electron scattering,multiple,theory","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  73,447-473(1993)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Mayol,R.,Baro,J.,Salvat,F.","On the theory and simulation of multiple elastic scattering of electrons"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(1993C)",1993,"1B","Electron scattering,elastic","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  82,  39-45(1993)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Mayol,R.,Salvat,F.","Cross sections for elastic scattering of fast electrons and positrons by atoms"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(1996A)",1996,"2B","PENELOPE M.C.code,principles","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B108, 35-50(1996)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Liljequist,D.,Csillag,S.,Raty,R.,Salvat,F.","Monte-Carlo simulation of 0.1-100 keV electron and positron transport in solids using optical-data and partial-wave methods"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(1996B)",1996,"1C","Detour factors,H20,range,depth scaling","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1119-1139(1996)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Andreo,P.,Tabata,T.","Detour factors in water and plastic phantoms and their use for range and depth scaling in electron beam dosimetry"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(1998)",1998,"2B","Monte Carlo simulation,inelastic scattering","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  235-245(1998)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.","Monte Carlo simulation of the inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons using optical data models"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(2005A)",2005,"1B","Inelastic scattering cross sections,electrons,positrons,10 eV-1 GeV","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B229,187-218(2005)","Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Salvat,F.,Dingfelder,M.,Liljequist,D.","A relativistic optical-data model for inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons in condensed matter"
"FERNANDEZ-VAREA(2005B)",2005,"1B","Theor & approx cross sects,>100 eV,elastic,inelastic,bremsstrahlung","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  824-832(2005)","Fernández-Varea,J.M.,Llovet,X.,Salvat,F.","Cross sections for electron interactions in condensed matter"
"FERRARI-A(1992)",1992,"1C","Multiple scattering of charged particles","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  71,412-416(1992)","Ferrari,A.,Sala,P.R.,Guaraldi,R.,Padoani,F.","An improved multiple scattering model for charged particle transport (Knoxville Shielding Conf. Reference)"
"FERRARI-A(2001)",2001,"2H","FLUKA code,Monte Carlo, cosmic rays, radiation","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:  72-80(2001)","Ferrari,A.,Ranft,J.,Sala,P.R.","The FLUKA radiation transport code and its use for space problems"
"FERRARI-P(2005)",2005,"4A1C","Voxel phantom NORMAN employed with MCNP Monte Carlo code","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,4299-4316(2005)","Ferrari,P.,Gualdrini,G.","An improved MCNP version of the NORMAN voxel phantom for dosimetry studies"
"FERRIS(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Gamma knife,treatment plan,solving series of optimization problems","Journal","SIIAM J. Optimization 13,921-937(2003)","Ferris,M.C.,Lim,J.,Shepard,D.M.","An optimization approach for radiosurgery treatment planning"
"FIALIN(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,WDS,new computer program","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 7,153-166(1993)","Fialin,M.,Henoc,J.,Remond,G.","A survey of electron probe microanalysis using soft radiations: difficulties and presentation of a new computer program for wavelength dispersive spectrometry"
"FIGUEROA(2003B)",2003,"4C4","Theory based on SEICXRF method compared with MC and data","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,307-311(2003)","Figueroa,R.,Garcia,M.,Brusa,D.","Comparison between intensity jumps in experimental, simulated and theoretical multielemental spectra"
"FIGUEROA(2006)",2006,"4C3","Invariant imbedding approach to EPMA described","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 99, 044909, p 1-5 (2006)","C. Figueroa, H. Brizuela, S. P. Heluania","Invariant embedding approach to microanalysis: Procedure to thin film characterization"
"FILIPPONE(1986A)",1986,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation solution","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  92,421-439(1986)","Filippone,W.L.","Analytic solution of the Spencer-Lewis angular-spatial moments equations"
"FILIPPONE(1986B)",1986,"2C","S-L equation derived from Boltzmann eq;time dep generalized S-L eq","Journal","Transport Theory and Statistical Physics 15,629-649(1986)","Filippone,W.L.","The generalized Spencer-Lewis equation"
"FILIPPONE(1987A)",1987,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation,streaming ray solution","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  95,  22-46(1987)","Filippone,W.L.,Smith,M.S.,Woolf,S.,Garth,J.C.","The streaming ray formulation of electron transport"
"FILIPPONE(1987B)",1987,"2C","2-D transport equation soln,dose profiles due to electron beam","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 34,1564-1568(1987)","Filippone,W.L.,Woolf,S.,Garth,J.C.","Two-dimensional transport equation calculations of dose profiles due to electron beam irradiation"
"FILIPPONE(1988A)",1988,"2C","Electron scattering matrices (""Smart"")","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  99,232-250(1988)","Filippone,W.L.","The theory and application of smart electron scattering matrices"
"FILIPPONE(1988B)",1988,"2C","Smart scattering matrices for electron Monte Carlo calcs","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 100,201-208(1988).","Filippone,W.L.,S.Woolf","Smart scattering matrices for single collision electron Monte Carlo calculations"
"FILIPPONE(1990)",1990,"2F","3-D discrete ordinates method","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 105,  52-58(1990)","Filippone,W.L.,Monahan,S.P.,Woolf,S.,Garth,J.C.","3-dimensional multiregion Sn solutions of the Spencer-Lewis electron transport equation"
"FILIPPONE(1992)",1992,"2C","Discrete ordinates calcs","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 112,   1-15(1992)","Filippone,W.L.,Morel,J.E.,Walters,W.F.","An extended 1st collision source method for electron beam source problems"
"FILIPPOV(2001)",2001,"4C4","X-ray emission analysis of solids using two analytical signals","Journal","J. Anal. Chem. 56,  729-735(2001)","Filippov,M.N.,Kupryanova,T.A.,Lyamina,O.I.","Simultaneous determination of the concentration of elements and their speciation in solid samples using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"FINKELSHTEIN(1993)",1993,"4C4","XRF,absorption,secondary fluorescence effects","Journal","J. Anal. Chem. 48,1084-1087(1993)","Finkelshtein,A.L.,Afonin,V.P.","Separate correction for absorption and secondary fluorescence effects in x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"FINKELSHTEIN(1997)",1997,"4C4","XRF,effect of 4 atten coeff sets,comparison","Journal","Industrial Laboratory 63,78-79(1997)","Finkelshtein,A.L.,Gunich,T.V.","A comparison of attenuation coefficient techniques used in x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"FINKELSHTEIN(1999)",1999,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra,calculation algorithm","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,  27-32(1999)","Finkelshtein,A.L.,Pavlova,T.O.","Calculation of x-ray tube spectral distributions"
"FIORI(1976)",1976,"4C3","EPMA,prediction of continuum intensity","Journal","Anal. Chem. 48,  172-176(1976)","Fiori,C.E.,Myklebust,R.L.,Heinrich,K.F.J.,Yakowitz,H.","Prediction of continuum intensity in energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis"
"FIORI(1982)",1982,"4C3","EPMA,characteristic to continuum intensity ratio","Journal","Microbeam Analysis-1982, Heinrich, K.F.J., ed., pp. 57-71, San Francisco Press, 1982","Fiori,C.E.,Swyt,C.R.,Ellis,J.R.","The theoretical characteristic to continuum ratio in energy dispersive analysis in the analytical electron microscope"
"FIORI(1988)",1988,"4C3","Review,electron microscopy,EDS,EELS","Journal","Anal. Chem. 58,    86R-90R(1988)","Fiori,C.E.","The new electron microscopy: Imaging the chemistry of nature"
"FIORI(1989)",1989,"4C3","EPMA,theoretically generated x-ray spectra","Journal","Microbeam Analysis-1989, Linton, R. Ed, San Francisco Press, 1989","Fiori,C.E.,Swyt,C.R.","The use of theoretically generated energy dispersive x-ray spectra to determine concentration variance and minimum detectable limit"
"FIPPEL(1997)",1997,"2B","Monte Carlo,voxel algorithm","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,  501-520(1997)","Fippel,M.,Kawrakow,I.,Friedrich,K.","Electron beam dose calculations with the VMC algorithm and the verification data of the NCI working group"
"FIPPEL(1999)",1999,"4A3A","3D photon dose calc w VMC algorithm","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,1466-1475(1999)","Fippel,M.","Fast Monte Carlo dose calculation for photon beams based on the VMC electron algorithm"
"FIPPEL(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Monte Carlo dose distributions,smoothing algorithm,IMRT","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,1289-1304(2003)","Fippel,M.,Nusslin,F.","Smoothing Monte Carlo calculated dose distributions by iterative reductions of noise"
"FIPPEL(2004A)",2004,"4A3A","Particle simulation for IMRT beam modulating devices","Journal","Med. Phys. 31,1235-1242(2004)","Fippel,M.","Efficient particle transport simulation through beam modulating devices for Monte Carlo treatment planning"
"FIPPEL(2004B)",2004,"4E6","Voxel Monte Carlo algorithm VMCpro (faster than FLUKA,GEANT4)","Journal","Med. Phys. 31,2263-2273(2004)","Fippel,M.","A Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm for proton therapy"
"FISCHER(1975)",1975,"4A1C","Steepness of the dose-response curve in radiation therapy","Journal","Radiology 117,179-184(1975)","Fisher,J.J.,Moulder,J.E.","The steepness of the dose-response curve in radiation therapy"
"FISHER(2004)",2004,"4C4","XRF instrumentation and many non-XRF topics","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 19,1567-1595(2004)","Fisher,A.,Goodall,P.,Hinds,M.W.,Nelms,S.N.,Penny,D.M.","Atomic spectrometry update. Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials"
"FITTING(1974)",1974,"3B","Transmission in thin films","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A  56,525-535(1974)","Fitting,H.J.","Transmission, energy distribution, and SE excitation of fast electrons in thin solid films"
"FITTING(1976)",1976,"4D3","Absorption depth of fast electrons in Be,Al,Cu,Au measured","Journal","J. Phys. D  9,2499-2510(1976)","Fitting,H.J.,Glaefeke,H.,Wild,W.,Neumann,G.","Multiple-scattering of fast electrons and their secondary-electron generation within semi-infinite targets"
"FITTING(1978)",1978,"1B","Attenuation length,escape depth","Journal","Surf. Sci.   75, 267-278(1978)","Fitting,H.J.,Glaefeke,H.,Wild,W.","Attenuation length and escape depth of excited electrons in solids"
"FITTING(1985)",1985,"2B","Monte Carlo simulation (keV energies)","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A  88,245-259(1985)","Fitting,H.J.,Reinhardt,J.","Monte Carlo simulation of keV electron scattering in solid targets"
"FITTING(1991)",1991,"1B","Electron scattering,low E,M.C.","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A126,  85-99(1991)","Fitting,H.J.,Hinkfoth,C.,Glaefeke,H.,Kuhr,J.C.","Electron scattering in the keV and sub-keV range"
"FITTING(1997)",1997,"4C3","EPMA,EDX depths analysis","Journal","Microchim. Acta 125, 235-238(1997)","Fitting,H.J.,Kuhr,J.C.,Goldberg,M.,Becher,B.,Barfels,T.","EDX depths analysis of MIS structures"
"FITTING(2001)",2001,"4D3","2 Monte Carlo programs simulated electron transport, emission","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 119,  35-47(2001)","Fitting,H.J.,Schreiber,E.,Kuhr,A.V.C.","Attenuation and escape depths of low-energy electron emission"
"FITTING(2004)",2004,"4D3","Anomalous decrease in electron backscattering below 1 keV","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 136,265-272(2004)","Fitting,H.-J.","Six laws of low-energy electron scattering in solids"
"FLEETWOOD(1985)",1985,"4B07","Dose enhancement (x-ray)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 32,4369-4375(1985)","Fleetwood,D.M.,Winokur,P.S.,Beegle,R.W.,Dressendorfer,P.V.,Draper,B.L.","Accounting for dose-enhancement effects with CMOS transistors"
"FLEETWOOD(1986)",1986,"4B09","MOS devices,low E radiation response","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 33,1245-1251(1986)","Fleetwood,D.M.,Winokur,P.S.,Lorence,L.J.,Beezhold,W.,Dressendorfer,P.V.,Schwank,J.R.","The response of MOS devices to dose-enhanced low energy radiation"
"FLEETWOOD(1988)",1988,"4B07","Dose enhancement (x-ray)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 35,1265-1271(1988)","Fleetwood,D.M.,Beutler,D.E.,Lorence,L.J.,Brown,D.B.,Draper,B.L.,Riewe,L.C.,Rosenstock,H.B.,Knott,D.P.","Comparison of enhanced device response and predicted x-ray dose enhancement effects on MOS oxides"
"FOLKARD(2001A)",2001,"4A6","Microbeam uses reviewed:risks from radon,bystander effect,low dose","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B181,426-430(2001)","Folkard,M.,Prise,K.M.,Vojnovic,B.,Gilchrist,S.,Schettino,G.,Belyakov,O.V.,Ozols,A.,Michael,B.D.","The impact of microbeams in radiation biology"
"FOLKARD(2001B)",2001,"4E4","Application of x-ray microbeams to action of radiation on cells","Journal","Radiat. Res. 156,796-804(2001)","Folkard,M.,Schettino,G.,Vojnovic,B.,Gilchrist,S.,Michette,A.G.,Pfauntsch,S.J.,Prise,K.M.,Michael,B.D.","A focused ultrasoft x-ray microbeam for targeting cells individually with submicrometer accuracy"
"FOLLOWILL(1997)",1997,"4A1B","Electron beam dosimetry","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,1117-1121(1997)","Followill,D.S.,Davis,D.S.,Hanson,W.F.","TG-21 versus TG-25: a comparison for electrons"
"FOLLOWILL(2003)",2003,"4B09","Electron beam dosimetry,TG-21 and TG-51 protocols compared","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 4,124-131(2003)","Followill,D.S.,Hanson,W.F.,Ibbott,G.S.,Eglezopoulos,L.R.,Chui,C-S","Differences in electron beam dosimetry using two commercial ionization chambers and the TG-21 protocol: Another reason to switch to TG-51"
"FONG(1969)",1969,"4C2","X-ray line yield, Metchnik/Tomlin theory","Journal","Aust. J. Phys. 22,459-470(1969)","Fong,L.H.,Tomlin,S.G.","Further studies of the absolute intensity of emission of characteristic x-radiation"
"FONG(1970)",1970,"4C2","X-ray line intensities,Ti,Cr,Cu,Ag,W,Pt","Journal","Aust. J. Phys. 23, 17-21(1970)","Fong,L.H.,Tomlin,S.G.","Absolute intensities of some L and M characteristic x-rays from solid targets"
"FOOTE(1995)",1995,"4B09","Ion chambers,M.C. modelling","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B100, 22-30(1995)","Foote,B.J.,Smyth,V.G.","The modeling of electron multiple scattering in EGS4/PRESTA and its effect on ionization chamber response"
"FORSTER(2004)",2004,"2H","Massive renovation of MCNP,some improvements","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213, 82-86(2004)","Forster,R.A.,COx,L.J.,Barrrett,R.F.,Booth,T.E.,Briesmeister,J.F.,Brown,F.B.,Bull,J.S.,Geisler,G.C.,Goorley,J.T.,Mosteller,R.D.,..","MCNP version 5"
"FORTAGNE(2001)",2001,"4C7","Description of MNE 2000 - lithography topics","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 57/58,1(2001)","Fortagne,O.","Preface (re: MNE 2000, 26th international conference on micro- and nanofabrication using lithography and related techniques)"
"FOURNELLE(2005)",2005,"4C3","EPMA,secondary fluorescence across phase boundaries,PENELOPE","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1012-1016(2005)","Fournelle,J.H.,Kim,S.,Perepezko,J.H.","Monte Carlo simulation of Nb K secondary fluorescence in EPMA: comparison of PENELOPE simulations with experimental results"
"FOURNIER(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,standardless","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  381-386(1999)","Fournier,C.,Merlet,C.,Dugne,O.,Fialin,M.","Standardless semi-quantitative analysis with WDS-EPMA"
"FOURNIER(2000)",2000,"4C3","EPMA expert system","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 531-539(2000)","Fournier,C.,Merlet,C.,Staub,P.F.","An expert system for EPMA"
"FOWLER(2006)",2006,"4A6","Radiobiology & clinical radiotherapy,personal view (review)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R263-R286(2006)","Fowler,J.F.","Development of radiobiology for oncology - a personal view"
"FRAASS(1995)",1995,"4A3A","Treatment planning,conformal radiation therapy review","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1911-1921(1995)","Fraass,B.A.","The development of conformal radiation therapy"
"FRAASS(1998)",1998,"4A3A","Quality assurance for clinical radiotherapy treatment planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,1773-1829(1998)","Fraass,B.,Doppke,K.,Hunt,M.,Kutcher,G.,Starkschall,G.,Stern,R.,Van Dyke,J.","American Association of Physicists in Medicine Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 53: Quality assurance for clinical radiotherapy treatment planning"
"FRAASS(2003)",2003,"4A3A","NCI workshop recommendations on Monte Carlo treatment planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,3206-3216(2003)","Fraass,B.A.,Smathers,J.,Deye,J.","Summary and recommendations of a National Cancer Institute workshop on issues limiting the clinical use of Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms for megavoltage external beam radiation therapy"
"FRAGOSO(2003A)",2003,"2H","EGSnrc code,geometry,scoring simplified,used for complex geometries","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,1076-1085(2003)","Fragoso,M.,Seco,J.,Nahum,A.E.,Verhaegen,F.","Incorporation of a combinatorial geometry package and improved scoring capabilities in the EGSnrc Monte Carlo Code system"
"FRAGOSO(2003B)",2003,"2H","MC code comparison for brachytherapy,better low-E photon cross secs","Conference","Proc. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Aug 24-29, 2003, Sydney, Australia, paper #1331","Fragoso,M.,Fernández-Varea,J.,Seuntjens,J.","Comparison of EGSnrc and PENELOPE Monte Carlo codes in the brachytherapy energy range, including improved low-energy photon cross sections"
"FRANCESCON(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Monte Carlo verification of IMRT treatment planning system","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,  144-157(2003)","Francescon,P.,Cora,S.,Chiovati,P.","Dose verification of an IMRT treatment planning system with the BEAM EGS4-based Monte Carlo code"
"FRANCOIS(1993)",1993,"4C2","X-ray spectrum determination","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1695-1703(1993)","Francois,P.,Catala,A.,Scouarnec,C.","Simulation of x-ray spectral reconstruction from transmission data by direct resolution of the numeric system AF=T"
"FRANCOIS(1997)",1997,"4C2","X-ray spectrum determination, 6-25 MeV","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  769-773(1997)","Francois,P.,Coste,F.,Bonnet,J.,Caselles,O.","Validation of reconstructed bremsstrahlung spectra between 6 MV and 25 MV from measured transmission data"
"FRANK(1992)",1992,"3A","Backscatter,energy spectra,layers/substr","Journal","Surf. Sci. 269/270,763-771(1992)","Frank,L.","Experimental study of electron backscattering at interfaces"
"FRANK(2000)",2000,"3A","Changes in backscattering yield due to surface contamination","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 179-188 (2000)","LudeÏk Frank, Richard Stekly, Martin Zadrazil, Mohamed M. El-Gomati, Ilona Mullerova","Electron backscattering from real and in-situ treated surfaces"
"FRANKE(2002)",2002,"2C","pencil beams,3-D transport solution,exact radial moments","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 140,   1-22(2002)","Franke,B.C.,Larsen,E.W.","Radial moment calculations of coupled electron-photon beams"
"FRANKE(2002A)",2002,"2A","Discrete scattering-angle model for electron pencil beam transport","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 86,206-208(2002)","Franke,B.C.,Prinja,A.K.,Kensek,R.P.,Lorence,L.J.","Discrete scattering-angle model for electron pencil beam transport"
"FRANKE(2002B)",2002,"2A","Ray effect mitigation for electron transport w/discrete scattering-angles","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 87,133-  (2002)","Franke,B.C.,Prinja,A.K.,Kensek,R.P.,Lorence,L.J.","Ray effect mitigation for electron transport with discrete scattering-angles"
"FRANKE(2003)",2003,"2B","Computationally efficient Monte Carlo, electron dose","Conference","Nuclear Mathematical and Computational Sciences: A Century in Review, A Century Anew","Franke,B.C.,Prinja,A.K.","Monte Carlo electron dose calculations using discrete scattering angles and discrete energy losses"
"FRASER(1994)",1994,"4B10","Detectors,silicon, energy response","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A350,368-378(1994)","Fraser,G.W.,Abbey,A.F.,Holland,A.,McCarthy,K.,Owens,A.,Wells,A.","The x-ray energy response of silicon. A. Theory"
"FRAZER(2003)",2003,"4B08","Total electron yield contributions(primary,Auger,sec) ,probing depths","Journal","Surf. Sci. 537,161-167(2003)","Frazer,B.H.,Gilbert,B.,Sonderegger,B.R.,DeStasio,G.","The probing depth of total electron yield in the sub-keV range: TEY-XAS and X-PEEM"
"FREDERICKSON(1971)",1971,"4B07","Interface dose,charge,Co-60 irradiation","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 18,  162-167(1971)","Frederickson,A.R.,Burke,E.A.","Ionization, secondary emission, and Compton currents at gamma irradiated interfaces"
"FREDERICKSON(1975)",1975,"4B07","Irradiatiated dielectric-metal slab structures modeled","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 22,2556-2561(1975)","Frederickson,A.R.","Charge deposition, photoconduction, and replacement current in irradiated multilayer structures"
"FREDERICKSON(1976)",1976,"4B07","Charge deposition,Co-60,combinations of Al,Sn,Ta next to Al,Cu,Sn,Pb","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 23,1867-1874(1976)","Frederickson,A.R.","Charge deposition profiles near irradiated material interfaces"
"FREDERICKSON(1981)",1981,"3D","Charge deposition as function of depth, polymeric C6H9O,.4-1.4 MeV","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 28,4186-4191(1981)","Frederickson,A.R.,Woolf,S.","Electron beam current penetration in semi infinite slabs"
"FREDERICKSON(1993)",1993,"4B11","Model for electron beam insulator charging at 1-3 MeV","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 40,1393-1401(1993)","Frederickson,A.R.,Woolf,S.,Garth,J.C.","Model for space charge evolution and dose in irradiated insulators at high electric fields"
"FREDERICKSON(1995)",1995,"3D","Charge deposition,analytic fits","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 42,1910-1921(1995)","Frederickson,A.R.,Bell,J.T.,Beidl,E.A.","Analytic approximation for charge current and deposition by 0.1 to 100 MeV electrons in thick slabs"
"FREGENE(1980)",1980,"4A1B","Electron depth absorbed dose distr","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 25,  151-155(1980)","Fregene,A.O.","Depth absorbed dose distribution for electrons (correspondence)"
"FREY(2001)",2001,"4C6","Electron,proton aurora as seen by IMAGE-FUV and FAST","Journal","Geophys. Res. Lett. 28,1135(2001)","Frey,H.U.,Mende, S.B.,Carlson,C.W.,Gérard, J.-C.,Hubert, B.,Spann, J.,Gladstone,G.R.,Immel,T.J.,","The electron and proton aurora as seen by IMAGE-FUV and FAST"
"FREY(2004)",2004,"4C6","2400 substorm onsets in Northern Hemisphere with IMAGE-FUV","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.109, A10,p.A10304(2004)","Frey,H.U.,Mende,S.B.,Angelopoulos,V.,Donovan,E.F.","Substorm onset observations by IMAGE-FUV"
"FRIEDLAND(1999)",1999,"4E5","PARTRAC,MC track str code,models DNA interactions w H2O radicals","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,  39-47(1999)","Friedland,W.,Jacob,P.,Paretzke,H.G.,Merzagora,M.,Ottolenghi,A.","Simulation of DNA fragment distributions after irradiation with photons"
"FRIEDLAND(2003)",2003,"4E5","Improved track simulation model (PARTRAC) applied to protons in H20","Journal","Radiat. Res. 159,401-410(2003)","Friedland,W.,Jacob,P.,Bernhardt,P.,Paretzke,H.G.,Dingfelder,M.","Simulation of DNA damage after proton irradiation"
"FRIEL(1998)",1998,"4C3","Energy-dispersive spectrometry, history","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   4, 559-566(1998)","John J. Friel,Richard B. Mott","Energy-dispersive spectrometry from then until now: A chronology of innovation"
"FRIEL(2006)",2006,"4C3","Reviews development of x-ray mapping","Journal","Micros & Microanalysis 12,    2-25(2006)","John J. Friel,Charles E. Lyman","Tutorial review: X-ray mapping in electron-beam instruments"
"FRIEZE(1985)",1985,"4C1","Positron trapping model","Journal","Phys. Rev. B31,     15-19(1985)","Frieze,W.E.,Lynn,K.G.,Welch,D.O.","Positron trapping model including spatial diffusion of the positron"
"FRONGILLO(1998)",1998,"4E5","Electron track simulation","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 51,  245-254(1998)","Frongillo,Y.,Goulet,T.,Fraser,M.J.,Cobut,V.,Patau,J.P.,Jay-Gerin,J.P.","Monte Carlo simulation of fast-electron and proton tracks in liquid water: II. Nonhomogeneous chemistry"
"FRUJINOIU(2001)",2001,"4B06","Backscatter info for cavity theories of Kearsley, Haider and Frujinoiu","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  97,223-229(2001)","Frujinoiu,C.,Brey,R.R.","A Monte Carlo investigation of electron backscattering"
"FTACNIKOVA(2000A)",2000,"4E5","ETRACK MC code calc,radiation damage from Auger emitters to DNA","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  92,269-278(2000)","Ftacnikova,S.,Bohm,R.","Monte Carlo calculations of energy deposition in DNA for Auger emitters"
"FTACNIKOVA(2000B)",2000,"4E5","Radiation dose from injected radipharmaceuticals,localized energy dep","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  92,279-288(2000)","Ftacnikova,S.,Bohm,R.","Monte Carlo calculations of energy deposition on cellular, multicellular and organ level for Auger emitters"
"FU(2002)",2002,"4B06","Cavity theory based on electron transport equation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,3263-3274(2002)","Fu,Y.,Luo,Z.","Application of Monte Carlo simulation to cavity theory based on the virtual electron source concept"
"FUJII(1990)",1990,"4E3","Relationship of electron range,ioniz cross section and W","Journal","Chem. Phys. Let. 168,107-110(1990)","Fujii,T.","Relationship between electron ionization range, mean electron energy required of ion pair formation and total ionization cross section for low-energy electrons"
"FUJII(2000)",2000,"4D3","MC calc of continuous & char X-rays,compared w W films on Cu","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,39,2863-2864(2000)","Fujii,K.,Nagatomi,T.,Kimura,Y.,Takai,Y.H.,Shimizu,R.,Obori,K.,Yurugi,T.","Monte Carlo simulation of generations of continuous and characteristic X-rays by electron impact"
"FUJIKAWA(1989)",1989,"1B","Electron scattering from solids,theory","Journal","Phys. Rev. B40,11507-11518(1989)","Fujikawa,T.,Hedin,L.","Theory of electron scattering from solids"
"FUJITA(1996)",1996,"4D1","Auger electrons,depth distribs,Fe,Ni,Si","Journal","Surf. Sci. 357-358,180-185(1996)","Fujita, D.,Schleberger,M.,Tougaard,S.","Extraction of depth distributions of electron-excited Auger electrons in Fe, Ni and Si using inelastic peak shape analysis"
"FUKUMOTO(2004)",2004,"4A5B","SPECT has advantages over PET, several radioactive agents described","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 18,   79–95 (2004)","Mitsutaka Fukumoto","Single-photon agents for tumor imaging:201Tl, 99mTc-MIBI, and 99mTc-tetrofosmin"
"FULFORD(2001)",2001,"4E5","Simulated, exptl yields compared. Factor 2-3 difference for DSB found","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 77,1053-1066(2001)","Fulford,J.,Nikjoo,H.,Goodhead,D.T.,O'Neill,P.","Yield of SSB and DSB induced in DNA by Al-K ultrasoft X-rays and alpha-particles: comparison of experimental and simulated yields"
"FULGHUM(1993)",1993,"4D1","XPS,angle-resolved,overlyr thickness","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  161-173(1993)","Fulgham,J.E.","Determination of overlayer thickness by angle-resolved XPS: A comparison of algorithms"
"FUNSTEN(1997)",1997,"4B10","Detectors,silicon","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 44,2561-2565(1997)","Funsten,H.O.,Suszcynsky,D.M.,Ritzau,S.M.,Korde,R.","Response of 100-percent internal quantum efficiency silicon photodiodes to 200 eV-40 keV electrons"
"FURHANG(1995)",1994,"4A1A","Mean mass energy absorp coeff ratios:acrylic,polystyrene,water to air","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,  525-530(1995)","Furhang,Eli E.,Chui,Chen-Shou,Lovelock,Michael","Mean mass energy absorption coefficient ratios for megavoltage x-ray beams"
"FURHANG(1996A)",1996,"4A5A","Photon point dose kernels,absorbed fractions in water,radionuclides","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  759-764(1996)","Eli E. Furhang,George Sgouros,Chen-Shou Chui","Radionuclide photon dose kernels for internal emitter dosimetry"
"FURHANG(1996B)",1996,"4A5A","MC,absorbed dose distribution,attenuation & scatter,CT/PET info used","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,1523-1529(1996)","Eli E. Furhang,,Chen-Shou Chui,George Sgouros","A Monte Carlo approach to patient-specific dosimetry"
"FURHANG(1997)",1997,"4A5A","Dosimetry method that accounts for the radionuclide decay spectrum","Journal","Med. Phys. 24.1163-1172(1997)","Furhang,E.E.,Chui,C.S.,Kolbert,K.S.,Larson,S.M.,Sgouros,G.","Implementation of a Monte Carlo dosimetry method for patient-specific internal emitter therapy"
"FURHANG(2000)",2000,"4B03","Low-energy gamma emitting nuclides,dosimetric analysis.calibration","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,2302-2306(2000)","Furhang,Eli E.,Wallace, Robert E.","Fitting and benchmarking of dosimetry data for new brachytherapy sources"
"FURUTA(1966)",1966,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,planar,Co-60","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  25,  85-92(1966)","Furuta,Y.,Tsuruo,A.,Miyasaka,S.,Tamura,K.,Kanemori,Y.","Dose buildup factors of plane parallel barriers for Co-60 plane monodirectional source"
"GABER(1984)",1984,"2B","Electron energy-depth, Monte Carlo calc","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A  85,195-198(1984)","Gaber,M.,Fitting,H.J.","Energy depth relation of electrons in bulk targets by Monte Carlo calculations"
"GABER(1987)",1987,"3A","Backscatter,angle of incidence (M.C.)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 16,  17-21(1987)","Gaber,M.","Mean energy of backscattered electrons at various angles of incidence"
"GABER(1990)",1990,"4C2","X-ray production,mean depth of","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 19,197-202(1990)","Gaber,M.,Elkhier,A.A.A.","Mean depth of x-ray production by electron beams in thick targets"
"GABER(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,absorption correction equation","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 21,215-221(1992)","Gaber,M.","Absorption correction in electron probe microanalysis"
"GABLER(2006)",2006,"2H","AMOS MC program, theory of adjoint radiation transport reviewed","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B251,326-332(2006)","Dorothea Gabler, Jürgen Henniger, Uwe Reichelt","AMOS – An effective tool for adjoint Monte Carlo photon transport"
"GAEVSKI(2002)",2002,"4C6","EBIC,3-D study of electrically active interfaces in ZnO varistor materials","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 91,2713-2724(2002)","Gaevski,M.,Elfwing,M.,Olsson,E.,Kvist,A.","Three-dimensional investigations of electrical barriers using electron beam induced current measurements"
"GAGNON(1980)",1980,"4B07","Dose enhancment at interfaces","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 53,  466-470(1980)","Gagnon,W.F.,Cundiff,J.H.","Dose enhancement from backscattered radiation at tissue-metal interfaces irradiated with high-energy electrons"
"GALAND(1997)",1997,"4C6","Boltz eqn for proton beam solved for heating rate,emission intens,etc.","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.102, A10,22261-22272(1997)","Galand,M.,Lilensten,J.,Koman,W.,Sidje,R.B.","Proton transport model in the ionosphere. 1. Multistream approach to the transport equations"
"GALAND(1998)",1997,"4C6","Proton angular redistribution,transport code compared w/observations","Journal","Annales Geophysicae 16,1308-1321(1998)","Galand,M.,Lilensten,J.,Kofman,W.,Lummerzheim,D.","Proton transport model in the ionosphere. 2. Influence of magnetic mirroring and collisions on the angular redistribution in a proton beam"
"GALAND(2001A)",2001,"4C6","Influence of proton auroral precip on atmosphere,3D,time-dep model","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.106, A  1,  127-139(2001)","Galand,M.,Fuller-Rowell,T.J.,Codrescu,M.V.","Response of the upper atmosphere to auroral protons"
"GALAND(2001B)",2001,"4C6","Proton auroras,some review material","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.106, A  1,      1-6(2001)","Galand,M.","Introduction to special section: Proton precipitation into the atmosphere"
"GALAND(2002)",2002,"4C6","Electron & proton auroras observed spectroscopically","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.107, A  7.1129,p1-14(2001)","Galand,M.,Lummerzheim,D.,Stephan,A.W.,Bush,B.C.,Chakrabarti,S.","Electron and proton aurora observed spectroscopically in the far ultraviolet"
"GALAND(2004A)",2004,"4C6","Electron mean energy,flux underestimated when protons are present","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.109, A  3,p.A03307(2004)","Galand,M.,Lummerzheim,D.","Contribution of proton precipitation to space-based auroral FUV observations"
"GALAND(2004B)",2004,"4C6","Hi-res studies, using 4 spectral windows:H-alpha,H-beta,N-2(+) and OI","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.109, A  7,p.A07305(2004)","Galand,M.,Baumgardner,J.,Pallamraju,D.,Chakrabarti,S.,Lovhaug,U.P.,Lummerzheim,D.,Lanchester,B.S.,Rees,M.H.","Spectral imaging of proton aurora and twilight at Tromso, Norway"
"GALBRAITH(1984)",1984,"4B11","Charging of plastic phantoms,6 MeV","Journal","Med. Phys. 11, 197-203(1984)","Galbraith,D.M.,Rawlinson,J.L.,Munro,P.","Dose errors due to charge storage in electron irradiated plastic phantoms"
"GALLANT(1997)",1997,"4A3A","Treatment planning algorithms","Journal","Med. Dosimetry 22,  23-29(1997)","Gallant,G.A.,Scrimger,J.W.","Experimental validation of dose distributions predicted by a treatment planning system for complex models"
"GALLARDO(2006)",2006,"4C2","SVD method for unfolding x-ray spectrum tested w/expt'l & simul. data","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,  63-70(2006)","Gallardo,S.,Ginestar,D.,Verdu,G.,Rodenas,J.,Puchades,V.,Villaescusa,J.I.","X-ray spectrum unfolding using a regularized truncated SVD method"
"GALLOWAY(1976)",1976,"4C5","EBIC, method of calculation of signals","Journal","IEEE Trans Parts,Hybirds& Packaging PHP-12,231-236(1976)","Galloway,K.F.,Leedy,K.O,Keery,W.J.","Electron-beam-induced currents in simple device structures"
"GANACHAUD(1979)",1979,"4D3","MC calc of secondary electron emission from metals","Journal","Surf. Sci.   83, 498-530(1979)","Ganachaud,J.P.,Cailler,M.","A Monte Carlo calculation of secondary electron emission of normal metals"
"GANACHAUD(1995)",1995,"4D4","Sec emiss fr insulators,M.C.method,collision mechanisms,charging","Journal","Surf. Sci. 334,329-341(1995)","Ganachaud,J.P.,Mokrani,A.","Theoretical study of the secondary electron emission of insulating targets"
"GANACHAUD(1997)",1997,"4D4","Insulator charging","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. B199,175-184(1997)","Ganachaud,J.P.,Attard,C.,Renoud,R.","Study of the space-charge induced by an electron-beam in an insulating target. 1. Monte-Carlo simulation-model"
"GANAPOL(1983)",1983,"2C","S-L equation,moments, multiple collision formulation","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 44,377-378(1983)","Ganapol,B.D.,Filippone,W.L.","On the moments of the Spencer-Lewis equation of electron transport"
"GANAPOL(1986A)",1983,"2C","Benchmark soln for S-L eq using multiple collision formalism","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 52,420-421(1986)","Ganapol,B.D.","A benchmark solution for the Spencer-Lewis equation of electron transport theory"
"GANAPOL(1986B)",1986,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation,moment reconstruction technique,benchmark","Journal","Transport Theory and Statistical Physics 15,871-895(1986)","Ganapol,B.D.","The Spencer-Lewis equation of electron transport theory: A benchmark"
"GANAPOL(1991)",1991,"2C","Benchmark calculations for 1D,mutligroup discrete ordinates method","Conference","Proc. Int'l Topical Mtg on  Advances in Mathematics,Computations and Reactor Physics,5,30.1(April 1991)","Ganapol,B.D.,Woolf,S.,Garth,J.C.","Multigroup-Sn benchmark comparison for electron transport"
"GARCIA(2003)",2003,"4C4","Algorithm,based on fundamental params,applied to SEICXRF method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,312-316(2003)","Garcia,M.,Figueroa,R.,RIvera,R.","Algorithm of fundamental parameters for the SEICXRF method"
"GARCIA(2004)",2004,"1B","Inelastic scatt,stopping power for electrons in toluene for .01-10 keV","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 60, 481-485(2004)","Garcia,G., Blanco,F.,Grau,Carles,A.,Grau,Malonda,A.","Inelastic scattering and stopping power of low-energy electrons (0.01-10 keV) in toluene"
"GARCIA-TORONO(2005)",2005,"2H","PENELOPE simulation,gamma-ray spectrometry,volume sources","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A544,577-583(2005)","Garcia-Torono,E.,Pozuelo,M.,Salvat,F.","Monte Carlo calculations of conincidence summing corrections for volume sources in gamma-ray spectrometry with Ge detectors"
"GARDIN(1995)",1995,"4A6","Mean electron dose ->cell nucleus, electron emission from Tc,I,In,Ga,Tl","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,1001-1014(1995)","Gardin,I.,Faraggi,M.,Huc,E.,Bok,B.D.","Modelling of the relationship between cell dimensions and mean electron dose delivered to the cell nucleus: application to 5 radionuclides used in nuclear medicine"
"GARDNER(2000)",2000,"2B","Monte Carlo for industrial,radioisotoper applications","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 53, 837-855(2000)","Gardner,R.P.,Liu,L.","Monte Carlo simulations for IRRMA"
"GARDNER(2007)",2007,"4A1A","VMC++ validation for radiation therapy photon beam planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 34,1809-1818(2007)","J. Gardner,J. Siebers,I. Kawrakow","Dose calculation validation of VMC++ for photon beams"
"GARTH(1973)",1973,"2C","Spencer-Lewis eq,numerical solution,plane slabs","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 20,    82-90(1973)","Garth,J.C.,O'Brien,J.V.","Numerical solution of the Spencer-Lewis equation for kilovolt electron transport in plane slabs"
"GARTH(1975)",1975,"4B07","Monte Carlo calculations of dose enhancement","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 22,2562-2567(1975)","Garth,J.C.,Chadsey,W.L.,Sheppard,R.L.,Jr.","Monte Carlo analysis of dose profiles near photon irradiated material interfaces"
"GARTH(1978)",1978,"4B07","Diffusion equation approach to dose enhancement at interfaces","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 25,1598-1606(1978)","Garth,J.C.","Diffusion equation model for kilovolt electron transport at x-irradiated interface"
"GARTH(1980)",1980,"4B07","Monte Carlo calcs of dose profiles including scattered photons","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 27,1459-1464(1980)","Garth,J.C.,Burke,E.A.,Woolf,S.","The role of scattered radiation in the dosimetry of small device structures"
"GARTH(1981)",1981,"4B07","Semi-empirical dose enhancement model,high energy extension","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 28,4145-4151(1981)","Garth,J.C.","High energy extension of the semi-empirical model for energy deposition at interfaces"
"GARTH(1983)",1983,"2C","1-group transport equation,matrix-eigenvalue method of solution","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 44,274-275(1983)","Garth,J.C.","Matrix-eigenvalue solutions for electron transport in solids (also slides)"
"GARTH(1985)",1985,"4B07","Dose,displacement damage calcs in GaAs,Si,electrons,gamma-rays","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 32,4382-4387(1985)","Garth,J.C.,Burke,E.A.,Woolf,S.","Displacement damage and dose enhancement in gallium arsenide and silicon"
"GARTH(1986A)",1986,"4B07","Dose enhancment (algorithm)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 33,1266-1270(1986)","Garth,J.C.","An algorithm for calculating dose profiles in multilayered devices using a personal-computer"
"GARTH(1986B)",1986,"2A","Electron transport calcs, expt (review)","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 52,377-378(1986)","Garth,J.C.","Survey of electron transport calculations and experiment"
"GARTH(1986C)",1986,"2C","Electron energy spectrum near interface,uniform isotropic source","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 52,390-392(1986)","Garth,J.C.,Woolf,S.","The energy spectrum of electron flux near a two-medium interface"
"GARTH(1987)",1987,"3C","Energy deposition calculation","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 34,1551-1556(1987)","Garth,J.C.,Woolf,S.","Comparison of ONETRAN Calculations of electron-beam dose profiles with Monte-Carlo and experiment"
"GARTH(1989)",1989,"4B07","Dose enhancment (algorithm)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  40-1,1266-1270(1989)","Garth,J.C.","Calculations of dose enhancement in device structures"
"GARTH(1996A)",1996,"4B07","Dose enhancement data, CEPXS/ONELD calculations","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 43,2731-2741(1996)","Garth,J.C.,Critchfield,K.L.,Turinetti,J.R.,Beutler,D.E.","A comprehensive comparison of CEPXS/ONELD calculations of dose enhancement with the Co-60 data set of Wall and Burke"
"GARTH(1996B)",1996,"2C","Fokker-Planck eqn,max entropy method","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 74,172-174(1996)","Garth,J.C.","Solution of the Fokker-Planck equation using the maximum entropy method"
"GARTH(1997)",1997,"4B02","Gamma-ray transport,thickness study","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 44,2058-2064(1997)","Garth,J.C.,Turinetti,J.R.","Gamma-ray transport through material layers"
"GARTH(2004)",2004,"0A","Survey,electron/photon transport mathematical models & applications","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 90,289-291(2004)","Garth,J.C.","Electron/photon transport - a key to radiation physics?  A review"
"GARTH(2005)",2005,"0A","Survey of transport of energetic electrons and x-rays & applications","Conference","The Monte Carlo Method: Versatility Unbounded in a Dynamic Computing World,Chattanooga,Tennessee, April 17-21,2005 (Monte Carlo 2005 conference)","Garth,J.C.","Electron/photon transport and its applications"
"GARTY(2006)",2006,"4E4","Yields of ion. clusters in model of DNA vs DSB yields in irrad. plasmids","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.122,451-454(2006)","G. Garty, R. Schulte, S. Shchemelinin, B. Grosswendt, C. Leloup, G. Assaf, A. Breskin, R. Chechik, V. Bashkirov","First attempts at prediction of DNA strand-break yields using nanodosimetric data"
"GAUVIN(1992A)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,spherical inclusions,quantification,Monte Carlo and SEM","Journal","Scanning 14,  37-48(1992)","Gauvin,R.,L'Esperance,G.,St-Laurent,S.","Quantification x-ray microanalysis of spherical inclusions embedded in a matrix using a SEM and Monte Carlo simulations"
"GAUVIN(1992B)",1992,"2B","Electron scattering,fractal behaviour","Journal","Scanning 14,313-323(1992)","Gauvin,R.,Drouin,D.","Fractal behaviour of electron scattering in solids"
"GAUVIN(1993A)",1993,"1B","Scattering, elastic (cross sections)","Journal","Scanning 15,140-150(1993)","Gauvin,R.,Drouin,D.","A formula to compute total elastic Mott cross-sections"
"GAUVIN(1993B)",1993,"2B","Fractal description of electron scattering","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 7,    1-12(1993)","Gauvin,R.,Drouin,D.","Fractal description of electron scattering in solids: Several new results and a simple modelization of the fractal dimension"
"GAUVIN(1995A)",1995,"3A","Generalized Archard model,electron backscattering,energy-variation","Journal","Scanning 17,  63-64(1995)","Gauvin,R.,Joy,D.C.,Hovington,P.","A formula to explain electron backscattering in solids"
"GAUVIN(1995B)",1995,"4C3","EPMA,spherical inclusions,can't use ZAF or phi(rho) methods","Journal","Scanning 17,202-219(1995)","Gauvin,R.,Hovington,P.,Drouin,D.","Quantification of spherical inclusions in the scanning electron microscope using Monte Carlo simulations"
"GAUVIN(1999)",1999,"4C3","MC study, x-ray microanalysis, effect of fast secondary electrons","Journal","Scanning 21,238-245(1999)","Gauvin,R.,Hovington P.,Drouin,D.","The effect of fast secondary electrons on x-ray microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope"
"GAUVIN(2000)",2004,"4C3","MC program simulates x-ray spectrum for specimens w rough surfaces","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 201-204(2000)","Gauvin,R.,Lifshin,E.","Simulation of x-ray emission from rough surfaces"
"GAUVIN(2004)",2004,"4C3","EPMA,microanalysis of real materials using Monte Carlo simulations","Journal","Microchim. Acta 145,  41-47(2004)","Gauvin,R.,Lifshin,E.","X-ray microanalysis of real materials using Monte Carlo simulations"
"GAUVIN(2005)",2005,"4C3","MC simulations,EPMA,porous materials,gases,fractal geometry","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  875-886(2005)","Gauvin,R.","X-ray microanalysis of real materials using Monte Carlo simulations"
"GAUVIN(2006A)",2006,"4C3","Low V SEM applics:nanoparticles, super-lattice structures,C nanotubes","Journal","J. of Metals 58, 20-26 (2006) (pdf is first page only)","Raynald Gauvin, Kevin Robertson, Paula Horny, Adbelbaset M. Elwazri, Steve Yue","Materials characterization using high-resolution scanning-electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis"
"GAUVIN(2006B)",2006,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,  75-81(2006)","Raynald Gauvin","Quantitative x-ray microanalysis of heterogeneous materials Using Monte Carlo simulations"
"GAUVIN(2006C)",2006,"4C3","Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray spectra","Journal","Micros & Microanalysis 12,  49-64(2006)","Raynald Gauvin, Eric Lifshin, Hendrix Demers, Paula Horny,Helen Campbell","Win X-ray: A new Monte Carlo program that computes x-ray spectra obtained with a scanning electron microscope"
"GEDEON(1994)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,Monte Carlo correction program","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115, 305-311(1994)","Gedeon,O.,Hulinsky,V.","Monte Carlo correction program for PC (for EPMA)"
"GEDEON(1996)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative Monte Carlo method","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,307-316(1996)","Gedeon,O.,Hulinsky,V.,Jurek,K.,Simeckova,M.","Monte Carlo method for quantitative analysis of bulk and layered samples"
"GENTILI(1993)",1993,"4C7","E-beam lithography,M.C. simul","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B11,2938-2942(1993)","Gentili,M.,Grella,L.,Difabrizio,E.,Luciani,L.,Baciocchi,M.,Figliomeni,M.,Maggiora,R.,Mastrogiacomo,L.,Cerrina,F.","Development of an electron beam process for the fabrication of x-ray nanomasks"
"GERARD(1995)",1995,"3A","Expt,backscattering,Au,Si,20-100 keV,angle-energy distributions.","Journal","Scanning 17,377-386(1995)","Gerard,P.,Balladore,J.L.,Martinez,J.P.,Ouabbou,A.","Experimental determination of angular energy distributions of electrons backscattered by bulk gold and silicon samples [recommended by Joy(1997)]"
"GERARD(1997)",1997,"3A","Backscatter,energy-angle distribs,Au,Si","Journal","J. de Phys.III, 7,963-977(1997)","Gerard,P.,Ouabbou,A.,Balladore,J.L.,Martinez,J.P.","Experimental and theoretical study of correlated energetic and angular distributions of electrons backscattered by gold and silicon target in a scanning electron microscope"
"GERARD(2000)",2000,"4C6","Lyman-alpha profile dep on proton energy,angle dist; MC model","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.105, A  7,15795-15805(2000)","Gerard,J.C.,Hubert,B.,Bisikalo,D.V.,Shematovich,V.I.","A model of the Lyman- alpha line profile in the proton aurora"
"GERBI(1990)",1990,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber,dose buildup","Journal","Med. Phys. 17,   17-26(1990)","Gerbi,B.J.,Khan,F.M.","Measurement of dose in the buildup region using fixed-separation plane-parallel ionization chambers"
"GERBI(1993)",1993,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber,response","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1411-1415(1993)","Gerbi,B.J.","The response characteristics of a newly designed plane-parallel ionization-chamber in high-energy photon and electron-beams"
"GERBI(1997)",1997,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber,response","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  873-878(1997)","Gerbi,B.J.,Khan,F.M.","Plane-parallel ionization-chamber response in the buildup region of obliquely incident photon beams"
"GERGELY(1985)",1985,"1B","Electron mfp from elastic peak,expt","Journal","Acta Phys. Hungarica 57,139-147(1985)","Gergely,G.,Menyhard,M.,Sulyok,A.,Jablonski,A.,Mrozek,P.","Determination of the mean free path of electrons in solids from the elastic peak. 2. Experimental results"
"GERGELY(1995)",1995,"4E8C","EPES,inelastic mfp for Cu,Ag,W,Au,Ta,.5-3 keV","Journal","Vacuum 46,  591-594(1995)","Gergely,G.,Menyhard,M.,Pentek,K.,Sulyok,A.,Jablonski,A.,Lesiak,B..","Experimental determination of the inelastic mean free path for Cu, Ag, W, Au and Ta, in the energy range 500-3000 eV by elastic peak electron spectroscopy using Ni reference sample"
"GERGELY(1999A)",1999,"4E8C","Calibration of electron spectrometers","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 144-145,101-105(1999)","Gergely,G.,Menyhard,M.,Sulyok,A.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Tokesi,K..","Determination of the transmission and correction of electron spectrometers, based on backscattering and elastic reflection of electrons"
"GERGELY(1999B)",1999,"4E8C","Inelastic mfp,GaSb,InSb(expt)","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 144-145,173-177(1999)","Gergely,G.,Sulyok,A.,Menyhard,M.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Jablonski,A.,Krawczyk,M.,Gruzza,B.,Bideaux,L.,Robert,C.","Experimental determination of the inelastic mean free path of electrons in GaSb and InSb"
"GERGELY(1999C)",1999,"4E8C","EPES,crystalline effects,directional effects on peak intensity","Journal","Vacuum 54,  201-204(1999)","Gergely,G.,Barna,A.,Sulyok,A.,Jardin,C.,Gruzza,B.,Bideux,L.,Robert,C.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.","Crystalline effects in elastic peak electron spectroscopy"
"GERGELY(2001)",2001,"4E8C","EPES,elastic scattering by Rutherford-type recoil broadening","Journal","Vacuum 61,  107-111(2001)","Gergely,G.,Menyhard,M.,Benedek,Zs.,Sulyok,A.,Kover,L.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Berenyi,Z.,Tokesi,K.","Recoil broadening of the elastic peak in electron spectroscopy"
"GERGELY(2002)",2002,"4E8C","EPES,long review,parameters:IMFP,hot electron lifetime,etc.","Journal","Prog. Surf. Sci. 71,  31-88(2002)","Gergeley,G.","Elastic backscattering of electrons; determination of physical parameters of electron transport processes by elastic peak electron spectroscopy"
"GERMANY(2001)",2001,"4C6","Analysis of auroral FUV emissions,model sensitivity studies","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.106, A  7,12837-12843(2001)","Germany,G.A.,Lummerzheim,D.,Richards,P.G.","Impact of model differences on quantitative analysis of FUV auroral emissions: Total ionization cross sections"
"GERVASONI(2006A)",2006,"4E8B","REELS,Inter charged particles w plasmons,systems w/different scales","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  583-586(2006)","Gervasoni,J.L.","Excitations of bulk and surface plasmons in solids and nanostructures"
"GERVASONI(2006B)",2006,"4D1","Theory of plasmon excitations, electron emission processes,XPS,AES","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  652-656(2006)","Gervasoni,J.L.,Kover,L.","Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to plasmon excitations in electron emission processes"
"GERWARD(1993)",1993,"1A","X-ray attenuation coefficients (review)","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 41,  783-789(1993)","Gerward,L.","X-ray attenuation coefficients: current state of knowledge and availability"
"GHAL-EH(2000?)",2000,"2B","SImple Monte Carlo algorithm",,"unpublished (on the web)","Ghal-eh,N.,Rahimi,F.,Manouchehri,M.","Non-relativistic electron transport in metals: a Monte Carlo approach"
"GHOSH(1994A)",1994,"4C1","Positron implantation,Monte Carlo","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303,   37-47(1994)","Ghosh,V.J.,Welch,D.O,Lynn,K.G.","Monte Carlo studies of positron implantation in elemental metallic and multilayer systems"
"GHOSH(1994B)",1994,"4C1","Positron implantation,Monte Carlo","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  90,442-445(1994)","Ghosh,V.J.,McKeown,M.,Welch,D.O,Lynn,K.G.","An ab-initio Monte Carlo study of low energy positron and electron implantation in elemental metals and multilayers"
"GHOSH(1994C)",1994,"4C1","Brookhaven Monte Carlo study of positron,electron implantation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  93,442-445(1994)","Ghosh,V.J.,McKeown,Welch,D.O.,Lynn,K.G.","An ab initio Monte Carlo study of low energy  positron and electron implantation in elemental metals and multilayers"
"GHOSH(1995A)",1995,"4C1","Positron implantation profiles","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,187-195(1995)","Ghosh,V.J.","Positron implantation profiles in elemental and multilayer systems"
"GHOSH(1995B)",1995,"4C1","Positron implantation,defect profiling","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,210-215(1995)","Ghosh,V.J.,Nielsen,B.,Lynn,K.G.,Welch,D.O.","Defect profiling in elemental and multilayer systems: correlations of fitted defect concentrations with positron implantation profiles"
"GHOSH(1995C)",1995,"4C1","Positron stopping profiles","Journal","Phys. Rev. B51,     45-59(1995)","Ghosh,V.J.,Aers,G.C.","Positron stopping in elemental systems: Monte Carlo calculations and scaling properties"
"GHOSH(1997)",1997,"4C1","Positron-electron pairs,momentum distribution in Al,Al w/vacancies","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 116,278-282(1997)","Ghosh,V.J.,Alatalo,M.,Asoka-Kumar,P.,Lynn,K.G.,Kruseman,A.C.","The momentum distribution of annihilating positron-electron pairs in aluminum"
"GIAP(1995A)",1995,"4A5B","3-D intern dosim, integrates 3-D maps from SPECT w point kernel calc","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 36,1885-1894 (1995)","Huan B. Giap, Daniel J. Macey, Donald A. Podoloff","Development of a SPECT-based three-dimensional treatment planning system for radioimmunotherapy"
"GIAP(1995B)",1995,"4A5A","Point kernel conv technique,3D dose from 3D distrib of radionuclides","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,  365-381(1995)","H B Giap, D J Macey, J E Bayouth, A L Boyer","Validation of a dose-point kernel convolution technique for internal dosimetry"
"GIFFORD(2002)",2006,"4A3A","Photon dose calculation algorithm,accuracy verification","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 3,  26-45(2002)","Gifford,K.A.,Followill,D.S.,Liu,H.H.,Starkschal,G.","Verification of the accuracy of a photon dose-calculation algorithm"
"GIFFORD(2006)",2006,"2C","Treats interfaces of vastly different atomic number","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,2253-2265(2006)","Gifford,K.A.,Horton,J.L.,Wareing,T.A.,Failla,G.,Mourtada,F.","Comparison of a finite-element multigroup discrete-ordinates code with Monte Carlo for radiotherapy calculations"
"GILFRICH(1968)",1968,"4C2","Spectral distribution of X-ray tubes for XRF","Journal","Anal. Chem. 40,1077-1080(1968)","Gilfrich,J.V.,Birks,L.S.","Spectral distribution of X-ray tubes for quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis"
"GILFRICH(1990)",1990,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 19,  45-51(1990)","Gilfrich,J.V.","New horizons in x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"GILFRICH(2001)",2001,"4C4","Significant work in XRF group at NRL - impact on analytical chemistry","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,203-211(2001)","John V. Gilfrich","X-ray fluorescence analysis at the Naval Research Laboratory†"
"GLASOV(2003)",2003,"2E","Distributions of reflected electrons (REELS) calc w invariant-embedding","Journal","Phys. Rev. B68,155409(15 pages)(2003)","Glasov,L.G.,Tougaard,S.","Electron backscattering from surfaces: The invariant-embedding approach"
"GLASOV(2004)",2004,"2E","Invariant-embedding applied to positron backscattering","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B215,509-524(2004)","Glasov,L.G.,Pazsit,I.","Applications of invariant embedding: positron backscattering from surfaces"
"GLAVATSKIKH(2001)",2001,"4B11","E-beam charging, trapping, transport simulation,electric fields","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 89,  440-448(2001)","Glavatskikh,I.A.,Kortov,V.S.","Self-consistent electrical charging of insulating layers and metal-insulator-semiconductor structures"
"GLEGG(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Two treatment planning systems compared","Journal","Med. Dosimetry 28,  99-105(2003)","Glegg,M.M.","Electron dose calculations: A comparison of two commercial treatment planning computers"
"GLOTER(2003)",2003,"4E8A","EELS spectra,numer meth to improve energy resolution down to 0.3 eV","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   96,385-400(2003)","Gloter,A.,Douiri,A.,Tence,M.,Colliex,C.","Improving energy resolution of EELS spectra: an alternative to the monochromator solution"
"GOBERT(2004)",2004,"4E5","Studied frequency of chomosome aberrations induced by soft X-rays","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 80, 125-145(2004)","Gobert,F.-N.,Lamoureaux,M.,Heve du Penhoat,M.-A.,Ricoul,M.,Boissiere,A.,Touati,A.,Abel,F.,Polities,M.-F.,Fayard,B., Guigner,J.M.,Martins,L.,Testard,I.,Sabatier,L.,Chetioui,A.","Chromosome aberrations and cell inactivation induced in mammalian cells by ultrasoft X-rays: correlation with the core ionizations in DNA"
"GODDU(1994)",1994,"4A6","Dose to individual cells, need for reliable dose calculations","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 35,  303-316 (1994)","S. Murty Goddu, Roger W. Howell, Dandamudi V. Rao","Cellular dosimetry: Absorbed fractions for monoenergetic electron and alpha particle sources and S-values for radionuclides uniformly distributed in different cell compartments"
"GOEL(1996)",1996,"4C2","Thick-target x-ray spectra from Ag,Au,7 keV","Journal","Phys. Rev. A54,2056-2059(1996)","Goel,S.K.,Shanker,R.","Experimental thick-target bremsstrahlung spectra from collisions of 7.0 keV electrons with Ag and Au"
"GOFFMAN(2002)",2002,"4A3B","Commentary,IMRT:many radiobiological and clinical concerns","Journal","Radiat. Res. 158,115-117(2002)","Goffman,T.E.,Glatstein,E.","Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (review)"
"GOH WORKGROUP(2004)",2004,"4A5C","Guidelines for clinicians for use of PET","Journal","Annals Academy of Medicine 33,187-194(2004)","The Workgroup for the Chapter of Radiologists, Academy of Medicine,Singapore","Clinical indications for positron emission tomography (PET) scanning"
"GOHLER(1991)",1991,"3E","X-ray depth profile, fluoresc correction","Journal","Scanning 13,   1-5(1991)","Gohler,K.,Hanisch,M.","Characteristic fluorescence correction for layered samples. !. Closed solution for film-substrate combination"
"GOLDSMITH(2004)",2004,"4A6","Microdosimetry,rad.-absorbed dose,radiobiologic response of tissues","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 45,1104-1105 (2004)","Stanley J. Goldsmith","Improving insight into radiobiology and radionuclide therapy (review)"
"GOLDSTEIN(1989)",1989,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,wavelength-dispersive","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   28,162-164(1989)","Goldstein,J.I.,Lyman,C.E.,Williams,D.B.","The wavelength-dispersive spectrometer and its proposed use in the analytical electron microscope"
"GOLEK(1996)",1996,"4D4","Sec. elect emiss,60-1000eV primaries,NaCl,Kcl,LiF,CaF2 on W(110)","Journal","Surf. Sci. 369,415-423(1996)","Golek,F.,Bauer,E.","Secondary electron emission from ionic crystals"
"GOMEZ-MORILLO(2006)",2006,"4E7","PIXE–RBS, PIXE–PIXE, µ-SRXRF, & WDS accuracy compared","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B249,897-902(2006)","Inmaculada Gomez-Morilla, Alíz Simon, Rolf Simon, C. Terry Williams, Árpád Z. Kiss, Geoffrey W. Grime","An evaluation of the accuracy and precision of X-ray microanalysis techniques using BCR-126A glass reference material"
"GOODHEAD(1989A)",1989,"4E5","Track structure for various radiations","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 55,513-529(1989)","Goodhead,D.T.,Nikjoo,H.","Track structure analysis of ultrasoft x-rays compared to high- and low-LET radiations"
"GOODHEAD(1989B)",1989,"4E5","Initial physical damage produced by ionizing radiations","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 56,623-634(1989)","Goodhead,D.T.","The initial physical damage produced by ionizing radiations"
"GOODHEAD(1990)",1990,"4E5","MC track structure analysis, biophysical models for radiation action","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  31,343-350(1990)","Goodhead,D.T.,Nikjoo,H.","Current status of ultrasoft x rays and track structure analysis as tools for testing and developing biophysical models of radiation action"
"GOODHEAD(1994A)",1989,"4A6","Initial events in the cellular effects of ionizing radiations","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 65,    7-17(1994)","Goodhead,D.T.","Initial events in the cellular effects of ionizing radiations: clustered damage in DNA"
"GOODHEAD(1994B)",1994,"4E5","4 different models for evaluating DNA damage w track structure calcs","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,217-223(1994)","Goodhead,D.T.,Leenhouts,H.P.,Paretzke,H.G.,Terrissol,M.,Nikjoo,H.,Blaauboor,R.","Track structure approaches to the interpretation of radiation effects on DNA"
"GOODHEAD(1995)",1994,"4E5","Importance of clustered damage in DNA, various models compared","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 34,  67-72(1995)","Goodhead,D.T.","Molecular and cell models of biological effects of heavy ion radiation"
"GOODHEAD(2006)",2006,"4E4","Broad field of microdosimetry,historical threads traced","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.122,    3-15(2006)","Dudley T. Goodhead","Energy deposition stochastics and track structure: what about the target? (review)"
"GOORLEY(2000)",2000,"4B03","Neutron capture therapy,spectra of Gd-159 beta decay,K-photoelecs,..","Journal","Radiat. Res. 154,556-563(2000)","Goorley,T.,Nikjoo,H.","Electron and photon spectra for three gadolinium-based cancer therapy approaches"
"GOPINATH(1985)",1985,"4B06","Photon absorp coeffs,gamma dosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Res. 101,252-261(1985)","Gopinath,D.V.,Natarajan,A.,Subbaiah,K.V.","Use of appropriate absorption coefficients in gamma-ray dosimetry"
"GOPINATH(1987)",1987,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,shield-tissue","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  97,362-373(1987)","Gopinath,D.V.,Subbaiah,K.V.,Trubey,D.K.","Gamma-ray transport in a shield-tissue composite system and the buildup factor implications"
"GORDON(1995)",1995,"4C3","X-ray microprobe","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B101,293-298(1995)","Gordon,B.M.,Jones,K.W.","Design criteria and sensitivity calculations for multielemental trace analysis at the NSLS X-ray Microprobe"
"GORGL(1992)",1992,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra,expt,sol st detector","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 21,  37-41(1992)","Gorgl,R.,Wobrauschek,P.,Kregsamer,P.,Streli,C.","Measurement of the spectral distribution of a diffraction x-ray tube with a solid-state detector"
"GORGL(1995)",1995,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra,measured","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 24,157-162(1995)","Gorgl,R.,Wobrauschek,P.,Streli,C.,Aiginger,C.,Benedikt,M.","Energy-dispersive measurement and comparison of different spectra from diffraction x-ray tubes"
"GORGL(1996)",1996,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra,experiment","Journal","J. Trace Microprobe Techn 14,589-604(1996)","Gorgl,R.,Wobrauschek,P.,Streli,C.,Aiginger,H.,Benedikt,M.","Experimental x-ray tube spectra"
"GORKA(2006)",2006,"4B09","PENELOPE,CVD-diamond dosimeters,influence of electrodes","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,3607-3623(2006)","Górka,B,Nilsson,B,Fernández-Varea,J.M., R Svensson,R.,Brahme,A.","Influence of electrodes on the photon energy deposition in CVD-diamond dosimeters studied with the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE"
"GOTO(1975)",1975,"4D1","Auger,secondary electrons excited by backscattered electrons","Journal","Surf. Sci.   47, 477-494(1975)","Goto,K.,Ishikawa,K.Koshikawa,T.,Shimizu,R.","Auger and secondary electrons excited by backscattered electrons: An approach to quantitative analysis"
"GOTO(1993)",1993,"4B10","Detectors,silicon","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A333,452-457(1993)","Goto,S.","Response functions of a Si(Li) detector for photon energies from 1 to 10 keV"
"GOULET(1994)",1994,"4D3","Electron backsc,low E,argon,mfp role","Journal","Phys. Rev. B50,  5105-5109(1994)","Goulet,T.,Jung,J.M.,Michaud,M.,Jaygerin,J.P.,Sanche,L.","Conduction-band density-of-states in solid argon revealed by low energy electron backscattering from thin films: Role of the electron mean free path"
"GRABHERR(1993)",1993,"4D1","XPS,concentration depth profiles","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  63,  43-52(1993)","Grabherr,M.G.,Ebel,H.,Eberl,M.F.,Svagera,R.,Baron,G.","Investigation of concentration depth profiles by means of angle-resolved XPS: A polynomial model"
"GRAFUTIN(2002)",2002,"4C1","Positron annihilation spectroscopy,review,application to solids","Journal","Physics - Uspekhi 45,59-74(2002)","Grafutin,V.I.,Prokop'ev,E.P.","Positron annihilation spectroscopy in materials structure studies"
"GRAIS(1982)",1982,"4D4","Escape probabiliy for insulators,semiconds,equation of Dionne(1973)","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 53,5239-5242(1982)","Grais,K.I.,Bastawros,A.M.","A study of secondary electron emission in insulators and semiconductors"
"GRAY(1983)",1983,"4C2","X-ray production,char x-ray cross sects","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 12,163-169(1983)","Gray,C.C.,Chapman,J.N.,Nicholson,W.A.P.,Robertson,B.W.,Ferrier,R.P..","X-ray production in thin films by electrons with energies between 40 and 100 keV. II. Characteristic cross sections and the overall X-ray spectrum (EMAS '98 Reference)"
"GREEFF(2001)",2001,"4D4","MC study of electron transport in ZnS phosphor with ZnO overlayer","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  448-456(2001)","Greeff,A.P.,Swart,H.C.","Monte Carlo simulation of low-energy electron trajectories and energy loss in ZnS phosphor powders"
"GREEN(1961)",1961,"4C2","X-ray production efficiency,simp model","Journal","Proc Phys Soc London 78,1206-1214(1961)","Green,M.,Cosslett,V.E.","The efficiency of production of characteristic x-radiation in thick targets of a pure element"
"GREEN(1962?)",1962,"4C2","X-ray line intensity,production efficiency","Journal","Radiat. Res.   40?,185-192(1962?)","Green,M.","The efficiency of production of characteristic x radiation"
"GREEN(1963)",1963,"4C3","Spatial distribution of K-shell ionization,MC calculation","Journal","Proc Phys Soc London 82,  204-215(1963)","Green,M.","A Monte Carlo calculation of the spatial distribution of characteristic x-ray production in a solid target"
"GREEN(1968)",1968,"4C2","X-ray,K,L,M, production efficiencies","Journal","J. Phys. D  1,  425-436(1968)","Green,M.,Cosslett,V.E.","Measurements of K, L, and M shell x-ray production efficiencies"
"GREEN(1999)",1999,"4E5","Structure of track provides init conditions for radiation chemical model","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,221-228(1999)","Green,N.J.B.,Bolton,C.E.,Spencer-Smith,R.D.","The link between physics and chemistry in track modeling (review)"
"GREGOIRE(2003)",2003,"4A4","Radiological safety of red meat,radioactivity measurements","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 67,  169-183(2003)","Gregoire,O.,Cleland,M.R.,Mittendorfer,J.,Dababneh,S.,Ehlermann,D.A.E.,Fan,X.,Kappeler,F.,Logar,J.,Meissner,J.,Mullier,B.,Stichelbaut,F.,Thayer,D.W.","Radiological safety of food irradiation with high energy X-rays: theoretical expectations and experimental evidence"
"GREGOIRE(2007)",2007,"4A5C","PET adds dimension to managing patients with cancer","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 48,   68S-77S(2007)","Vincent Grégoire,Karin Haustermans,Xavier Geets,Sarah Roels,Max Lonneux","PET-based treatment planning in radiotherapy: A new standard? (review)"
"GREGORY(1991)",1991,"4C1","Positron implantation,Monte Carlo","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  62,   1-7(1991)","Gregory,R.B.,Su,W.","Monte Carlo calculation of positron implantation in multilayered materials"
"GRELLA(2003)",2003,"4E9","3-D simul of SEM images,surf charging,MC,Poisson eq soln algorithm","Journal","Scanning 25,300-308(2003)","Grella,L.,Lorusso,G.,Adler,D.L.","Simulations of scanning electron microscopy imaging and charging of insulating structures"
"GRIBKOV(2004)",2003,"4E5","Pulsed radiation biochemistry,spurs and blobs","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 43:303-309(2004)","Gribkov,V.A.,Orlova,M.A.","On various possibilities in pulsed radiation biochemistry and chemistry"
"GRIES(1987)",1987,"4C4","XRF spectrometry,analyt application","Journal","Fres J Anal Chem 329,133-138(1987)","Gries,W.H.","Some recent developments in the surface analytical application of x-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"GRIES(1988)",1988,"3C","Centroid depth determination","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 12,167-169(1988)","Gries,W.H.","Non-destructive centroid depth determination of analyte profiles using intensity attenuation in photon and electron spectroscopies"
"GRIES(1989)",1989,"4D1","XPS,EPMA,angle-resolved,depth profiles","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 7,1655-1662(1989)","Gries,W.H.","An evaluation of the capabilities of photon and electron spectroscopies for nondestructive quantitative measurements on analyte depth profiles by the angle-resolved signal ratio method"
"GRIES(1990A)",1990,"4D1","X-ray photoelectrons,atten length","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 16,149-153(1990)","Gries,W.H.,Werner,W.","Take-off angle and film thickness dependences of the attenuation length of x-ray photoelectrons by a trajectory reversal method"
"GRIES(1990B)",1990,"4C3","EPMA,angle-resolved,depth profiles","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 16,321-324(1990)","Gries,W.H.,Koschig,W.","Determination of the centroid depths of the depth profiles of ion-implanted analytes by angle-resolved electron microbeam analysis"
"GRIES(1991)",1991,"4D1","XPS,AES,angle-resolved,intens modul","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 17,803-812(1991)","Gries,W.H.","Angular intensity modulation in angle-resolved XPS and AES of noncrystalline ultrathin surface layers: The phenomenon and its implications"
"GRIES(1992)",1992,"4D1","XPS,AES,angle-resolved,depth profiles","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 107,  117-135(1992)","Gries,W.H.","The angle-resolved self-ratio technique for surface depth profile investigations by XFS,EMA,XPS and AES"
"GRIES(1995)",1995,"4D1","ARXPS,new universal formula for IMFP","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A13,1304-1309(1995)","Gries,W.H.","Inelastic mean free pathlengths of electrons for quantitative investigations of ultrathin technological surface layers by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectrometry"
"GRIES(1996A)",1996,"4D1","XPS,AES,angle-resolved,depth profiles","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 101, 41-46(1996)","Gries,W.H.","A general procedure for extracting quantitative depth information from take-off angle-resolved XPS and AES"
"GRIES(1996B)",1996,"4D1","Inelastic mean free paths prediction equation, XPS, AES","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 24,    38-50(1996)","Gries,W.H.","A universal predictive equation for the inelastic mean free pathlengths of x-ray photoelectrons and Auger electrons"
"GRIME(2005)",2005,"4E6","PIXE overview,current state","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,265-268(2005)","Grime,G.W.","A perspective on the tenth annual conference on particle induced x-ray emission and its applications"
"GROGER(2004)",2004,"4E8A","EELS, brief review","Book","EMAS 2004 -  6th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Bled, Slovenia, pp     71-72","Zalar,A.","Electron energy-loss spectrometry in the electron microscope (summary of tutorial)"
"GROOM(1998)",1998,"1A","Graphs: photon atten length,pair conversion prob,photon cross-sects",,"Found on web, p 152-153","Groom,D.E.","24. Photon and electron interactions with matter"
"GROOM(1999)",1999,"1B","Handbook info,ion stopping power,photon,electron interactions",,"Found on web,p. 1-11","Groom,D.E.,Klein,S.R.","23. Passage of particles through matter"
"GROSSWENDT(1978)",1978,"4E3","W values,practical ranges,backscat coeffs,spatial-energy dissipation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 155,145-156(1978)","Grosswendt,B.,Waibel,E.","Transport of low energy electrons in nitrogen and air"
"GROSSWENDT(1985)",1985,"4E4","Probability distribution of ionisations","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  13,  95-102(1985)","Grosswendt,B.,Waibel,E.","Statistical ionization yield fluctuations and determination of spatial ionization and energy absorption for low energy electrons"
"GROSSWENDT(1994)",1994,"4E5","Photons in water,track entities formation","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,237-244(1994)","Grosswendt,B.","Formation of track entities by photons in water"
"GROSSWENDT(1998)",1998,"4E3","Analytic model to calc radial distrib of ioniz yield around proton tracks","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,  325-337(1998)","Willems,G.,Grosswendt,B.","W values and radial dose distributions for protons in TE-gas and air at energies up to 500 MeV"
"GROSSWENDT(1999)",1999,"2B","Basic features of photon tracks in liquid water discussed","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,147-161(1999)","Grosswendt,B.","Basic aspects of photon transport through matter with respect to track structure formation (review)"
"GROSSWENDT(2002A)",2002,"4E5","Probability distribs of ion cluster sizes created by alpha partcles","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 41:  91-102(2002)","Grosswendt,B.,Pszona,S.","The track structure of alpha-particles from the point of view of ionization-cluster formation in ""nanometric"" volumes of nitrogen"
"GROSSWENDT(2002B)",2002,"4E5","MC,ionization yield formation by electrons,alpha-particles in liquid H20","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 41:103-112(2002)","Grosswendt,B.","Formation of ionization clusters in nanometric structures of propane-based tissue-equivalent gas or liquid water by electrons and alpha-particles"
"GROSSWENDT(2004)",2004,"4E5","To find ionization cluster-size distribs in nanometric vols of liquid water","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.110,789-799(2004)","Grosswendt,B.","Recent advances of nanodosimetry (review)"
"GROSSWENDT(2005)",2005,"4E4","Nanodosimetry,basic aspects,overview about its present state","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.115,    1-9(2005)","Grosswendt,B.","Nanodosimetry, from radiation physics to radiation biology (review)"
"GROSSWENDT(2006A)",2006,"4E4","Radiat-induced freq distrib of ionisation cluster-size formation in water","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.122,404-414(2006)","Grosswendt,B.","Nanodosimetry, the metrological tool for connecting radiation physics with radiation biology (review)"
"GROSSWENDT(2006B)",2006,"4E5","Studied cluster-size formation by electrons as functioni of target size","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.122,437-445(2006)","Grosswendt,B.","Ionisation cluster-size formation by electrons: from macroscopic to nanometric target sizes"
"GROZEV(1998)",1998,"4B03","Beta-ray,point sources,dose distribution","Journal","Bulgarian J. Phys. 25,86-94(1998)","Grozev,P.A.,Vapirev,E.I.","Analytical approximation of the dose distribution from point beta-sources"
"GRUDSKII(1984)",1984,"4B08","x-ray photoem, expt/Monte Carlo comparisons","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 227,126-134(1984)","Grudskii, M.Y.,Roldugin,N.N.,Smirnov,V.V.,Adadurov, A.F.,Lazurik,V.T.","Experimental investigation and Monte Carlo calculation of photo-induced electron emission from solids"
"GRUZZA(1989)",1989,"4E8C","AES,elastic diffusion of primary electrons(EPES)","Journal","J. Phys. D 22,  717-719(1989)","Gruzza,B.,Pariset,C.","Influence of elastic diffusion of electrons on the Auger current formulation and the backscattering factor"
"GRUZZA(2003)",2003,"4E8C","EPES,Au on Al2O3 films;Monte Carlo simulation of trajectories","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 212-213,667-673(2003)","Gruzza,B.,Robert,C.,Bideux,L.","EPES applied to the study of gold/alumina interfaces"
"GRYZINSKI(1965)",1965,"1B","Inelastic scattering theory (classical)","Journal","Phys. Rev. 138, 336-$(1965)","Gryzinski,M.","Classical theory of atomic collisions. I. Theory of inelastic collisions"
"GUALDRINI(2005)",2005,"2H","Code comparison for dosimetry in radiation protection,medical physics","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.115,587-599(2005)","G. Gualdrini, S. Agosteo, S. Ménard, R. A. Price, J.-L. Chartier, B. Großwendt, I. Kodeli, G. P. Leuthold, B. R. L. Siebert, H. Tagziria, R. J. Tanner, M. Terrissol, M. Zankl","QUADOS intercomparison: a summary of photon and charged particle problems"
"GUDAT(1972)",1972,"4D2","Yield spectroscopy used to study x-ray abs fine structure","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   29,169-172(1972)","Gudat,W.,Kunz,C.","Close similarity between photoelectric yield and photoabsorption spectra in the soft X-ray range"
"GUEORGUIEV(1996A)",1996,"4C7","Spatial distrib of energy density in PMMA,e-beams at 30,45,60 deg","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B14,2462-2466(1996)","Gueorguiev,Y.M.,Mladenov,G.M.,Ivanov,D.I.","Monte-Carlo simulation of inclined incidence of fast electrons to solids"
"GUEORGUIEV(1996B)",1996,"4C7","M.C.simulation,multilayer targets","Journal","Vacuum 47,1227-1230(1996)","Gueorguiev,Y.M.,Ivanov,D.I.,Mladenov,G.M.","A program for Monte Carlo simulation of penetration and scattering of accelerated electrons in multicomponent multilayer targets"
"GUERMAZI(1996)",1996,"4C5","EBIC theoretical model,accounts for lateral diffusion,defects,surfaces","Journal","J. Phys. III France 6,481-490(1996)","Guermazi,S.,Toureille,A.,Grill,C.,ElJani,B.,Lakhoua,N.","Extended generation profile - E.B.I.C. model"
"GUERMAZI(2001)",2001,"4C5","EBIC,analytical model","Journal","Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.16, 45-51(2001)","Guermazi,S.,Guermazi,H.,Mlik,Y.,El Jani,B.,Grill,C.,Toureille,A.","Determination of the diffusion length and the optical self absorption coefficient using EBIC model"
"GUILLERMINET(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Gel dosimeter approach to more precise 3D dose calculation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B207,124-130(2003)","Guillerminet,C.,Gschwind,R.,Makovicka,L.,Novotny,J.,Jr.,Specvacek,V.,Cechak,T.","Determination of 3D dose distribution by PAG and Monte-Carlo simulations"
"GULLIKSON(1989)",1989,"4B08","1-10 kev x-rays,sec elect yield,solid Xe,1-D diffusion model,charging","Journal","Phys. Rev. B39,     1-9(1989)","Gullikson,E.M.,Henke,B.L.","X-ray induced secondary-electron emission from solid xenon"
"GUNTHER(2002)",2002,"4B08","Review,photoelectron microscopy(PEM),operation,microscopes,etc.","Journal","Prog. Surf. Sci. 70,187-260(2002)","Gunterh,S.,Kaulish,B.,Gregoratti,L.,Kiskinova,M.","Photoelectron microscopy and application in surface and materials science"
"GUPTA(1985)",1985,"2B","Monte Carlo method,a different approach","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  90,256-262(1985)","Gupta,S.K.,Prasad,M.A.","A different approach for the application of Monte Carlo methods to electron transport"
"GUPTA(1993)",1993,"4A5C","Clinical applications of PET in cancer (review)","Journal","CA Cancer J. Clin. 43,235-254(1993)","Gupta,N.C.,Frick,M.P.","Clinical applications of positron-emission tomography in cancer (review)"
"GURBAN(2002)",2002,"4E8C","EPES,Ag,Ge,Sn reference samples,inelastic mfp determination","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 34,  206-210(2002)","Gurban,S.,Gergely,G.,Menyhard,M.,Adam,J.,Adamik,M.,Daroczi,C.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Csik,A.,Gruzza,B.","Ag, Ge, and Sn reference samples for elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES), used for experimental determination of the inelastic mean free path and the surface excitation parameter"
"GURBAN(2006)",2006,"4E8C","EPES,determ of IMFP in SIO2,MgO,Al2O3","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  624-627(2006)","Gurban,S.,Gergely,G.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Jablonski,A.,Menyhard,M.","Experimental determination of the inelastic mean free path (IMFP) of electrons in selected oxide films applying surface excitation correction"
"GUSTAFSSON(1994)",1994,"4A2","Pencil beam algorithm","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,  343-357(1994)","Gustafsson,A.,Lind,B.K.,Brahme,A.","Generalized pencil beam algorithm for optimization of radiation therapy"
"HAERENDEL(2001)",2001,"4C6","auroral particle acceleration mechanisms","Journal","Phys. Chem. Earth 26,25-32(2001)","Haerendel,G.","Mechanisms of auroral particle acceleration"
"HAGEN(2006)",2006,"2B","MC model:simulation of primary & secondary electrons at 200 keV","Journal","Scanning 28,204–211(2006)","Hagen,C.W.,Silvis-Cividjian,N.,Kruit,P.","Resolution limit for electron beam-induced deposition on thick substrates"
"HAGGMARK(1974)",1974,"1B","Elastic scattering cross sects (Riley)","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 19,471(1974)","Haggmark,L.G.,Maccallum,C.j.,Riley,M.E.","New scattering cross sections for electron transport"
"HAGHIGHAT(2003)",2003,"2F","Hybrid methods (MC,Deterministic),reviews determistic importance fns","Journal","Progr. Nucl. Energy 42,25-53(2003)","Haghighat,A.,Wagner,J.C.","Monte Carlo variance reduction with deterministic importance functions"
"HAIDER(1995)",1995,"4B06","Dose in non-equilibrium regions, parameters based on expt,not M.C.","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,    31-43(1995)","Haider,J.A.,El-Khatib,E.E.","Differential scatter integration in regions of electronic non-equilibrium"
"HAIDER(1997)",1997,"4B06","Cavity theory,general","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,  491-500(1997)","Haider,J.A.,Skarsgard,L.D.,Lam,G.K.Y.","A general cavity theory"
"HAIMOVICH(1996)",1996,"3A","Tutorial,thickness estimation using MC,backscattered image analysis","Journal","AMP J. Technology 5,65-78(1996)","Haimovich,J.,Leibold,K.,Staudt,G.","Estimating and measuring thickness of thin layers by Monte Carlo simulation and backscattered electron image analysis (tutorial)"
"HAKALA(2005)",2003,"4D3","Variation of backscatter coeff in W with incident angle,beam energy","Journal","J. Phys. D 38,  711-721(2005)","Hakala,M.,Corbel,C.,Nieminen,R.M.","Electron emission from solids under electron irradiation: a Monte Carlo study"
"HALBLEIB(1974)",1974,"2B","TIGER code manual","Report","ORNL-RSIC report,CCC-245(1974)","Halbleib,J.A.Halbleib,Sr.","TIGER: One-dimensional multilayer electron/photon Monte Carlo transport code"
"HALBLEIB(1982)",1982,"2B","Discussion of ETRAN codes","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 41,475(1982)","Halbleib,J.A.","Coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport at intermediate energies [see MOREL(1982)]"
"HALBLEIB(1984)",1984,"2B","ITS M.C.code description","Report","Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND84-0573(1984)","Halbleib,J.A.,Mehlhorn,T.A.","ITS: The integrated TIGER series of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport codes"
"HALBLEIB(1986)",1986,"4B07","MC approach to interface phenomena","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 33,1287-1291(1986)","Halbleib,J.A.","A new approach to the Monte Carlo prediction of interface phenomena"
"HALBLEIB(1988A)",1988,"2B","ITS M.C.code,structure & operation","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 10, 249-262 (1989)","Halbleib,J.","Structure and operation of the ITS code system"
"HALBLEIB(1988B)",1988,"2B","ITS Monte Carlo codes,applications","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 11, 263-284 (1989)","Halbleib,J.","Applications of the ITS codes"
"HALBLEIB(1992A)",1992,"2B","ITS M.C.code description","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 39,1025-1030(1992)","Halbleib,J.A.,Kensek,R.P.,Valdez,G.D.","ITS: The integrated TIGER series of electron photon transport codes: Version 3.0"
"HALBLEIB(1992B)",1992,"2B","Monte Carlo code,ITS version 3.0","Report","Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND91-1634(1992)","Halbleib,J.A.,Kensek,R.P.,Mehlhorn,T.A.,,Valdez,G.D.,Seltzer,S.M.,Berger,M.J.","ITS version 3.0: The integrated TIGER series of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport codes"
"HALBLEIB(1995)",1995,"2B","ITS code,v. 4.0,description","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,329-330(1995)","Halbleib,J.A.,Kensek,R.P.,Seltzer,S.M.","Version 4.0 of ITS electron/photon Monte Carlo transport codes"
"HALEC(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron stopping,Ge","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303,   53-57(1994)","Halec,A.,Maguire,P.,Simpson,P.J.,Schultz,P.J.,Aers,G.C.,Jackman,T.E.,Marshall,P.","Positron stopping in germanium"
"HALL(2001)",2001,"4A6","Cancer risks, instability, bystander Effect, microbeam.","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:  21-25(2001)","Hall,E.J.","Genomic instability, bystander effect, cytoplasmic Irradiation and other phenomena that may achieve fame without fortune"
"HALL(2003A)",2003,"4A6","Bystander effect,biological effects expts,microbeams (review)","Journal","Health Phys. 85,  31-35(2003)","Hall,E.J.","The bystander effect (review)"
"HALL(2003B)",2003,"4A6","Genomic instability and bystander effects, high-LET radiation","Journal","Oncogene 22,7034-7042(2003)","Hall,E.J.,Hei,T.K.","Genomic instability and bystander effects induced by high-LET radiation"
"HALLER(1996)",1996,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence analysis","Journal","J. Trace Microprobe Techn 14,461-488(1996)","Haller,M.,Knochel,A.","X-ray fluorescence analysis using synchrotron radiation (SYXRF)"
"HAMACHER(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Compromise between overdosing nearby organs,underdosing target","Journal","Discrete Applied Mathematics 118,145-161(2002)","H. W. Hamacher, K. H. Küfer","Inverse radiation therapy planning: a multiple objective optimization approach"
"HAMM(1978)",1978,"4E2","MC,slowing-down spectra,H2O,effects of different low-LET radiations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 23,1149-1161(1978)","Hamm,R.N.,Wright,H.A.,Katz,R.,Turner,J.E.,Ritchie,R.H.","Calculated yields and slowing-down spectra for electrons in liquid water: implications for electron and photon RBE"
"HAMM(1985)",1985,"4E6","MC track segment calculations,1, 2, 5, 10 MeV protons in liquid water","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  13,  83-86(1985)","R.N. Hamm, J.E. Turner, H.A. Wright","Statistical fluctuations in heavy charged particle tracks"
"HAN(1987)",1987,"4B04","Monte Carlo generated photon spectra for Co60 source","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 414-419(1987)","Han,K.,Ballon,D.,Chui,C.,Mohan,R.","Monte Carlo simulation of a cobalt-60 beam"
"HAN(2002)",2002,"4C7","Complete model of electron energy transfer to photoresist","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B20,2666-2671(2002)","Han,G.,Khan,M.,Fang,Y.H.,Cerrina,F.","Comprehensive model of electron energy deposition"
"HANOKA(1981)",1981,"4C5","EBIC,review article","Journal","Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 11,353-380(1981)","Hanoka,J.I.,Bell,R.O.","Electron-beam-induced currents in semiconductors"
"HANSEN(1992)",1992,"4D1","Validity of peak shape analysis method studied","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B10,2938-2944(1992)","Hansen,H.S., Jansson,C.,Tougaard,S.","Inhomogeneous peak shape method applied to quantitative surface analysis of inhomogeneous samples"
"HARADA(1999)",1999,"4C4","XRF using K-lines,40-100 keV,advantages for high-Z elements","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 54B,    29-39(1999)","Harada,M.,Sakurai,K.","K-line X-ray fluorescence analysis of high-Z elements"
"HARDER(1970)",1970,"2A","Some general results from the transport theory of electron absorption","Conference","Proc. 2nd Symp. on Microdosimetry, Stresa, 1969, pp. 567-594","Harder,D.","Some general results from the transport theory of electron absorption"
"HARDER(1984)",1984,"4E4","M.C.simul of electron tracks,energy deposition,radial distr","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.    9,171-174(1984)","Harder,D.,Blohm,R.","Microdosimetric characterization of photon and electron radiations"
"HARDINGHAM(1996)",1996,"4C5","EBIC,applied to complex 3-D device structures","Journal","J. Mater. Sci.31,861-868(1996)","Hardingham,C.","Use of electron-beam induced current in a SEM for analysis of space solar cells [recommended by Joy(1997)]"
"HARIMA(1969)",1969,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,multislabs","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech.  6,   711-714(1969)","Harima,Y.,Nishiwaki,Y.","An approximate transmission dose buildup factor for stratified slabs"
"HARIMA(1985)",1985,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,3 source geoms","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  90,165-173(1985)","Harima,Y.,Tanaka,S.","A study of buildup factors, angular and energy distributions at small distances from three source geometries -- plane isotropic, point isotropic, and plane normal -- for low-energy gamma-ray incidence on water"
"HARIMA(1986)",1986,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,geom formula","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  94,  24-35(1986)","Harima,Y.,Sakamoto,Y.,Tanaka,S.,Kawai,M.","Validity of the geometric-progression formula in approximating gamma-ray buildup factors"
"HARIMA(1987)",1987,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,discr ords,M.C.","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  96,241-252(1987)","Harima,Y.,Hirayama,H.,Ishikawa,T.,Sakamoto,Y.,Tanaka,S.","A comparison of gamma-ray buildup factors for low-Z material and for low energies using discrete ordinates and point Monte Carlo methods"
"HARIMA(1989)",1989,"4B01","Gamma buildup factor database","Journal","J. Atomic Energy Soc. Japan 31,477-486(1989)","Harima,Y.,Tanaka,S.,Sakamoto,Y.,Hirayama,H.","New gamma-ray buildup factor data-base for point kernel-method and application to shielding calculation"
"HARIMA(1991A)",1991,"4B01","Gamma-ray attenuation","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 107,385-393(1991)","Harima,Y.,Trubey,D.K.,Sakamoto,Y.,Tanaka,S.","Gamma-ray attenuation in the vicinity of the K edge in molybdenum, tin, lanthanum, gadolinium, tungsten, lead, and uranium"
"HARIMA(1991B)",1991,"4B01","Gamma buildup factor,new","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 28 ,   74-84(1991)","Harima,Y.,Tanaka,S.,Sakamoto,Y.,Hirayama,H.","Development of new gamma-ray buildup factor and application to shielding calculations"
"HARIMA(1992)",1992,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,multislabs","Conference","Proc M&C Topical Mtg.,473-479(1992)","Harima,Y.,Hirayam,H.,Sugiyama,M.,Tanaka,S.","The behaviour of gamma-ray buildup factors in stratified shields"
"HARIMA(1993A)",1993,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors (review)","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 41,  631-672(1993)","Harima,Y.","An historical review and current status of buildup factor calculations and applications"
"HARIMA(1993B)",1993,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,multislab","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 113,367-378(1993)","Harima,Y.,Hirayama,H.","Detailed behavior of exposure buildup factor in stratified shields for plane-normal and point isotropic sources, including the effects of bremsstrahlung and fluorescent radiation"
"HARPEN(2004)",2004,"4A5C","Subtle aspect of PET:positronium formation,symmetry props,decay","Journal","Med. Phys. 31,    57-61 (2004)","Harpen,M.D.","Positronium: Review of symmetry, conserved quantities and decay for the radiological physicist"
"HARRIS(1997)",1997,"4B08","Compact total-electron-yield detector to collect x-ray absorption spectra","Journal","Rev. Sci. Instr. 68,1972-1974(1997)","Harris,V.G.,Elam,W.T.","A miniature total-electron-yield detector for the measurement of x-ray absorption spectra"
"HART(1986)",1986,"4B07","Dose enhancement,expt,2D M.C.","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 33,1258-1260(1986)","Hart,R.R.,Beezhold,W.,Lorence,L.J.,Smith,A.J.","Comparison of measured dose enhancement effects in LiF TLDs with 2-D Monte-Carlo predictions"
"HARTMANN SIANTAR(1998)",1998,"4A3A","PEREGRINE program;application to radiation therapy (tutorial)","Journal","Eur. J. Phys. 19, 513-521(1998)","Hartmann Siantar,C.L.,Moses,E.I.","The PEREGRINE program: Using physics and computer simulation to improve radiation therapy for cancer (tutorial)"
"HARTMANN-SIANTAR(1997)",1997,"2H","Peregrine M.C.code,photon beam therapy","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  346(1997)","Hartmann-Siantar,C.L.","Fast Monte Carlo for radiotherapy-the PEREGRINE™ code (abstract only)"
"HARTMANN-SIANTAR(2000)",2000,"4A3A","Peregrine M.C.code,photon beam therapy (tutorial review)","Journal","Computing in Medicine, 31-38(Sept/Oct 2000)","Hartmann-Siantar,C.L.,Garrett,D.","Photon-beam radiation therapy and Monte Carlo (tutorial review)"
"HARTMANN-SIANTAR(2001)",2001,"2B","PEREGRINE MC code application to photon beams on water phantom","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,1322-1337(2001)","Hartmann Siantar,C.L.,Walling,R.S.,Daly,T.P., Faddegon,B.,Albright,N.,Bergstrom,P.,Bielajew,A.F.,Chuang,C.,Garret,D., House,R.K.,Knapp,D.,Wieczorek,D.J.,Verhey,L.J.","Description and dosimetric verification of the PEREGRINE Monte Carlo dose calculation system for photon beams incident on a water phantom"
"HARTMANN-SIANTAR(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Treatment planning in targeted radionuclide therapy","Journal","Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 17,267-280(2002)","Hartmann Siantar,C.L.,Vetter,K.,DeNardo,G.L.,DeNardo,S.L.","Treatment planning for molecular targeted radionuclide therapy"
"HASLAM(2003)",2003,"4A3B","IMRT treatment planning system verification by ""hand calculation""","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 4,224-230(2003)","Haslam,J.J.,Bonta,D.V.,Lujan,A.E.,Rash,C.,Jackson,W.,Roeske,J.C.","Comparison of dose calculated by an intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment planning system and an independent monitor unit verification program"
"HATZISTERGOS(2006)",2006,"4C3","EPMA, ZAF method corrected,need only one standard","Journal","J. Appl. Phys.100, 124312,p 1-9 (2006)","M. S. Hatzistergos, E. Lifshina","Measurements of relative x-ray line intensities and their application to a single standard procedure for quantitative x-ray microanalysis"
"HAVRILLA(1997)",1997,"4C3","X-ray microfluorescence analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,364-373(1997)","Havrilla,G.J.","Applications of x-ray microfluorescence to materials analysis"
"HAYNOR(1991)",1991,"4A5C","Monte Carlo simulations,transmission scattering of gamma-rays","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 991-1001(1991)","Haynor,D.R.,Harrison,R.L.,Lewellen,T.K.","The use of importance sampling techniques to improve the efficiency of photon tracking in emission tomography simulations"
"HAZELL(1986)",1986,"4D1","XPS,layered sample composition","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal.   8, 25-31(1986)","Hazell,L.B.,Brown,I.S.,Freisinger,F.","A model for determining the composition of layer structured samples using XPS electron take-off angle experiments"
"HAZLE(1991)",1991,"4A1A","AAPM TG-21 protocol,absorbed-dose measurements,x-ray beams","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,1234-1236(1991)","Hazel,J.D.,Kirby,T.H.,Gastorf,R.J.,Hanson,W.F.","Results of photon absorbed-dose measurements using the AAPM TG-21 protocol for accelerating potentials up to 26 MV"
"HE(1988)",1988,"4B10","Detectors,silicon","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A272,847-854(1988)","He,H.J.,Zhang,T.W.,Shang,R.C.,Xu,S.D.","A detailed study of the interaction mechanisms for Si(Li) detector response functions by the direct Monte Carlo approach"
"HE(1991A)",1991,"4C4","Quantitative XRF,fundamental parameters approach","Journal","Anal. Chem. 63, 2237-2244(1991)","He,F.,Vanespen,P.J.","General approach for quantitative energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis based on fundamental parameters"
"HE(1991B)",1991,"2B","Electron scattering,low E,M.C.","Journal","Science in China Series A-Math,Phys,Astron,& Technol Sciences 34,94-104(1991)","He,Y.C.,Tan,Z.Y.,Wang,X.L.","A theory on low energy electron scattering in solids and Monte Carlo calculation"
"HE(1996)",1996,"1B","K-ioniz cross sections,Mo,Fe","Journal","Chinese Phys. Lett. 13,175-177(1996)","He,F.Q.,Long,Z.G.,Peng,Z.F.,Luo,Z.M.,An,Z.","K-shell ionization of molybdenum and iron by electron bombardment"
"HE(1997)",1997,"1B","K-ioniz cross sections,low E","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B129,445-450(1997)","He,F.Q.,Peng,X.F.,Long,X.G.,Luo,Z.M.,An,Z.","K-shell ionization cross sections by electron bombardment at low energies"
"HECKEL(1983)",1983,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung spectrum,15-25 keV","Journal","Experimentelle Technik der Physik 31,493-509(1983)","Heckel,J.,Jugelt,P.","Absolute determination of the bremsstrahlung spectrum from thick targets bombarded with 15,20 and 25 keV"
"HEDTJARN(2002)",2002,"4B03","Dose near heterogeneities calculated using MC correlated sampling","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,  351-376(2002)","Hedtjarn,H.,Carlsson,G.D.,Williamson,J.F.","Accelerated Monte Carlo based dose calculations for brachytherapy planning using correlated sampling"
"HEINRICH(1972)",1972,"4C3","EPMA,theoretical correction models,sources of error","Journal","Anal. Chem. 44,  350-354(1972)","Heinrich,K.F.J.","Errors in theoretical correction systems in quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"HEINRICH(1975A)",1975,"4C3","EMPA,x-ray absorption factor (Philibert model)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 47, 2408-2411(1975)","Heinrich,K.F.J.,Yakowitz,H.","Absorption of primary x rays in electron probe microanalysis"
"HEINRICH(1976B)",1976,"4C3","EPMA,brief survey,ZAF,MC model,simplifications","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p  1-3","Heinrich,K.F.J.","The role of Monte Carlo calculations in electron probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy"
"HEINRICH(1992)",1992,"4C3","Microanalysis, computer-aided","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 3,  95-98(1992)","Heinrich,K.F.J.","Microanalysis and online computers"
"HEINRICH(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA procedures (review)","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series 130,113-122(1993)","Heinrich,K.F.J.","Database and review of quantitative EPMA procedures"
"HEINRICH(1998)",1998,"4C3","Energy-dispersive spectrometry","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   4, 552-558(1998)","Kurt F.J. Heinrich, Ray Fitzgerald,Klaus Keil","Going nondispersive"
"HEINRICH(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,history","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   7, 109-118(2001)","Heinrich,K.F.J.","The golden age of microanalysis"
"HEINRICH(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,accuracy of models compared to standard specimens","Journal","J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.107,483-485(2002)","Heinrich,K.F.J.","Uncertainty in quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"HELUANI(1998)",1998,"2E","Invariant imbedding,EPMA","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,390-396(1998)","Heluani,S.P.,Hoffmann,C.","Application of the invariant embedding method to x-ray microanalysis"
"HELUANI(2000)",2000,"2E","Invariant imbedding approach to EPMA","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B160,235-242(2000)","Heluani,S.P.,Hoffmann,C.","States ladder model for electrons backscattered in x-ray microanalysis.  Application of the invariant embedding method"
"HELUANI(2003)",2003,"4C3","Invariant imbedding applied to EPMA in thin films (also 2E)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,148-153(2003)","Heluani,S.P.,Hoffmann,C.","Thin-film characterization with x-ray microanalysis. Extending and improving invariant embedding results"
"HELUANI(2005)",2005,"4C3","EPMA,invariant imbedding analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,230-234(2005)","Heluani,S.P.","Invariant imbedding approach for electron probe microanalysis. Tilt factor, atomic number and energy of the incident electrons"
"HENDRICKS(1992)",1992,"2B","MCNP code,recent developments","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 39,1035-1040(1992)","Hendricks,J.S.,Briesmeister,J.F.","Recent MCNP Developments"
"HENKE(1977)",1977,"4B08","X-ray photoemiss at low E,intensity,spectrum,models","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 48,1852-1866(1977)","Henke,B.L.,Smith,J.A.,Attwood,D.T.","0.1 - 10 keV x-ray-induced electron emissions from solids - Models and secondary electron measurements"
"HENKE(1979)",1979,"4B08","Sec emiss yields,energy distribs meas,7 semiconductors,9 insulators","Journal","Phys. Rev. B19,3004-3021(1979)","Henke,B.L.,Liesegang,J.,Smith,S.D.","Soft-X-ray induced secondary-electron emission from semiconductors and insulators: models and measurements"
"HENKE(1981)",1981,"4B08","Total,sec yields for Al,Au,CuI,CsI;simple model for x-ray photoemission","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 52,1509-1520(1981)","Henke,B.L.,Smith,J.A.,Attwood,D.T.","The characterization of X-ray photocathodes in the 0.1-10 keV photon energy region"
"HENKE(1993)",1993,"1A","X-ray interactions,tables","Journal","At Dat Nucl Dat Tables 54, 181-342(1993)","Henke,B.L.,Gullikson,E.M.,Davis,J.C.","X-ray interactions: photoabsorption, scattering, transmission, and reflection at E=50-30000 eV, Z=1-92"
"HENNEKEN(2000A)",2000,"4B08","Proportionality of TEY,x-ray abs coeff tested,new analytical model","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 87,  257-268(2000)","Henneken,H.,Scholze,F.,Ulm,G.","Lack of proportionality of total electron yield and soft x-ray absorption coefficient"
"HENNEKEN(2000B)",2000,"4B08","Quantum eff of Au,Cu measured 50eV-10keV w synchroton radiation","Journal","Metrologia 37,485-488(2000)","Henneken,H.,Scholze,F.,Krumrey,M.,Ulm,G.","Quantum efficiencies of gold and copper photocathodes in the VUV and X-ray range"
"HENOC(1975A)",1975,"4C2","EPMA,Monte Carlo model,energy straggling effect included","Journal","J. Phys. D  8,1542-1550(1975)","Henoc,J.,Maurice,F.","Investigation of the straggling effect on characteristic X-ray emission in thick targets"
"HENOC(1976B)",1976,"2B","EPMA,MC program,electron straggling taken into account","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p. 61-95","Henoc,J.,Maurice,F.","Characteristics of a Monte Carlo program for microanalysis - Study of energy loss"
"HENOC(1991)",1991,"4C3","EPMA,Monte Carlo FORTRAN program,calculates Phi(rho*z)","Book","Electron Probe Quantitation (book), edit. K.F.J.Heinrich,D.E.Newbury,Plenum Press,NY,1991,pp 93-104","Henoc,J.,Maurice,F.","A flexible and complete Monte Carlo procedure for the study of the choice of parameters"
"HENSEL(2000)",2000,"4C1","Density measurement technique using positrons","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 53, 617-624(2000)","Hensel,F.","Investigation of a density measurement technique using positron radiation"
"HERRATZ(2006)",2006,"4A5C","High resolution images in 3D-PET obtained better w  iterative methods","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,4547-4565(2006)","Herratz,J.I.,Espana,S.,Vaquero,J.J.,Descu,M.,Udias,J.M.","FIRST: Fast Iterative Reconstruction software for (PET) tomography"
"HERRMANN(1984)",1984,"3A","Electron backscattering","Journal","Scanning   6,  20-29(1984)","Herrmann,R.,Reimer,L.","Backscattering coefficient of multicomponent specimens"
"HERSCHMAN(2003)",2003,"4A5A","MI,exciting hances to study small-animal models of human disease","Journal","Science 302,  605 - 608(2003)","Harvey R. Herschman","Molecular imaging: Looking at problems, seeing solutions (review)"
"HIBI(2004)",2004,"4C3","MC simulation of x-ray emission from film/substrate","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 43,1205-1206(2004)","Hibi,T.,Nagatomi,T.,Takai,Y.Obori,K.,Awasta,S.,Yurugi,T.","Monte Carlo study of X-ray generation from film/substrate structure by electron impact"
"HIGGINS(2003)",2003,"4A2","Algorithm developed for calculation of dose in an irregular electron field","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,  514-520(2003)","Higgins,P.D.,Gerbi,B.J.,Khan,F.M.","Application of measured pencil beam parameters for electron beam model evaluation"
"HILDEBRANDT(1998)",1998,"4C5","EBIC review,theoretical fundamentals,dislocation,defect studies","Journal","Scanning Microsc 12,  535-552(1998)","Hildebrandt,S.,Schreiber,J.,Hergert,W.,Uniewshi,H.,Leipner,H.S.","Theoretical fundamentals and experimental materials and defect studies using quantitative scanning electron microscopy-cathodoluminescnece/electron beam induced current on compound semiconductors"
"HILL(1998)",1998,"4A1","X-ray dose buildup due to electrons","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 21,  51-56(1998)","Hill,R.F.,Keall,P.J.,Beckman,W.A.,Perez,M.D.","Photon buildup in orthovoltage x-ray beams"
"HILL(1999)",1996,"4E5","Review: radiation damage to DNA,track structure","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 31,  15-23(1999)","Hill,M.A.","Radiation damage to DNA: the importance of track structure (review)"
"HILL(2001)",2006,"4A5A","Imaging registration and alignment of images reviewed","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 46,  R001-R045(2001)","Hill,D.L.G.,Batchelor,P.G.,Holden,M.,Hawkes,D.J.","Medical image registration (review)"
"HILL(2002)",2002,"4E5","Found biological effect of single,isolated short electron tracks important","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 78, 967-979(2002)","Hill,M.A.,Stevenes,D.L.,Bance,D.A.,Goodhead,D.T.","Biological effectiveness of isolated short electron tracks: V79-4 cell inactivation following low dose-rate irradiation with AL K ultrasoft X-rays"
"HILTON(1999)",1999,"4C3","High performance superconducting microcalorimeters","Journal","IEEE Trans Applied Superconductivity. 9,3177-3181(June 1999)","Hilton,G.C.,Wollman,D.A.,Irwin,K.D.,Dulcie,L.L.,Bergren,N.F.,Martinis,J.M.","Superconducting transition-edge microcalorimeters for X-ray microanalysis"
"HINTON(1997)",1997,"4C4","Microanalysis:brighter,smaller beams,proton probe,synchrotron XRF","Journal","The Analyst 122,1187–1192 (1997)","Richard W. Hinton","A brilliant future for microanalysis?"
"HIPPLER(1990)",1990,"1B","K-ioniz cross sections,theory","Journal","Phys. Let. A144,  81-85(1990)","Hippler,R.","Plane wave Born calculations of K-shell ionization at low velocities"
"HIRAOKA(1996)",1996,"4B10","Detector,gamma-ray,high dose","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys.   5,  299(1966)","Hiraoka,E.","High dose detector for gamma and x-radiation using Compton scattered electron"
"HIRAYAMA(1987)",1987,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,high E","Journal","Nucl. Technology 77,60-67(1987)","Hirayama,H.","Exposure buildup factors of high-energy gamma-rays for water, concrete, iron, and lead"
"HIRAYAMA(1988)",1988,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors, low E","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  99,145-156(1988)","Hirayama,H.,Trubey,D.K.","Effects of incoherent and coherent scattering on the exposure buildup factors of low-energy gamma rays"
"HIRAYAMA(1990)",1990,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,fluor & brems","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 27,  524-534(1990)","Hirayama,H.,Tanaka,S.,Sakamoto,Y.,Subbaiah,K.V.,Harima,Y.","Comparison of gamma-ray point isotropic buildup factors including fluorescence and bremsstrahlung in lead using discrete ordinates and point Monte Carlo methods"
"HIRAYAMA(1995)",1995,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors, EGS4 calc","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 32,1201-1207(1995)","Hirayama,H.","Calculation of gamma-ray exposure buildup factors up to 40 mfp using the EGS4 Monte Carlo code with a particle splitting"
"HIRAYAMA(1996)",1996,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors, effects of air","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 124,258-270(1996)","Hirayama,H.","Effects of the photon cross sections and energy-absorption coefficients of air to the gamma-ray point isotropic exposure buildup factors"
"HIRAYAMA(1998)",1998,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors, EGS4 study","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 35,  816-829(1998)","Hirayama,H.,Shin,K.","Application of the EGS4 Monte Carlo code to a study of multilayer gamma-ray exposure buildup factors of up to 40 mfp"
"HIRNING(1998)",1998,"4B09","Dosimetry,external, accuracy in","Journal","Health Phys. 75,136-146(1998)","Hirning,C.R.,Yuen,P.S.","Accuracy in external dosimetry of ionizing radiation"
"HISHIKAWA(2002)",2002,"4A5C","PET image useful in verifying proton radiotherapy treatment planning","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53,1388-1391(2002)","Hishikawa,Y.,Kagawa,K.,Murakami,M.,Sakai,H.,Akagi,T.,Abe,M.","Usefulness of positron-emission tomographic images after proton therapy"
"HO(1986)",1986,"4A1","Charge storage in ""solid water"",compared to PMMA,polystyrene","Journal","Med. Phys. 13,   99-100(1986)","Ho,A.K.,Paliwal,B.R.,Attix,F.H.","Charge storage in electron-irradiated phantom materials"
"HO(1991)",1991,"2B","Low E electron scattering,M.C.","Journal","Scanning Microsc  5,  945-951(1991)","Ho,Y.C.,Tan,Z.Y.,Wang,X.L.,Chen,J.G.","A theory and Monte Carlo calculation on low energy electron scattering in solids"
"HOFER(1991)",1991,"4E8A","EELS quantif, inner-shell cross sects","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 2,215-230(1991)","Hofer,F.","Determination of inner shell cross sections for EELS quantification"
"HOFER(1996)",1996,"4E8A","EELS,ionization cross sections for L23 edges of Sr through Mo","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   63,239-245(1996)","Hofer,F.,Kothleitner,G.,Rez,P.","Ionization cross-sections for the L(23) edges of the elements Sr to Mo for quantitative EELS analysis"
"HOFFMAN(1993)",1993,"4D3","30-100 eV Eo,graphite,no correlation betw SEE structure/plasmons","Journal","Phys. Rev. B48,16078-16080(1993)","Hoffman,A.,Elbaum,M.,Brener,R.","Experimental study of the role of plasmon excitation on the appearance of the secondary-electron-emission structure in graphite"
"HOFFMANN(1984)",1984,"2C","Electron transport eq solution,integral eqn method,backscat,transm","Journal","Scanning Electron Micros. 1984,  209-215(1984)","Hoffmann,K.E.,Schmoranzer,H.","Inelastic and elastic multiple scattering of fast electrons described by the transport equation"
"HOFMANN(1994)",1994,"4D1","AES,quantitative (review)","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115,   21-32(1994)","Hofmann,S.","Recent progress in quantitative and high-spatial-resolution AES"
"HOFMANN(1998)",1998,"4D1","Depth profiling,sputter,AES (review)","Journal","Rept. Prog. Phys. 61,  827-888(1998)","Hofmann,S.","Sputter depth profile analysis of interfaces"
"HOGSTROM(1981)",1981,"4A1B","E-beam,dose calculations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 26,  445-459(1981)","Hogstrom,K.R.,Mills,D.,Almond,P.R.","Electron beam dose calculations"
"HOGSTROM(2006)",2006,"4A1B","Historical review of electron beam therapy physics","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R455-R489(2006)","Hogstrom,K.R.,Almond,P.R.","Review of electron beam therapy physics (review)"
"HOLLIDAY(1959)",1959,"3B","Electron range,transmission?","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 30,1428-1431(1959)","Holliday,J.E.,Sternglass,E.J.","New method for range measurements of low-energy electrons in solids"
"HOLLMARK(2004)",2004,"4E7","Light ion beams in water, Fermi-Eyges theory used","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,3247-3265(2004)","Hollmark,M.,Uhrdin,J.,Belkic,Dz.,Gudowska,I.,Brahme,A.","Influence of multiple scattering and energy loss straggling on the absorbed dose distributions of therapeutic light ion beams: I. Analytical pencil beam model"
"HOLMES(1993)",1993,"2B","Monte Carlo correlated sampling,electron beam dose distributions","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,  675-688(1993)","Holmes,M.A.,Mackie,T.R.,Sohn,W.,Reckwerdt,P.J.,Kinsella,T.J.,Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.","The application of correlated sampling to the computation of electron beam dose distributions in heterogeneous phantoms using the Monte Carlo method"
"HOLT(1979)",1979,"3C","Ioniz chamber,polystyrene,dose meas","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys   5,   11-23(1979)","Holt,J.G.,Buffa,A.,Perry,D.J.,Ma,I-Chang,McDonald,J.C.","Absorbed dose measurements using parallel plate polystyrene ionization chambers in polystyrene phantoms"
"HOLT(1996)",1996,"4C5","REBIC,studies of grain boundaries,hi resistivity materials","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Engin. B42,  14-23(1996)","Holt,D.B.,Raza,B.,Wojcik,A.","EBIC studies of grain boundaries"
"HOMBOURGER(1998)",1998,"1B","K-shell ionization cross section,electron impact,empirical expression","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31,3693-3702(1998)","Hombourger,C.","An empirical expression for K-shell ionization cross section by electron impact"
"HOMBOURGER(1999)",1999,"4C4","Low energy x-rays from low Z materials measured,LEXES","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,163-167(1999)","Homouger,C.,Jonnard,P.,Andre,J.-M.,Chauvineau,J.-P.","Use of layered synthetic microstructures for the quantitative x-ray analysis of light elements"
"HONG(1996)",1996,"4E6","Pencil beam algorithm for proton dose calculations,new approach","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1305-1330(1996)","Hong,L.,Goitein,M.,Bucciolini,M.,Comiskey,R.,Gottschalk,B.,Rosenthal,K.,Serago,C.,Urie,M.","A pencil beam algorithm for proton dose calculations"
"HONKIMAKI(1996)",1996,"4C4","XRF,quantitative,applic. to gold jewelry","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,215-220(1996)","Honkimaki,V.,Hamalainen,K.,Manninen,S.","Quantitative x-ray fluorescence analysis using fundamental parameters: application to gold jewelry"
"HOPMAN(2003)",2003,"4D4","Secondary electron emission from insulators,mica & Al2O3","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 131-132,  51-60(2003)","Hopman,H.J.,Alberda,H.,Atterna,I.,Zeijlemaker,H.,Verhoeven,J.","Measuring the secondary electron emission characteristic of insulators"
"HORAKERI(1997)",1997,"1A","Fluorescence yields","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26, 69-74(1997)","Horakeri,L.D.,Hanumaiah,B.,Thontadarya,S.R.","Method for the determination of K shell fluorescence yields"
"HORIGUCHI(1981)",1981,"1B","Electron mean free path,model,for M.C.","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 39,512-514(1981)","Horiguchi,W.,Suzuki,M.,Kobayashi,T.,Yoshino,H.,Sakakibara,Y.","New model of electron mean free path in multiple layers for Monte Carlo simulation"
"HOROWITZ(1983)",1983,"4B06","Cavity theory appl to Co60 dosimetry","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 28,  829-840(1983)","Horowitz,Y.S.,Moscovitch,M.,Dubi,A.","Modified general cavity theory applied to the calculation of gamma dose in Co-60 thermoluminescence dosimetry"
"HOROWITZ(1984)",1984,"4B06","Cavity theory,general","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.    9,    5-18(1984)","Horowitz,Y.S.","Photon general cavity theory"
"HOROWITZ(1986)",1986,"4B06","Cavity theory including interface effects","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  94,233-240(1986)","Horowitz,Y.S.,Moscovitch,M.,Mack,J.M.,Hsu,H.,Kearsley,E.","Incorporation of Monte Carlo electron interface studies into photon general cavity theory"
"HOROWITZ(1993)",1993,"4B06","Electron attenuation coefficients","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  82,600-601(1993)","Horowitz,Y.S.","Effective mass attenuation coefficient for electronic equilibrium spectra created by CO-60 gamma-rays in LiF"
"HOROWITZ(1994)",1994,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry,dose distrib calcs","Journal","Health Phys. 67,330-337(1994)","Horowitz,Y.S.,Hirning,C.R.,Yuen,P.,Wong,P.","Monte Carlo calculations of monoenergetic electron depth dose distributions in LiF chips: Skin dose correction factors for beta rays"
"HOROWITZ(1996)",1996,"4B06","Electron attenuation coefficients","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  65,  41-44(1996)","Horowitz,Y.S.,Barnea,G.","Monte Carlo calculations of electron fluence attenuation coefficients for photon general cavity theory"
"HOROWITZ(2002)",2002,"4E5","TLD response shows linear,supralinear,sublinear behavior","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.100, 91-94(2002)","Horowitz,Y.S.,Saltinger,D.,Avila,O.","Theory of heavy charged particle thermoluminescence response: The extended track interaction model"
"HOVINGTON(1997A)",1997,"2B","CASINO M.C. code,Part 1. C program description","Journal","Scanning 19,    1-14(1997)","Hovington,P,,Drouin,D.,Gauvin,R.","CASINO: a new Monte Carlo code in C-language for electron beam interactions. 1. Description of the program"
"HOVINGTON(1997B)",1997,"2B","CASINO code,Part 3: Stopping power at low energies","Journal","Scanning 19,  29-35(1997)","Hovington,P.,Drouin,D.,Gauvin,R.,Joy,D.C.,Evans,N.","CASINO: a new Monte Carlo code in C-language for electron beam interactions. 3. Stopping power at low energies (2. is DROUIN(1997))"
"HOWELL(1992)",1992,"4A5A","Auger-electron emitting radionuclides,extreme toxicity,photon emitters","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,1371-1383(1992)","Howell,Roger W.","Radiation spectra for Auger-electron emitting radionuclides: Report No. 2 of AAPM Nuclear Medicine Task Group No. 6 (review)"
"HOWELL(1994)",1994,"4A6","Linear-quadratic model for treatment planning for radioimmunotherapy","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 35,1861-1869 (1994)","Roger W. Howell, S. Murty Goddu, Dandamudi V. Rao","Application of the linear-quadratic model to radioimmunotherapy: Further support for the advantage of longer-lived radionuclides"
"HOWELL(1998A)",1998,"3A","MC simul of electron backscattering,low Z","Journal","Scanning 20,  35-40(1998)","Howell,P.G.T.,Davy,K.M.W.,Boyde,A.","Mean atomic number and backscattered electron coefficient calculations for some materials with low atomic number"
"HOWELL(1998B)",1998,"3A","MC simulation of electron backscattering,low Z compounds","Journal","Scanning 20,  45-49(1998)","Howell,P.G.T.,Boyde,A.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron backscattering from compounds with low mean atomic number"
"HOWIE(2000)",2001,"4D3","Secondary electron emission, threshold energy effects","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   6, 291-296(2000)","A. Howie","Threshold energy effects in secondary electron emission"
"HRANITZKY(2006)",2006,"4B09","MC simulation of response of TL detectors,20 to 300 keV x-ray spectra","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.119,483-486(2006)","Hranitzky,C.,Stadtmann,H.,Olko, P.","Determination of LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P TL efficiency for X-rays and their application to Monte Carlo simulations of dosemeter response"
"HSU(2001)",2001,"4B07","Dose enhancement","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 55, 323-326(2001)","Hsu,H-H,Chen,J.,Vasilik,D.G.","Photon radiation dose enhancement at material interfaces"
"HU(1988)??",1990,"4C3","EPMA,fluorescence correction","Journal","J. Phys. D 21,1221-1225(1988) ??","Hu,Y.H.,He,Y.C.,Chen,J.G.","The calculation equations of characteristic fluorescence for multi-layer films ??"
"HU(1999)",1999,"4B06","Multi-slice helical CT: Scan and reconstruction","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,     5-18(1999)","Hu,H.","Multi-slice helical CT: Scan and reconstruction"
"HU(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,film chemical composition,M.C.simulation model","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,110-115(2001)","Hu,Y.,Pan,Y.","Method for the calculation of the chemical composition of a thin film by Monte Carlo simulation and electron probe microanalysis"
"HUANG(1974)",1974,"4D3","Low E electron transmission in alkane thin films","Journal","J. Chem. Phys. 61,2736- (1974)","Huang,J.T.J.,Magee,J.L.","On transmission of low-energy electrons in alkane thin films"
"HUBBARD(1997)",1997,"4C5","Planar EBIC,minority carrier diffusion lengths,6H SiC","Conference","Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1997.,Conference Record of the Twenty-Sixth IEEE, pp. 975-978","Hubbard,S.M.,Tabib-Azar,M.,Bailey,S.,Rybicki,G.,Neudeck,P.,Raffaelle,R.","Effect of crystal defects on minority carrier diffusion lengths in 6H SiC"
"HUBBELL(1963)",1963,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,conversion","Journal","Nucleonics 21,144-148(1963)","Hubbell,J.H.","Dose fields from plane sources using point-source data"
"HUBBELL(1975)",1975,"1A","Photon cross sections,form factors,...","Journal","J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data  4,471-538(1975)","Hubbell,J.H.,Veigele,W.J.,Briggs,E.A.,Brown,R.T.,Cromer,D.T.,Howerton,R.J.","Atomic form factors, incoherent scattering functions, and photon scattering cross sections"
"HUBBELL(1982)",1982,"1A","Photon atten,energy-absorption coeffs","Journal","Int J Appl Radiat Isot 33,1269-1290(1982)","Hubbell,J.H.","Photon mass attenuation and energy-absorption coefficients from 1 keV to 20 MeV"
"HUBBELL(1994)",1994,"1A","X-ray fluorescence yields (tables, review)","Journal","J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23,339-364(1994)","Hubbell,J.H.,Trehan,P.N.,Singh,N.,Chand,B.,Metha,D.,Garg,M.L.,Garg,R.R.,Singh,S.,Puri,S.","A review, bibliography, and tabulation of K, L, and higher atomic shell x-ray fluorescence yields"
"HUBBELL(1997)",1997,"1A","Photon scattering, incoherent","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 50,  113-124(1997)","Hubbell,J.H.","Summary of existing information on the incoherent-scattering of photons, particularly on the validity of the use of the incoherent-scattering function"
"HUBBELL(1999A)",1999,"1A","Photon interaction data (review)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44, R    1-R22(1999A)","Hubbell,J.H.","Review of photon interaction cross section data in the medical and biological context"
"HUBBELL(1999B)",1999,"1A","Photon cross sect compilations (review)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,215-223(1999B)","Hubbell,J.H.","Compilation of photon cross-sections: some historical remarks and current status"
"HUBBELL(2002)",2002,"0A","Encyclopedia article on radiation physics","Book","Encyclopedia of Physical Science & Technology,3rd Edition,Vol 3","Hubbell,J.H.","Radiation physics"
"HUBBELL(2004)",2004,"1A","Photon cross section data for electron-positron pair production","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,    1-9(2004)","Hubbell,J.H.,Seltzer,S.M.","Cross section data for electron-positron pair production by photons: a status report"
"HUBBELL(2006)",2006,"1A","Review,expt & theory of mass attenuation coeffs,thorough overview","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R245-R262(2006)","Hubbell,J.H.","Review and history of photon cross section calculations (review)"
"HUBERT(2001)",2001,"4C6","Proton precipitation in the excitation of auroral FUV emissions","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.106, A10,p 21475(2001)","Hubert, B.,Gérard,J.-C.,Bisikalo, D. V.,Shematovich, V. I.,Solomon, S. C.","The role of proton precipitation in the excitation of auroral FUV emissions"
"HUBERT(2004)",2004,"4C6","Transpolar aurora; proton and electron aurora imaged simultaneously","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.109, A  6,p.A06204(2004)","Hubert,B.,Gerard,J.C.,Fuselier,S.A.,Mende,S.B.,Burch,J.L.","Proton precipitation during transpolar auroral events:  Observations with the IMAGE-FUV imagers"
"HUCEK(1997)",1997,"4D1","Photoelectron escape prob,CuO","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  85,257-262(1997)","Hucek,S.,Zemek,J.,Jablonski,A.","Escape probability of O 1s photoelectrons leaving copper-oxide"
"HUCEK(1999)",1999,"4D1","XPS formalism test:Ni ang distrib","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 104,213-220(1999)","Hucek,S.","Angular distribution of photoelectrons from nickel: test of modified common XPS formalism"
"HUELS(2003)",2003,"4A6","<15 eV electrons induce SSBs,DSBs in DNA via molecular resonances","Journal","J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 135,4467-4477(2003)","Huels,M.A.,Boudaiffa,B.,Cloutier,P,Hunting,D.,Sanche,L.","Single, double and multiple double strand breaks induced in DNA by 3-100 eV electrons"
"HUFFMAN(1957)",1957,"2C","Moments,Spencer-Lewis eq,W(x) compared w data 57-126.5 keV","Journal","Phys. Rev. 106,3435-440(1957)","Huffman,F.N.,Cheka,J.S.,Sauders,B.G.,Ritchie,R.H.,Birkhoff,R.D.","Spatial distribution of energy absorbed from an electron beam penetrating aluminum"
"HUGHES(1982)",1982,"4B01","Invariant imbedding method for laminar shield","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 41,486-487(1982)","Hughes,H.G.,Faber,V.,White,A.B.,Jr.,Wing,G.M.","On the advantages of invariant imbedding for the calculation of deep-penetration problems [see MOREL(1982)]"
"HUGHES(1995)",1995,"2B","MCNP code, electron transport, status","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,333-334(1995)","Hughes,H.G.","Status of electron transport in MCNP"
"HUGHES(1996)",1996,"2B","Tutorial on electron transport physics in MCNP","Report","LA-UR-96-4583 (found on web)","Hughes, H.G.","Treating electron transport in MCNP (tutorial)"
"HUIZENGA(1989)",1989,"3C","Energy deposition calculation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,1371-1396(1989)","Huizenga,H.,Storchi,P.R.","Numerical calculation of energy deposition by broad high-energy electron beams"
"HUMM(1993)",1993,"4E4","Microdosimetry concepts for radionuclides,microdosimetric spectra","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,  535-541(1993)","Humm,J.L.,Roeske,J.C.,Fisher,D.R.,Chen,G.T.Y.","Microdosimetric concepts in radioimmunotherapy"
"HUNGER(1979)",1979,"3A","Backscatter coeff,4-40 keV","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A  56, K45-K48(1979)","Hunger,H.-J,Kuchler,L.","Measurements of the electron backscattering coefficient for quantitative EPMA in the energy range of 4 to 40 keV"
"HUNGER(1985)",1985,"4C3","EPMA, thin layer compostion, thickness","Journal","Crystal Res. & Techn. 20,1427-1433(1985)","Hunger,H.J.,Baumann,W.,Schulze,S.","A new method for determining the thickness and composition of thin layers by electron probe microanalysis"
"HUNGER(1988)",1988,"4C3","EPMA,thin film analysis, Gaussian","Journal","Scanning 10,  65-72(1988)","Hunger,H.J.","Thin film analysis by x-ray microanalysis using Gaussian phi(rho*z) curves"
"HUNT(1988)",1988,"3A","Electron backscatter from low Z materials measured, 6-20 MeV","Journal","Med. Phys. 15,   96-103 (1988)","M. A. Hunt,G. J. Kutcher, A. Buffa","Electron backscatter corrections for parallel-plate chambers"
"HUNTER(1990)",1990,"4D3","Sec electron emission,Monte Carlo calc,Al","Journal","J. Phys. D 23,1736-1743(1990)","Hunter,K.L.,Snook,I.K.,Swingler,D.L.,Wagenfeld,H.K.","Monte Carlo calculation of the contributions of backscattered electrons to secondary electron emission from aluminium"
"HUNTER(1994)",1994,"4D3","Backscattered electrons produce secs more efficiently than primaries","Journal","J. Phys. D 27,1769-1773(1994)","Hunter,K.L.,Snook,I.K.,Wagenfeld,H.K.","Enhanced secondary electron emission from multilayer surfaces: experiment and Monte Carlo simulation"
"HUNTER(1996)",1996,"3B","Electron transm,backscat,M.C. study","Journal","Phys. Rev. B54,  4507-4510(1996)","Hunter,K.L.,Snook,I.K.,Wagenfeld,H.K.","Monte-Carlo study of electron transmission and backscattering from metallic thin-films"
"HUQ(1991)",1991,"2F","3-D deterministic transport theory application","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,   26-35(1991)","M. Saiful Huq,Ravinder Nath","Comparison of IAEA 1987 and AAPM 1983 protocols for dosimetry calibration of radiotherapy beams"
"HUQ(1992)",1992,"4B02","X-ray backscattering","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 24,  171-175(1992)","Huq,M.S.,Venkataramanan,N.,Meli,J.A.","The effect on dose of kilovoltage x-rays backscattered from lead"
"HUQ(2004)",2004,"4B09","Long review of dosimetry protocols and codes of practice","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,  R  49-R104(2004)","Huq,M.S.,Andreo,P.","Advances in the determination of absorbed dose to water in clinical high-energy photon and electron beams using ionization chambers"
"HUTCHINSON(1997)",1997,"4A6","Formation of two lesions in DNA molecule by high E photon or electron","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 71, 485-486(1997)","Hutchinson,F.","Calculation by microdosimetric methods of the formation by a single high-energy photon or electron of two lesions in the same DNA molecule"
"HUTTUNEN(1989)",1989,"4C1","Positron transport model","Journal","Phys. Rev. B40,11923-11926(1989)","Huttunen,P.A.,Vehanen,A.,Nieminen,R.M.","Transport model for hot positrons in layered structures"
"HWU(1999)",1999,"4C5","Charging of resists by e-beam irradiation is closely related to EBIC","Journal","Scanning 21,264-272(1999)","Hwu,J.J.,Joy,D.C.","A study of electron beam-induced conductivity in resists"
"ICHIMURA(1980)",1980,"4D1","AES,Monte Carlo calc approach,contrib of backscattered electrons","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 51,2853-2860(1980)","Ichimura,S.,Aratama,S.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo calculation approach to quantitative Auger electron spectroscopy"
"ICHIMURA(1981)",1981,"4D1","Auger analysis,backscatter correction","Journal","Surf. Sci. 112, 386-408(1981)","Ichimura,S.,Shimizu,R.","Backscattering correction for quantitative Auger analysis. I. Monte Carlo calculations of backscattering factors for standard materials"
"ICHIMURA(1988)",1988,"4D1","AES,quantitative,Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 13,149-159(1988)","Ichimura,S.,Ding,Z.J.,Shimizu,R.","Simulation of electron solid interaction and its application to quantitative analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy"
"ICRU24(1976)",1979,"4A1","Determination of absorbed dose in a patient due to X or gamma rays","Report","ICRU Report 24, ICRU, Wahington,D.C.(1976)","International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement","Determination of absorbed dose in a patient irradiated by beams of X or gamma rays in radiotherapy procedures"
"ICRU31(1979)",1979,"4E3","W values,gases - solids, various particles","Report","ICRU Report 31, ICRU, Bethesda, MD (1979)","International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement","Average energy required to produce an ion pair"
"ICRU36(1983)",1983,"4E4","""Handbook"" on microdosimetry (review)","Report","ICRU Report 36, ICRU, Bethesda, MD (1983)","International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement","Microdosimetry (bibliography)"
"ICRU37(1984)",1984,"1C","Stopping power tables, electrons, positrons","Report","ICRU Report 37, ICRU, Bethesda, MD (1984)","International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement","Stopping powers for electrons and positrons"
"ICRU56(1997)",1997,"4B03","Beta-ray sources,dose distribs,measuremts","Report","ICRU Report 56, ICRU, Bethesda, MD (1997)","International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement","Dosimetry of external beta rays for radiation protection (review)"
"IDOETA(1992)",1992,"1B","Mott scattering (review)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  71,116-125(1992)","Idoeta,R.,Legarda,F.","Review and calculation of Mott scattering cross-section by unscreened point nuclei"
"IDOETA(1993)",1993,"1B","Electron scattering,elastic","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  83,  42-46(1993)","Idoeta,R.,Legarda,F.","Small-angle screening factors for elastic-scattering of electrons"
"IDOETA(1994)",1994,"1B","Electron scattering, elastic","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  88,203-206(1994)","Idoeta,R.,Legarda,F.","Calculation of electron polarization in the elastic electron and positron scattering by point nuclei"
"IDOETA(1998)",1998,"4B03","Beta-ray backscatter","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,    93-98(1998)","Idoeta,R.,Legarda,F.","Study of beta-ray backscattering saturation thickness with two different approximations to the linear transport theory"
"IDOETA(2000)",2000,"2B03","Linear transp eq solved P1 approx,beta-ray penetration,gold foils","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B160,250-256(2000)","Idoeta,R.","Penetration of beta rays through gold absorbers"
"IIDA(1985)",1985,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence analysis","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A228,556-563(1985)","Iida,A.,Sakurai,K.,Matsushita,T.,Gohshi,Y.","Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis with synchrotron radiation"
"IIDA(1997)",1997,"4C4","Synchrotron x-ray microbeams,nearsurface x-ray fluorescence analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,359-363(1997)","Iida,A.","X-ray spectrometric applications of a synchrotron x-ray microbeam"
"ILTGEN(1999)",1999,"4C4","TXRF application,determine implant dose,surface roughness","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 54B,1393-1398(1999)","Iltgen,K.,Zschech,E.,Ghatak-Roy,A.,Hossain,T.","Future in-fab applications of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the semiconductor industry"
"INAGAKI(1987)",1987,"4B10","Detectors,silicon","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  27,353-359(1987)","Inagaki,Y.,Shima,K.,Maezawa,H.","Response functions of a Si(Li) detector for 1.3-4.0 keV monochromatic photons"
"INANIWA(2006)",2006,"4E7","Heavy ion range,dose distributions for localized radiation therapy,RBE","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,4129-4146(2006)","Inaniwa,T.,Kohno,T.,Tomitani,T.,Erakahe,E.,Sato,S.,Kanasawa,M.,Kanai,T.","Experimental determination of particle range and dose distribution in thick targets through fragmentation reactions of stable heavy ions"
"INOKUTI(1971)",1971,"1B","Inelastic scattering of charged particles","Journal","Rev. Mod. Phys. 43,297-347(1971)","Inokuti,M.","Inelastic collisions of fast charged particles with atoms and molecules-the Bethe theory revisited"
"INOKUTI(1987)",1987,"4E2","Electron degradation,theory","Journal","Int J Quantum Chem S21,251-266(1987)","Inokuti,M.,Dillon,M.A.,Kimura,M.","Theory of electron degradation and yields of initial molecular-species produced by ionizing radiation"
"INOKUTI(1990)",1990,"4E2","Electron slowing down,Spenc-Fano eqn","Journal","Phys. Rev. A41,5464-5467(1990)","Inokuti,M.,Kowari,K.","Alternative forms of the Spencer-Fano equation"
"INOKUTI(1991)",1991,"4B06","Subexcitation electrons,important for radiation chemistry,biology","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 979-983(1991)","Inokuti,M.","Subexcitation electrons: an appraisal of our understanding"
"INOKUTI(1996)",1996,"1C","Stopping power,connections with particle transport","Journal","Int J Quantum Chem   57,173-181(1996)","Inokuti,M.","Remarks on stopping power: its connections with particle transport and with the electronic structure of matter"
"INOKUTI(2002)",2002,"0A","Radiation Research Society 1952-2002,review article,physics articles","Journal","Radiat. Res. 158,    3-12(2002)","Inokuti,M.,Seltzer,S.M.","Physics as an element of radiation research"
"INOUE(2002)",2002,"4A5C","Surveys tumor uptake mechanisms of non-FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 16, 1–9 (2002)","Tomio Inoue, Noboru Oruichi, Katsumi Tomiyoshi,Keigo Endo","A shifting landscape: What will be next FDG in PET oncology? (review)"
"IRWIN(1996)",1996,"4C3","New type of x-ray detector","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 69,1945-1947(1996)","Irwin,K.D.,Hilton,G.C.,Wollman,D.A.,Martinis,J.M.","X-ray detection using a superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback"
"ISAACSON(1993)",1993,"4D1","EPMA,reviews 3 complementary equations for quantitation","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   49,171-178(1993)","Isaacson,M.","Simple considerations on microanalysis using electron beams (review)"
"ISABEY(1997)",1997,"2H","Dosimeters (TLD)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B132,114-118(1997)","Isabey,R.,Guelev,M.,Buchakliev,Z.,Duverger,E.,Makovicka,L.,Klein,D.,Chambaudet,A.","The use of the EGS4-PRESTA code for the thermoluminescent dosemeter response simulation"
"ISAILA(2006)",2006,"4C3","EPMA,1st quant measurements with POLARIS spectrometer presented","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A559.734-736(2006)","C. Isaila,F.v. Feilitzsch,J. Höhne,C. Hollerith,K. Phelan,B. Simmnacher,R. Weiland,D. Wernicke","X-ray microanalysis with microcalorimeters"
"ISHIDA(1992)",1992,"4E3","W values,Fano factors,He,alpha particles","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,31,1465-1469(1992)","Ishida,N.,Kikuchi,J.,Doke,T.","The W values and Fano factors in helium and argon-doped helium"
"ISHII(2004)",2004,"4D1","Calculation of multiplet energies in KLL Auger,3d transition metals","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140,  451-455(2004)","Ishii,T.,Kover,L.,Berenyi,Z.,Cserny,I.,Ikeno,H.,Adachi,H.,Drube,W.","First-principles calculation of the KLL Auger transition energy in 3d transition metals"
"ISHII(2005)",2005,"4E6","Continuous background for PIXE has 3 bremsstrahlung components","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,363-365(2005)","Ishii,K.,Yamazaki,H.,Matsuyama,S.,Galster,W.,Satoh,T.,Budnar,M.","Contribution of atomic bremsstrahlung in PIXE spectra and screening effect in atomic bremsstrahlung"
"ISLAM(1995)",1995,"4A1A","Photon transmission","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,2075-2081(1995)","Islam,M.K.,Van Dyk,J.","Effects of scatter generated by beam-modifying absorbers in megavoltage photon beams"
"ITO(1992A)",1992,"3A","Electron, photon reflection ratios","Journal","Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect. 41, 69-76(1992)","Ito,R.,Andreo,P.,Tabata,T.","Reflection ratios of electrons and photons from solids"
"ITO(1993B)",1993,"3A","ITS calc of electron & photon backscatter,0.1-100 MeV","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 42,  761-764(1993)","Ito,R.,Andreo,P.,Tabata,T.","Reflection of electrons and photons from solids bombarded by 0.1-MeV to 100-MeV electrons"
"ITOGA(2001)",2001,"4C7","Secondary electrons from substrate at harder x-ray energies","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B19,2439-2443(2001)","Itoga,K.,Marumoto,K.,Kitayama,T.,Sumitani,H.,Amemiya,M.,Watanabe,Y.","Effect of secondary electron from the substrate in x-ray lithography using harder radiation spectra"
"IVANENKO(2003)",2003,"4C4","EDXRF,improved accuracy,interelement effect correction method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,  52-56(2003)","Ivanenko,V.V.,Kustov,V.N.,Metelev,A.Yu.","Patterns of inter-elemental effects in EDXRF and a new correction method"
"IVCHENKO(2004)",2004,"4C6","Observations of O+ lines in aurora over Svalbard,Norway","Journal","Annales Geophysicae 22,2805-2817(2004)","Ivchenko,N.,Rees,M.H.,Lanchester,B.S.,Lummerzheim,D.,Galand,M.,Throp,K.,Furniss,I.","Observation of O+ (P-4-D-4(0)) lines in electron aurora over Svalbard"
"IVIN(2001)",2001,"4C7","Algorithms for MC and e-beam lithography simulation,proximity funct","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 57/58,355-360(2001)","Fortagne,O.","Efficient and robust algorithms for Monte Carlo and e-beam lithography simulation"
"IVIN(2002)",1998,"4C7","E-beam lithography,Monte Carlo,inclusion of sec electrons","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 61/62,343-349(2002)","Ivin,V.V>,Silkov,M.V.,Kozlov,D.S.,Nordquist,K.J.,Lu,B.,Resnick,D.J.","The inclusion of secondary electrons and bremsstrahlung x-rays in an electron beam  model"
"IVIN(2003)",2003,"4C7","MC approaches investigated re: accuracy,performance,cross sections","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 69,594-605(2003)","Ivin,V.V.,Silkov,M.V.,Babushkin,G.A.,Lu,B.,Mangat,P.J.,Nordquist,K.J.,Resnick,D.J.","Modeling and simulation issues in Monte Carlo calculation of electron interaction with solid targets"
"IWASAKI(1994)",1994,"4B04","Co60 gamma ray photon beam dose characterization","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 39,1081-1088(1994)","Iwasaki,I","Characteristics of 60Co gamma-ray SPR (scatter-primary ratio), SF(scatter factor), beta (dose-kerma ratio) and dmax (depth of maximum dose"
"IYASU(2004)",2004,"4B08","MC simul,sec elect emiss by x-ray irrad, XANES spectroscopy","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,1413-1416(2004)","Iyasu,T.,Tamura,K.,Shimizu,R.,Zhang,Z.,Koshikawa,T.,Yoshikawa,H.,Fukushima,S.","Monte-Carlo simulation of secondary electron emission by x-ray irradiation  - an application of x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)"
"JABLONSKI(1984)",1984,"4D1","Inelastic mfps,in semiconductors,metals","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal.   6,291-294(1984)","Jablonski,A.,Mrozek,P.,Gergely,G.,Menyhard,M.,Sulyok,A.","The inelastic mean free path of electrons in some semiconductor compounds and metals"
"JABLONSKI(1985)",1985,"3A","Elastic backscattering from surfaces","Journal","Surf. Sci. 151, 166-182(1985)","Jablonski,A.","Elastic backscattering of electrons from surfaces"
"JABLONSKI(1987)",1987,"4D1","AES,quantitative,elastic scattering effects","Journal","Surf. Sci. 188, 164-180(1987)","Jablonski,A.","Effects of Auger electron elastic scattering in quantitative AES"
"JABLONSKI(1989)",1989,"4D1","XPS,neglect of elastic collisions may result in considerable errors","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 14,659-685(1989)","Jablonski,A.","Elastic scattering and quantification in AES and XPS"
"JABLONSKI(1989A)",1989,"4E8C","Elastic electron backscattering,MC study,theory","Journal","Phys. Rev. B39,   61-71(1989)","Jablonski,A.,Gryko,J.,Kraser,J.,Tougaard,S.","Elastic electron backscattering from surfaces"
"JABLONSKI(1989B)",1989,"1B","Elastic scattering,Moff scattering factors","Journal","Scanning 11,  29-42(1989)","Jablonski,A.,Gergely,G.","Mott factors of P, V, Fe, Ga, As, Pd ,In, Ta, and W for 500-3000 eV"
"JABLONSKI(1990)",1990,"4D1","XPS,inverse mean free path,escape depth,attenuation length","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 8,  106-116(1990)","Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","Comparison of the attenuation lengths and the inelastic mean free path for photoelectrons in silver"
"JABLONSKI(1991)",1991,"1B","Backscattering,elastic,Au","Journal","Phys. Rev. B43,  7546-7554(1991)","Jablonski,A.","Elastic electron backscattering from gold"
"JABLONSKI(1992)",1992,"4E8C","Backscattering,elastic,from surfaces with overlayers","Journal","Phys. Rev. B45,  3694-3703(1992)","Jablonski,A.,Hansen,H.S.,Jannsson,C.,Tougaard,S.","Elastic electron backscattering from surfaces with overlayers"
"JABLONSKI(1993A)",1993,"3A","Backscattering,elastic","Journal","Phys. Rev. B47,  7420-7430(1993)","Jablonski,A.,Jansson,C.,Tougaard,S.","Elastic electron backscattering from surfaces: prediction of maximum intensity"
"JABLONSKI(1993B)",1993,"4D1","XPS,ang distribution,Monte Carlo & expts","Journal","Phys. Rev. B48,  4799-4805(1993)","Jablonski,A.,Zemek,J.","Angular-distribution of photoemission from amorphous and crystalline solids"
"JABLONSKI(1993C)",1993,"4D1","AES,XPS,quantitative surface analysis formalism,parameters","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  771-786(1993)","Jablonski,A.,Powell,C.J.","Formalism and parameters for quantitative surface analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"JABLONSKI(1994A)",1993,"4D1","XPS,angular distribs,elastic scatt effects","Journal","Phys. Rev. B50,  4739-4748(1994)","Jablonski,A.,Powell,C.J.","Elastic-electron-scattering effects on angular distributions in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"JABLONSKI(1994B)",1994,"4D1","AES,XPS,transport model (review)","Journal","Prog. Surf. Sci. 46,231-240(1994)","Jablonski,A.","Electron-transport in solids: impact on applications of electron spectroscopies"
"JABLONSKI(1994C)",1994,"4D1","XPS,quantitative,multiline approach","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 21,  724-730(1994)","Jablonski,A.,Lesiak,B.,Zommer,L.,Ebel,M.F.,Ebel,H.,Fukuda,Y.,Suzuki,Y.,Tougaard,S.","Quantitative analysis by XPS using the multiline approach"
"JABLONSKI(1994D)",1994,"4D1","AES,XPS,escape depth,inverse mfp","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 21,  758-763(1994)","Jablonski,A.","Escape depth of photoelectrons"
"JABLONSKI(1995A)",1995,"4D1","XPS,elastic scattering effects,univ descript","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  74,207-229(1995)","Jablonski,A.,Tilinin,I.S.","Towards a universal description of elastic scattering effects in photoelectron spectroscopy"
"JABLONSKI(1995B)",1995,"4D1","XPS,elastic scatt effects,correction for","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,    29-37(1995)","Jablonski,A.","Database of correction parameters for the elastic scattering effects in XPS"
"JABLONSKI(1996)",1996,"4D1","Photoelectron esc depth,transport thry","Journal","Phys. Rev. B54,10927-10937(1996)","Jablonski,A.,Tilinin,I.S.,Powell,C.J.","Mean escape depth of signal photoelectrons from amorphous and polycrystalline solids"
"JABLONSKI(1996A)",1996,"3A","Electron backscattering,elastic(XPS)","Journal","Surf. Sci. 347,207-214(1996)","Jablonski,A.,Zemek,J.","Maximum probability of elastic electron backscattering from surfaces of amorphous and polycrystalline solids"
"JABLONSKI(1996B)",1996,"4D1","AES,XPS,elastic scattering effects","Journal","Surf. Sci. 364,380-395(1996)","Jablonski,A.","Universal quantification of elastic scattering effects in AES and XPS"
"JABLONSKI(1997A)",1997,"4D1","Auger electron excitation depth distribution function,MC simulation","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  688-698(1997)","Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","The excitation depth distribution function for Auger electrons created by electron impact"
"JABLONSKI(1997B)",1997,"4D1","XPS,tests of elastic scattering effects","Journal","Surf. Sci. 387,288-299(1997)","Jablonski,A.,Zemek,J.","Experimental and theoretical tests of elastic scattering effects in XPS"
"JABLONSKI(1998A)",1998,"4D1","XPS,AES,electron transport cross sects","Journal","Phys. Rev. B58,16470-16480(1998)","Jablonski,A.","Transport cross section for electrons at energies of surface-sensitive spectroscopies"
"JABLONSKI(1998B)",1998,"4D1","AES,XPS,elastic scattering effects","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,    17-29(1998)","Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","Practical correction formula for elastic electron scattering effects in attenuation of Auger electrons and photoelectrons"
"JABLONSKI(1998C)",1998,"4E8C","Elast peak electr spectr,inel mfp","Journal","Surf. Sci. 412-413, 42-54(1998)","Jablonski,A.,Jiricek,P.","Dependence of experimentally determined inelastic mean free paths of electrons on the measurement geometry"
"JABLONSKI(1998D)",1998,"4D1","Auger electron spectros,XPS","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  374-384(1998)","Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","Evaluation of validity of the depth-dependent correction formula (CF) for elastic electron scattering effects in AES and XPS"
"JABLONSKI(1999A)",1999,"4D1","Inelast mfp,atten length,escape depth","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 100,137-160(1999)","Jablonski,A.,Powell,C.J.","Relationships between electron inelastic mean free paths, effective attenuation lengths, and mean escape depths"
"JABLONSKI(1999B)",1999,"4D1","AES,XPS,elastic scattering effects","Journal","Surf. Sci. 432,211-227(1999)","Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","Escape probability of electrons from solids. Influence of elastic electron scattering"
"JABLONSKI(2000)",2000,"4D1","XPS/AES - tutorial review","Book","EMAS 2000 -  4th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Czech Republic, pp   59-67","Jablonski,A.","Current status of surface analysis by electron spectroscopies: AES and XPS (tutorial)"
"JABLONSKI(2000A)",2000,"4E8C","Elastic backscat prob-IMFP relation;OKG theoretical model modified","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 29,  582-595(2000)","Jablonski,A.","Determination of the IMFP from electron elastic backscattering probability"
"JABLONSKI(2000B)",2000,"4D1","AES,XPS,elastic scattering parameters,interaction potential effs","Journal","Surf. Sci. 463,  29-54(2000)","Jablonski,A.,Powell,C.J.","Effects of interaction potential on elastic-electron-scattering parameters in surface-sensitive electron spectroscopies"
"JABLONSKI(2001)",2001,"4E8C","Elast backscat prob for Au on Ni measured w 200-1000 eV electrons","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  825-834(2001)","Jablonski,A.,Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.","Elastic electron backscattering from overlayer/substrate systems"
"JABLONSKI(2002A)",2002,"4D1","XPS,practical attenuation lengths,analytical vs MC values","Journal","Surf. Sci. 520,  78-96(2002)","Jablonski,A.,Powell,C.J.","Comparisons of practical attenuation lengths obtained from different algorithms for applications in XPS (missing 2 pages)"
"JABLONSKI(2002B)",2002,"4D1","AES,XPS,electron atten length,differs from inelast mfp (review)","Journal","Surf. Sci. Reports 47,33-92(2002)","Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","The electron attenuation length revisited"
"JABLONSKI(2003)",2003,"4D1","AES/XPS,information & mean escape depths,transprt theory","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A21,  274-283(2003)","Jablonski,A.,Powell,C.J.","Information depth and the mean escape depth in Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"JABLONSKI(2004A)",2004,"1B","DCS,elastic electron scattering by atoms,NIST database,50 eV-20keV","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140,  299-303(2004)","Jablonski,A.,Salvat,F.,Powell,C.J.","Differential cross sections for elastic scattering of electrons by atoms and solids"
"JABLONSKI(2004B)",2004,"4E8C","Effect of different electr elastic-scatt cross-sects on inelastic mfps","Journal","Microchim. Acta 145,  75-80(2004)","A. Jablonski,A.,Salvat,F.,Powell,C.J.","Effect of different electron elastic-scattering cross-sections on inelastic mean free paths obtained from elastic-backscattering experiments"
"JABLONSKI(2005)",2005,"4D1","Effects of backscattered electrons in scanning Auger microscopy","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 242,220-235(2005)","Jablonski<a>,Powell,C.J.","Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport in solids: applications to electron backscattering from surfaces"
"JABLONSKI(2005A)",2005,"4D1","AES quantification,backscatter factor,MC model down to 50 eV","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  861-874(2005)","Jablonski,A.,Powell,C.J.,Tanuma,S.","Monte Carlo strategies for simulations of electron backscattering from surfaces"
"JABLONSKI(2005B)",2005,"4E8C","Complex model to find IMFPs from electron backscatter probabilities","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1035-1044(2005)","Jablonski,A.","Determination of the electron inelastic mean free path in solids from the elastic electron backscattering intensity"
"JABLONSKI(2005C)",2005,"1B","Elastic scattering cross sects for electrons,positrons,ELSEPA code","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1115-1123(2005)","Jablonski,A.,Salvat,F.,Powell,C.J.","Evaluation of elastic-scattering cross sections for electrons and positrons over a wide energy range"
"JABLONSKI(2006)",2006,"1C","Stopping power between 200 eV - 30 keV - new analytic expression","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,    76-83(2006)","Jablonski,A.,Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.","New universal expression for the electron stopping power for energies between 200 eV and 30 keV"
"JABLONSKI(2007)",2007,"4D1","AES,universal Monte Carlo algorithm,calculate backscattering factors","Journal","Surf. Sci. 601,965-977(2007)","Jablonski,A.,Powell,C.J.","A universal algorithm for calculating the backscattering factor in Auger-electron spectroscopy"
"JACH(1979)",1979,"4E8C","Elastic-electron-reflection yields,core excitations observed","Journal","Phys. Rev. B19,2831-2836(1979)","Jach,T.,DiStefano,T.H.","Fine structure in elastic-electron-yield spectra at transition-metal core energies"
"JACKSON(1997A)",1997,"4D1","DDF for Auger electrons,multilayers,statistical-wts MC program used","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  341-351(1997)","Jackson,A.R.,Elgomati,M.M.,Matthew,J.A.D.,Cumpson,P.J.","Monte Carlo calculations of the depth distribution function in multilayered structures"
"JACZCZAK(2006)",2006,"4A5A","Historical review of SPECT","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R099-R115(2006)","Jaczczak,R.J.","The early years of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) an anthology of selected reminiscences (review)"
"JAFFER(2005)",2003,"4A5A","MI integrates disease & patient specific molec info w anatomic images","Journal"," JAMA.293, 855-862 (2005)"," Farouc A. Jaffer,Ralph Weisleder","Molecular imaging in the clinical arena (review)"
"JAGER(2001)",2001,"4A6","Overview of amino acid metabolism, radiolabeled amino acids,clin.apps","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 42,   432-445 (2001)","Pieter L. Jager, Willem Vaalburg, Jan Pruim, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries, Karl-Josef Langen, D. Albertus Piers","Radiolabeled amino acids: Basic aspects and clinical applications in oncology (review)"
"JAGER-WALDAU(1994)",1994,"4C5","EBIC,semiconductor defects analysis","Journal","J. Electronic Materials 23,363-367(1994)","Jager-Waldau,Habermeier,H.U.,Zwicker,G.,Bucher,E.","Electron beam induced current investigations of active electrical defects in silicon due to reactive ion etching and reactive ion beam etching processes"
"JAHAGIRDAR(1993)",1993,"1A","Photon atten coeff,145.4 keV measments","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44,1248-1252(1993)","Jahagirdar,H.A.,Hanumaiah,B.,Thontadarya,S.R.","Measurement of narrow beam attenuation coefficients using a broad beam geometry configuration for 145.4 keV photons"
"JAKOB(2003)",2003,"4E5","DNA damage,bismuth & carbon ions,track structure","Journal","Radiat. Res. 159,676-684(2003)","Jakob,B.,Scholz,M.,Taucher-Scholz,G.","Biological imaging of heavy charged-particle tracks"
"JAKUBOWICZ(1982)",1982,"4C5","Analysis of EBIC as fn of angle of incidence, 2 simple theor. models","Journal","Solid-St. Electron. 25,631-633(1982)","Jakubowicz,A.","Electron beam induced current (EBIC) as a function of the angle of incidence of the electron beam in a scanning electron microscope (SEM)"
"JAMES(1999)",1999,"4E8A","Practical examples of probe formation,Z-contrast imaging,EELS","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   78,125-139(1999)","Jams,E.M.,Browning,N.D.","Practical aspects of atomic resolution imaging and analysis in STEM"
"JAMIESON(1995)",1995,"4E7","Review: developments in nuclear microprobe technology, applications","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B104,533-541(1995)","Jamieson,D.N.","Applications of focused MeV ions to materials modification and analysis"
"JAMIESON(1997)",1997,"4E7","Review,recent nuclear micropr appls,PIXE,IBIC,ionoluminescence","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B130,706-716(1997)","Jamieson,D.N.","Recent applications of nuclear microprobe analysis to frontier materials"
"JAMIESON(1998)",1998,"4E7","New area:imaging, focused MeV ions into nanometer resolution,etc.","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B136-138,     1-13(1998)","Jamieson,D.N.","Structural and electrical characterization of semiconductor materials using a nuclear microprobe"
"JAMIESON(1999)",1999,"4E7","Analysis of detector materials and devices by IBIC,other applics","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B158,628-637(1999)","Jamieson,D.N.,Beckman,D.R.,Bettiol,A.A.,Laird,J.S.,Lee,K.K.,Prawer,S.,Saint,A.,Witham,L.C.G.,Yang,C.","New problems in nuclear microprobe analysis of materials"
"JAN(2004)",2004,"4B09","GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) ""toolkit""","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,4543-4561(2004)","Jan,S.,Santin,G.,Strul, D.,Staelens,S.,Assie,K.,Autret,D.,Avner,S.,Barbier.R.,Bardies.M.,Bloomfield,P.M. and 43 others!","GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT"
"JANNI(1979)",1979,"2C","Electron multigroup transfer cross sects;condensed collisions method","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 33,714-717(1979)","Janni,J.,Whan,G.","(1) A multigroup electron transfer cross section method; (2) Electron transport by the method of condensed collisions"
"JANSSEN(1994)",1994,"3C","Energy deposition calculation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 39,1351-1366(1994)","Janssen,J.J.,Riedeman,D.E.J.,Morawska-Kaczynska,M.,Storchi,P.R.M.,Huizenga,H.","Numerical-calculation of energy deposition by high-energy electron-beams: III. 3-dimensional heterogeneous media"
"JANSSENS(1989)",1989,"4C4","XRF,new trends","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom.   4, 123-135(1989)","Janssens,K.H.,Adams,F.C.","New trends in elemental analysis using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"JANSSENS(1993A)",1993,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis (synchrotron)","Journal","Analyt. Chim. Acta 283, 98-114(1993)","Janssens,K.,Vincze,L.,Adams,F.,Jones,K.W.","Synchrotron-radiation-induced x-ray microanalysis"
"JANSSENS(1993B)",1993,"4C4","XRF,Monte Carlo simulation of EDXRF spectrometers","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,234-243(1993)","Janssens,K.,Vincze,L.,Van Espen,P.,Adams,F.","Monte Carlo simulation of conventional and synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers"
"JANSSENS(1994)",1994,"4C4","Synchr x-ray microanalysis (review)","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom.   9, 151-157(1994)","Janssens,K.,Vincze,L.,Rubio,J.,Adams,F.,Bernasconi,G.","Microscopic x-ray fluorescence analysis (invited lecture)"
"JANSSENS(1996)",1996,"4C3","Synchr x-ray microanalysis (review)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13, 87-115(1996)","Janssens,K.,Vincze,L.,Vekemans,B.,Aerts,A.,Adams,F.,Jones,K.W.,Knochel,A.","Synchrotron radiation-induced x-ray microfluorescence analysis"
"JANSSON(1995)",1995,"4D1","XPS,background correction algorithms","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  484-494(1995)","Jansson,C.,Tougaard,S.,Beamson,G.,Briggs,D.,Davies,S.F.,Rossi,A.,Hauert,R.,Hobi,G.,Brown,N.D.,Meenan,B.J.,and 4 others","Intercomparison of algorithms for background correction in XPS"
"JARGELIUS(1998)",1998,"4C5","EBIC measurements,M.C.analysis of SiC mesa diodes","Journal","Microelectron. Reliab. 38,373-379(1998)","Jargelius,M.,Gustafsson,U.,Bakowski,M.","EBIC analysis of SiC mesa diodes"
"JASPERSE(1982)",1982,"4C6","transport theor solns for auroral proton, H atom fluxes","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.  87,  811-822(1982)","Jasperse,J.R.,Basu,B.","Transport theoretic solutions for auroral proton and H atom fluxes and related quantities"
"JASPERSE(1993)",1993,"4C6","electron-proton-hydrogen aurora; transport theor model","Conference","1993 Ionospheric Effects Symposium,Virginia,4-6 May 1993","Jasperse,J.R.,Basu,B.,Strickland,D.J.,Daniell,R.E.,Decker,D.T.","Combined electron-proton-hydrogen atom aurora: predictions of a transport-theoretical model"
"JASPERSE(1997)",1997,"4C6","proton-hydrogen auroras","Journal","Geophys. Res. Let. 24,1415-1418(1997)","Jasperse,J.R.","Transport theoretic solutions for the beam-spreading effect in the proton-hydrogen aurora"
"JBARA(1997)",1997,"4C3","Insulator charging (EPMA)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,291-302(1997)","Jbara,O.,Portron,B.,Mouze,D.,Cazaux,J.","Electron probe microanalysis of insulating oxides: Monte Carlo simulations"
"JELEN(2005)",2005,"4A3B","Finite size pencil beam proposed for beamlet-based IMRT","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,1747-1766(2005)","Jelen,U.,Sohn,M.,Alber,M.","A finite size pencil beam for IMRT dose optimization"
"JENKIN(1977)",1977,"4D1","XPS,historical review,many changes over a long period","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  12.   1-35(1977)","Jenkin,J.G.,Leckey,R.C.G.,Liesegant,J.","The development of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: 1900-1960 (review)"
"JENSEN(1990A)",1990,"4C1","Monte Carlo model for positron slowing down","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218,   19-28(1990)","Jensen,K.O.,Walker,A.B.,Bourissa,N.","Monte-Carlo simulation of positron slowing down in aluminium"
"JENSEN(1990B)",1990,"4C1","Positron thermalization,trapping in Al","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218,   44-49(1990)","Jensen,K.O.,Walker,A.B.","Positron thermalisation and nonthermal trapping in aluminum"
"JENSEN(1990C)",1990,"4C1","Detailed study of positron thermalization & trapping in Al","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   2,9757-9775(1990)","Jensen,K.O.,Walker,A.B.","Positron thermalization and nonthermal trapping in aluminum"
"JENSEN(1993)",1993,"4C1","Positron transport, M.C. simul","Journal","Surf. Sci. 292,    83-97(1993)","Jensen,K.O.,Walker,A.B.","Monte Carlo simulation of the transport of fast electrons and positrons in solids"
"JERAJ(1999A)",1999,"2H","Clinical e-beams,MCNP,EGS4,expt","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,  705-717(1999)","Jeraj,R.,Keall,P.,Ostwald,P.M.","Comparisons between MCNP, EGS4 and experiment for clinical electron beams"
"JERAJ(1999B)",1999,"4A3A","Treatment planning,inverse,M.C.-based","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,1885-1896(1999)","Jeraj,R.,Keall,P.","Monte Carlo-based inverse treatment planning"
"JERAJ(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Monte Carlo, superposition and pencil beam dose calcs compared","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,  391-407(2002)","Jeraj,R.,Keall,P.J.,Siebers,J.V.","The effect of dose calculation accuracy on inverse treatment planning"
"JESSEE(1998)",1998,"2C","Discrete ordinates solution","Journal","J. Comp. Phys.139,380-390(1998)","Jessee,J.P.,Fiveland,W.A.,Howell,L.H.,Colella,P.,Pember,R.B.","An adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for the radiative transport equation"
"JESSEN(1985)",1985,"4E4","Energy deposition very near interfaces","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  13,361-364(1985)","Jessen,K.A.,Sorensen,E.W.","Microdosimetric measurements of interface effects with a wall-less proportional counter"
"JETTE(1983)",1983,"4A2","Dosimetry,mult scatt theory application to","Journal","Med. Phys. 10, 141-146(1983)","Jette,D.","The application of multiple scattering theory to therapeutic electron dosimetry"
"JETTE(1985)",1985,"4A2","Multiple scattering","Journal","Med. Phys. 12, 178-182(1985)","Jette,D.","2nd-order multiple scattering theory for charged particle teletherapy beams"
"JETTE(1988)",1988,"4A2","Generalized Fermi-Eyges theory","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 123-137(1988)","Jette,D.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory.  A. Gaussian multiple-scattering theory"
"JETTE(1989A)",1989,"4A2","Multiple scatt theory,2nd order","Journal","Med. Phys. 16, 698-711(1989)","Jette,D.,Bielajew,A.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory: second-order multiple-scattering theory"
"JETTE(1989B)",1989,"4A2","Fermi-Eyges dose calc,inhomogeneities","Journal","Med. Phys. 16, 712-725(1989)","Jette,D.,Lanzl,L.H.,Pagnamenta,A.,Rozenfeld,M.,Bernard,D.,Kao,M.,Sabbas,A.M.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory: Thin planar inhomogeneities"
"JETTE(1991)",1991,"4A2","Multiple scatt,localized inhomogen.","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 123-133(1991)","Jette,D.,Walker,S.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory: Localized inhomogeneities - a new theory"
"JETTE(1992)",1992,"4A2","Multiple scatt,dose,inhomogeneities","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,1241-1254(1992)","Jette,D.,Walker,S.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory: evaluation of a new model for inhomogeneities"
"JETTE(1995A)",1995,"4A2","Medical e-beam dose calcs (review)","Book","""Medical Radiology"",A.R.Smith,ed,pp 95-121(1995)","Jette,D.","Electron beam dose calculations"
"JETTE(1995B)",1995,"4A2","Dose calcs, multiple-scattering theory","Conference","1st Intl Electron Transport Workshop, Seattle,Jun 95","Jette,D.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory: a new theory of multiple scatter (visuals)"
"JETTE(1996)",1996,"4A2","Multiple scatt theory, from BFP eqn","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  459-477(1996)","Jette,D.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory: a new theory of multiple-scattering"
"JETTE(1997)",1997,"4A2","Multiple scatt theory,energy distrib.","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  383-400(1997)","Jette,D.,Walker,S.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory: Energy distribution due to multiple scattering"
"JHANWAR(2005)",2006,"4A5C","Lymphoma,potential role of 18F-FDG PET,CT stiill the ""gold"" standard","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 47,1326-1334(2006)","Yuliya S. Jhanwar,David J. Straus","The role of PET in lymphoma"
"JIANG(1997A)",1997,"4A1","Numerical algorithm to calc mean energy of therapy electron beams","Journal","Comput. Biol. Med. 27,487-491(1997)","Jiang,S.B.,Luo,Z.M.,Pawlicki,T.,Ayyangar,K.M.","A fast numerical algorithm for electron mean energy calculation in radiation therapy"
"JIANG(1998)",1998,"4A2","Fermi-Eyges equation,incorporation of energy-loss straggling","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  477-482(1998)","Jiang,S.B.,Luo,Z.M.,Ayyangar,K.M.","Incorporation of the electron energy-loss straggling into the Fermi-Eyges equation"
"JIANG(2002)",2002,"4E9","New coaxial detection sysemt for backscattered electrons in SEM","Journal","Micron 33,  69-74(2002)","Jiang,C.Z.,Morin,P.,Rosenberg,N.","A new type of scanning electron microscope using the coaxial backscattered electrons"
"JIANG(2004)",2004,"2H","GEANT4,improved efficiency for radiation therapy applications","Journal","Med. Phys. 31,2811-2818(2004)","Jiang,H.,Paganetti,H.","Adaptation of GEANT4 to Monte Carlo dose calculations based on CT data"
"JINDONG(1999)",1999,"4C4","x-ray polycapillary lens,manufacture,design,application to MXRF","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  391-394(1999)","Jindong,Z.,Yejun,H.,Xunliang,D.,Quiuli,P.,Yiming,Y.","The monolithic x-ray polycapillary lens and its application in microbeam x-ray fluorescence"
"JIRICEK(2002)",2002,"4E8C","EPES,inelastic mfps in Ni,Si. Scatter in parameters studies","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A20,  447-455(2002)","Jiricek,P.,Zemek,J.,Lejcek,P.,Lesiak,B.,Jablonski,A.,Cernansky,M.","Stability of the inelastic mean free paths determined by elastic peak electron spectroscopy in nickel and silicon"
"JISL(1990)",1990,"4D1","XPS,angle-resolved,depth profile","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 15,719-726(1990)","Jisl,R.","Restoration of the depth-concentration profile from the angle-resolved relative intensities of x-ray photoelectron spectra"
"JO(1999)",1999,"4D1","Loss function of Ag calculated based on XPS spectrum","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 144-145,  49-53(1999)","Jo,M.","Relation between the shape of measured loss function and the resolution of the XPS spectrum"
"JO(2003)",2003,"4D1","Technique for separating XPS peaks and inelastic background","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  729-737(2003)","Jo,M.","XPS inelastic background optimization: algorithm and results"
"JOHANSSON(2006)",2006,"4E6","Proton RBE,comparative treatment  planning","Thesis","Uppsala Dissertation,2006,64 pages","Johansson,J.","Comparative treatment planning in radiotherapy and clinical impact of proton relative biological effectiveness"
"JOHNSON(1988)",1988,"3B","Transmission,plural scat model","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   26,271-294(1988)","Johnson,H.F.,Isaacson,M.S.","An efficient analytical method for calculating the angular and energy-distribution of electrons which have undergone plural scattering in amorphous materials"
"JOHNSON(1989)",1989,"4C7","Nanostructures,energy loss in,M.C. prog","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 7,1513-1518(1989)","Johnson,S.,MacDonald,N.C.","A program for Monte Carlo simulation of electron energy loss in nanostructures"
"JONEJA(2003)",2003,"4E4","Test of MCNP4C to model e/p transport over micron distances","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 26,  63-69(2003)","Joneja,O.P.,Negreanu,C.,Stepanek,J.,Chawl,R.","Comparison of Monte Carlo simulations of photon/electron dosimetry in microscale applications"
"JONES(1989)",1989,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis (synchrotron)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 61,  341A-358A(1989)","Jones,K.W.,Gordon,B.M.","Trace element determinations with synchrotron induced x-ray emission"
"JONES(2006)",2006,"4E3","W-value in air, proton beams,ionization chamber dosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 75,  541-550(2006)","Jones,D.T.L.","The w-value in air for proton therapy beams"
"JONNARD(2007)",2007,"4C3","X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) studies of Mo/Si multilayers","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 36,  72-75(2007)","Jonnard,P.,Maury,H.,Andre,J-M.","Wavelength despersive spectroscopy analysis at high spectral resolution: Application to the study of Mo/Si multilayers†"
"JORCH(1992)",1992,"4C1","Positron backsc,ang-res,M.C.calcs","Journal","Mater. Sci. Forum 105-110,1403-1406(1992)","Jorch,H.H.","Angle-resolved Monte-Carlo calculations of positron backscattering from solids"
"JORDAN(1982)",1982,"2B","Adjoint Monte Carlo method for space shielding","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 41,484-485(1982)","Jordan,T.M.","Adjoint Monte Carlo electron shielding calculations [see MOREL(1982)]"
"JORGENSEN(1998)",1998,"4C1","Low positron reflection coefficient measured 2 different ways","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 10,  8743-8752(1998)","Jorgensen,L.V.,Labohm,F.,Schut,H.,van Veen,A.","Evidence of very low-energy positron reflection off tungsten"
"JOSEF(1998)",1998,"2C","SPN approximation","Journal","Phys. Rev. E57,6161-6171(1998)(Pt.B)","Josef,J.A.,Morel,J.E.","Simplified spherical harmonic method for coupled electron photon transport calculations"
"JOSHI(1993)",1993,"3B","E-beam penetration,diamond","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 74,1568-1574(1993)","Joshi,R.P.,Schoenbach,K.H.,Molina,C.,Hofer,W.W.","Studies of electron-beam penetration and free-carrier generation in diamond films"
"JOY(1980)",1980,"4E8A","EELS review,physics,applications","Journal","J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 13,260-270(1980)","Joy,D.C.,Maher,D.M.","Electron energy-loss spectroscopy - review"
"JOY(1985)",1985,"4B10","Detector response","Journal","Rev. Sci. Instr. 56,1772-1779(1985)","Joy,D.C.","The energy dispersive x-ray detector: a quantitative model"
"JOY(1987)",1987,"4C3","A model for calculating secondary and backscattered electron yields","Journal","J. Microsc. 147,  51-64(1987)","Joy,D.C.","A model for calculating secondary and backscattered electron yields"
"JOY(1988)",1988,"2B","Monte Carlo modeling,intro","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series   93, 23-32(1988)","Joy,D.C.","An introduction to Monte Carlo simulations"
"JOY(1989)",1989,"1C","Electron stopping power (empirical eqns)","Journal","Scanning 11,176-180(1989)","Joy,D.C.,Luo,S.","An empirical stopping power relations for low energy electrons"
"JOY(1991)",1991,"2B","Monte Carlo modeling,intro","Journal","Scanning Microsc  5,  329-337(1991)","Joy,D.C.","An introduction to Monte Carlo simulations"
"JOY(1995A)",1995,"1B","Electron interactions,database","Journal","Scanning 17,270-275(1995)","Joy,D.C.","A database on electron solid interactions"
"JOY(1995B)",1995,"1C","Stopping powers,progress report","Journal","Scanning 17,Suppl 5,V-13(1995)","Joy,D.C.","Electron stopping powers-a progress report"
"JOY(1996A)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,low voltage (for low Z elements)","Journal","Micron 27,247-263(1996)","Joy,D.C.,Joy,C.S.","Low voltage scanning electron microscopy"
"JOY(1996B)",1996,"4B10","SEM detector performance,applicable to sec emiss,backsc,EDXRS","Journal","Scanning 18,533-538(1996)","Joy,D.C.,Joy,C.S.,Bunn,R.D.","Measuring the performance of scanning electron microscope detectors"
"JOY(1997)",1997,"4C3","Review,SEM:EBIC,microanalysis,Monte Carlo - annotated references!","Journal","Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science 2,465-468(1997)","Joy,D.C.","Scanning electron microscopy for materials characterization"
"JOY(1998)",1998,"4C3","X-ray prod efficiency,expts,agrees well with Bethe or Casnati models","Journal","J. Microsc. 191,  74-82(1998)","Joy,D.C.","The efficiency of x-ray production at low energies"
"JOY(1999)",1999,"4D3","Sec. electron energy spectrum(SEM)","Journal","Scanning 21,Pt. 2,145(1999)","Joy,D.C.,Khanna,N.,Braski,D.","Secondary electron spectroscopy (this reference seems to be an abstract)"
"JOY(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA constants,stopping pwr,ion cross sects,fluor ylds,backsc coeffs","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   7, 159-167(2001)","Joy,D.C.","Fundamental constants for quantitative x-ray microanalysis"
"JOY(2002)",2002,"4C3","Accurate matrix corrections (for EPMA)","Journal","Microchim. Acta 138, 105-113(2002)","Joy,D.C.","Improving matrix coefficients"
"JOY(2004)",2004,"4D3","Secondary electron spectra,elements,compounds","Journal","J. Microsc. 215,  77-85(2004)","Joy,D.C.,Prasad,M.S.,Meyer,H.M.","Experimental secondary electron spectra under SEM conditions"
"JOY(2006)",2006,"4E9",,"Journal","e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology 4, 369 (2006)","D. C. Joy","Low voltage scanning electron microscopy - Current status, present problems, and future solutions"
"JOY(2007)",2007,"4C3","Ion beams of a few keV cannot excite fluorescent x-rays,role of velocity","Journal","Scanning 29,    1-4(2007)","Joy D,C,,Meyer,H.M.,Bolorizade,M.,Lin,Y.,Newbury,D.","On the production of x-rays by low energy ion beams"
"JUN(2003)",2003,"3C","Energy deposition,.5-2.MeV,comparison of expt,TIGER,MCNP4C","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 50,1732-1739(2003)","Jun,I.","Benchmark study for energy deposition by energetic electrons in thick elemental slabs: Monte Carlo results and experiments"
"JUNTUNEN(1997)",1997,"3C","Dose-depth curve estim,inverse problem","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,2147-2157(1997)","Juntunen,M.,Kaipio,J.P.","The inverse problem of depth-dose curve estimation"
"KALENDER(2006)",2006,"4A5B","X-ray computed tomography review article","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R029-R043(2006)","Kalender,W.A.","X-ray computed tomography"
"KALINKA(1993)",1993,"4B10","Detectors,silicon","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  75,  91-98(1993)","Kalinka,G.,Taniguchi,K.","Status of solid-state energy-dispersive x-ray detection"
"KALRA(2004)",2004,"4A5B","CT radiation exposure,strategies for dose reduction (review)","Journal","Radiology 230,619-628(2004)","Kalra,M.K.,Maher,M.M.,Toth,T.L.,Hamberg,L.M.,Blake,M.A.,Shepard,J-A.,Saini,S.","Strategies for CT radiation dose optimization (review)"
"KALTSAS(1996)",1996,"4C3","Boltzmann transport model","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,349-353(1996)","Kaltsas,G.,Glezos,N.,Valamontes,E.,Nassiopoulos,A.G.","Application of the Boltzmann transport equation in the thickness determination of thin films"
"KAMBOJ(2003)",2003,"4B10","Ge detector efficiencies,Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 37,    1-8(2003)","Kamboj,S.,Kahn,B.","Use of Monte Carlo simulation to examine gamma-ray interactions in germanium detectors"
"KAMINSKA(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA absorption correction models, ZAF method limitations","Journal","Microchim. Acta 140, 151–169 (2002)","Malgorzata Kaminska, Witold Missol","Discontinuous functions in correction procedure for x-ray microanalysis of light elements in inorganic materials"
"KANAYA(1972A)",1972,"3A","Diffusion model,predicts backscatter,transmission,dose-depth profile","Journal","J. Phys. D  5,    43-58(1972)","Kanaya,K.,Okayama, S.","Penetration and energy-loss theory of electrons in solid targets"
"KANAYA(1972B)",1972,"4D3","Universal reduced yield curve:fn of Z,resonance potential,backsc coef","Journal","J. Phys. D  5,1727-1742(1972)","Kanaya,K.,Kawakatsu,H.","Secondary electron emission due to primary and backscattered electrons"
"KANAYA(1978A)",1978,"3B","Diffusion model for electron transmission,backscatter","Journal","J. Phys. D 11,1495-1508(1978)","Kanaya,K.,Ono,S.","The energy dependence of a diffusion model for an electron probe into solid targets"
"KANAYA(1978B)",1978,"3B","High sec emission yield may be due increased depth of escape","Journal","J. Phys. D 11,2425-2437(1978)","Kanaya,K.,Ono,S.,Ishigaki,F.","Secondary electron emission from insulators"
"KANEKO(1990)",1990,"4D3","Sec. electrons,energy distrib,theory","Journal","Surf. Sci. 237,  327-336(1990)","Kaneko,T.","Energy distribution of secondary electrons emitted from solid surfaces under electron bombardment 1. Theory"
"KANNGIESSER(2003)",2003,"4C4","Micro-XRF,standardless,fund param & MC methods discussed","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 58B,  609-614(2003)","Kanngiesser,B.","Quantification procedures in micro x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"KAPLAN(1995)",1995,"4E5","Track formation,electrons vs ions","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B105,  8-13(1995)","Kaplan,I.G.","The track structure in condensed matter"
"KAPUR(1999)",1999,"4A1B","Restricted mass collision stopping-power ratios","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,2321-2341(1999)","Kapur,A.,Ma,C.M.","Stopping-power ratios for clinical electron beams from a scatter-foil linear accelerator"
"KARDUCK(1995)",1995,"4C3","EPMA sputter depth profiling","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 6,421-432(1995)","Karduck,P.,Vonrichthofen,A.","EPMA sputter depth profiling: a new technique for quantitative in-depth analysis of layered structures"
"KARDUCK(1998)",1998,"4C3","EPMA (thin film analysis)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,109-123(1998)","Karduck,P.","Quantitative near-surface microanalysis and depth profiling by EPMA"
"KARNAS(2001)",2001,"4A6","DNA damage from Auger electrons emitted from iodine due to x-ray abs","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 40:188-206(2001)","Grosswendt,B.","Monte Carlo simulations and measurement of  DNA damage from x-ray-triggered Auger cascades in iododeoxyuridine (UIdR)"
"KARYDAS(2005)",2005,"4C4","XRF,secondary fluorescent enhancement in","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,426-431(2005)","Karydas,A.G.","Self-element secondary fluorescent enhancement in XRF analysis"
"KASE(1982)",1982,"4A1B","Absorbed dose measurements,e-beams,central-axis dose","Journal","Med. Phys.  9,   13-19(1982)","Kase,K.R.,Adler,g.J.,Bjarngard,B.E.","Comparisons of electron beam dose measurements in water and polystyrene using various dosimeters"
"KASSIS(2003)",2003,"4A6","Therapeutic potential of Auger electron emitters (see references!)","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 44, 1479-1481 (2003)","Amin I. Kassis","Cancer therapy with Auger electrons: Are we almost there? (review/commentary)"
"KASSIS(2005)",2005,"4A6","Radiobiology,radionuclide therapy;alpha,beta,& Auger electron emitters","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,      4S-12S(2005)","Amin I. Kassis, S. James Adelstein","Radiobiologic principles in radionuclide therapy (turorial review)"
"KATAOKA(1989)",1990,"4C4","XRF,Rigaku Fundamental Parameter method","Journal","Rigaku Journal   6,33-40(1989)","Kataoka,Y.","Standardless X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (Fundamental parameter method using sensitivity library)"
"KATAOKA(1999)",1999,"4C4","XRF,thin films,secondary excitation by photo-,Auger electrons","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 41,   76-83(1999)","Kataoka,Y.,Kawahar,N.,Arai,T.,Uda,M.","Study of light element analysis of thin films for fundamental parameter method"
"KATZ(1999)",1999,"4E5","Models of track effects (review)","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 31,379-388(1999)","Katz,R.,Cucinotta,F.A.","Tracks to therapy (review)"
"KATZ(2003)",2003,"4E5","commentary: conceptual errors,not ""parameter-free""","Journal","Radiat. Res. 160,724-728(2003)","Katz,R.","The parameter-free track structure model of Scholz and Kraft for heavy-ion cross sections"
"KAUFMANN(1994)",1994,"4C4","XRF,analysis of multi-layer thin films","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 37, 205-212(1994)","Kaufmann,M.,Mantler,M.,Weber,F.","Analysis of multi-layer thin films"
"KAUFMANN(1995A)",1995,"4C5","EBIC meas,GaAs,2D simulation,theory","Journal","J. Phys. D 28,  914-921(1995)","Kaufmann,K.,Balk,L.J.","Numerical simulation of electron-beam-induced gate currents in a GaAs MESFET.  Part 1: theory and model"
"KAUFMANN(1995B)",1995,"4C5","EBIC meas,GaAs,2D simulation,results","Journal","J. Phys. D 28,  922-933(1995)","Kaufmann,K.,Balk,L.J.","Numerical simulation of electron-beam-induced gate currents in a GaAs MESFET.  Part 2: numerical and experimental results"
"KAWACHI(1975)",1975,"4A3A","Treatment planning,electron dose distribs","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 20,  571-577(1975)","Kawachi,K.","Calculations of electron dose distributions for radiotherapy treatment planning"
"KAWAI(1999)",1999,"4C4","XRF,XPS,EXEFS,XAFS,XFH,TXRF,X-ray Raman methods","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  455-459(1999)","Kawai,J.","A survey of novel x-ray analysis methods"
"KAWATA(1992)",1992,"4D3","Sec electron emission,MC simulation,dependence on incident angle","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,31,1453-1460(1992)","Kawata,J.,Ohya,K.,Mori,I","Direct Monte Carlo simulation of incident-angle dependence of secondary electron emission from aluminum"
"KAWATA(1994)",1994,"1B","Elastic scattering,electrons,positrons,...","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  90,  29-31(1994)","Kawata,J.,Ohya,K.","Comparative study of elastic scattering of low energy electrons, positrons and protons in solids"
"KAWRAKOW(1996A)",1996,"4A3A","3-D dose calc,voxel based M.C. method","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  445-457(1996)","Kawrakow,I.,Fippel,M.,Friedrich,K.","3D electron dose calculation using a voxel based Monte-Carlo algorithm (VMC)"
"KAWRAKOW(1996B)",1996,"2B","New electron MC algorithm,lateral,longitudinal correlation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B114,307-326(1996)","Kawrakow,I.","Electron transport: lateral and longitudinal correlation algorithm"
"KAWRAKOW(1996C)",1996,"1C","Electron transport, elastic scattering","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B108, 23-34(1996)","Kawrakow,I.","Electron transport: multiple and plural elastic scattering"
"KAWRAKOW(1997)",1997,"4A3A","Voxel Monte Carlo.improved modeling","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  505-517(1997)","Kawrakow,I.","Improved modeling of multiple-scattering in the Voxel Monte Carlo model"
"KAWRAKOW(1998A)",1998,"2C","Monte Carlo,multiple scattering","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B134,325-336(1998)","Kawrakow,I.,Bielajew,A.F.","On the representation of electron multiple elastic scattering distributions for Monte Carlo calculations"
"KAWRAKOW(1998B)",1998,"2B","Monte Carlo,cond hist technique (PDF file in report form)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B142,253-280(1998)","Kawrakow,I.,Bielajew,A.F.","On the condensed history technique for electron transport"
"KAWRAKOW(2000)",2000,"4A3A","Variance reduction successful. Treatment plan w 1% in 7 min on a PC","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,2163-2183(2000)","Kawrakow,I.,Fippel,M.","Investigation of variance reduction techniques for Monte Carlo photon dose calculation using XVMC"
"KAWRAKOW(2000A)",2000,"4A1","EGSnrc,new multiple scatt,electron-step algorithm,energy loss,etc.","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,  485-498(2000)","Kawrakow,I.","Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. I. EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version"
"KAWRAKOW(2000B)",2000,"4A1","EGSnrc,application to the calculation of ion chamber response","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,  499-513(2000)","Kawrakow,I.","Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. II. Application to ion chamber response simulations"
"KAWRAKOW(2001)",2001,"4A3A","VMC++,condensed hist MC, 3D dose calcs used in treatment planning","Book","Advance Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications: Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference, Lisbon,23-26 October 2000.  Springer,Berlin,2001","Kawrakow,I.","VMC++, electron and photon Monte Carlo calculations optimized for radiation treatment planning"
"KAWRAKOW(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Monte Carlo radiation treatment planning, de-noising","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,3087-3103(2002)","Kawrakow,I.","On the de-noising of Monte Carlo calculated dose distributions"
"KAWRAKOW(2003)",2003,"2H","EGSnrc Manual","Report","Ionizing Radiation Standards, National Research Council of Canada (Nov 7, 2003).","Kawrakow,I.,Rogers,D.W.O.","EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport (Available for download from http://www.irs.inms.nrc.ca/inms/irs/EGSnrc/pirs701/)"
"KAWRAKOW(2004)",2004,"2B","Monte Carlo statistical uncertainties,effect on dose calculations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,1549-1556(2004)","Kawrakow,I.","The effect of Monte Carlo statistical uncertainties on the evaluation of dose distributions in radiation treatment planning"
"KAYA(2003)",2003,"1B","Exptl  X-ray production cross sections,fluorescent yields,14 elements","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 130,111-118(2003)","Kaya,A.,Ertugrul,M.","Measurement of L X-ray production cross sections and Lsub i subshell fluorescence yields"
"KEALL(1994)",1994,"4A1","E-beam energy,ang distr simulation","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 17,116-123(1994)","Keall,P.J.,Hoban,P.W.","The angular and energy distribution of the primary electron beam"
"KEALL(1995)",1995,"4A2","Electron scattering,X-ray beam dose ,Fermi-Eyges theory","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1413-1418(1995)","Keall,P.,Hoban,P.","Accounting for primary electron scatter in x-ray beam convolution calculations"
"KEALL(1996A)",1996,"3C","Electron beam dose calculations (review)","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 19,111-130(1996)","Keall,P.J.,Hoban,P.W.","A review of electron beam dose calculation algorithms"
"KEALL(1996B)",1996,"4A3A","3-D x-ray dose calculation algorithm,treatment planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  479-485(1996)","Keall,P.J.,Hoban,P.W.","Superposition dose calculation incorporating Monte-Carlo generated electron track kernels"
"KEALL(1996C)",1996,"2B","3D dose algorithm,Super Monte Carlo","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,2023-2034(1996)","Keall,P.J.,Hoban,P.W.","Super-Monte Carlo: a 3-D electron-beam dose calculation algorithm"
"KEALL(1996D)",1996,"4A2","Beam angular deviat,Fermi-Eyges calc","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1511-1515(1996)","Keall,P.J.,Hoban,P.W.","Calculating the angular standard deviation of electron beams using Fermi-Eyges theory"
"KEALL(1997A)",1997,"4A1","Dose profiles produced by wedge filters","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,2183-2192(1997)","Keall,P.,Zavgorodni,S.,Schmidt,L.,Haskard,D.","Improving wedged field dose distributions"
"KEALL(1997B)",1997,"2A","Electron/photon transport model","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,1181(1997)","Keall,P.","Electron transport in photon and electron beam modeling (thesis abstract only)"
"KEALL(1998)",1998,"2B","Super Monte Carlo,radiotherapy algor","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  275-281(1998)","Keall,P.J.,Hoban,P.W.,West,M.P.","Super Monte Carlo: a photon/electron dose calculation algorithm for radiotherapy"
"KEALL(2001)",2001,"4A3B","IMRT,MC dose calculations, MLC(multileaf collimator) modeling","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 46,  929-941(2001)","Keall,P.J.,Siebers,J.v.,Arnfield,M.,Kim,J.O.,Mohan,R.","Monte Carlo dose calculations for dynamic IMRT treatments"
"KEARSLEY(1984)",1984,"4B06","Cavity theory,general","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 29,1179-1187(1984)","Kearsley,E.","A new general cavity theory"
"KEAST(2001)",2001,"4E8A","ELNES (a branch of EELS),review,theory,experiment,examples","Journal","J. Microsc. 203,135-175(2001)","Keast,V.J.,Scott,A.J.,Brydson,R.,Williams,D.B.,Bruley,J.","Electron energy-loss near-edge structure - a tool for the investigation of electronic structure on the nanometre scale"
"KEAST(2005)",2005,"4E8B","DFT calc of EEL spectra for large no. of elements,simple compounds","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,  97-104(2005)","Keast,V.J.","Ab initio calculations of plasmons and interband transitions in the low-loss electron energy-loss spectrum."
"KEENEY(2002)",2002,"4E4","Nanodosimetry system,positon- and energy-sensitive particle detectors","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 48,1724-1727(2002)","Keeney,B.,Bashkirov,V.,Johnson,R.P., Kroeger,w.,Oyama,H.,Sadrozinski,H.F.-W.,Shulte,R.W,M.,Seiden,A.,Spradlin,P.","A silicon telescope for nanodosimetry in biomedical applications"
"KELLER(1997)",1997,"1B","Bremsstrahlung cross sections","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30,3257-3266(1997)","Keller,S.,Dreizler,R.M.","Relativistic independent-particle approximation study of triply differential cross-sections for electron-atom bremsstrahlung"
"KELLERER(1992)",1992,"4E4","Microdosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Res. 130,  15-25(1992)","Kellerer,A.M.,Hahn,K.,Rossi,H.H.","Intermediate dosimetric quantities"
"KELLERER(1996)",1996,"4E4","Microdosimetry","Journal","Health Phys. 70,832-836(1996)","Kellerer,A.M.","Radiobiological challenges posed by microdosimetry"
"KELLERER(2002A)",2002,"4E4","Basis for developments in radiation res,radiation protection,radiology","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,  17-22(2002)","Kellerer,A.M.","Microdosimetry: Reflections on Harald Rossi"
"KELLERER(2002B)",2002,"4E4","Mammography vs conventional x-rays,LET spectra,RBE","Journal","Radiat. Res. 158,  13-22(2002)","Kellerer,A.M.","Electron spectra and the RBE of X-rays"
"KELLERER(2003A)",2003,"4E5","Linear-quadratic fit to dose-effect relations in radiobiology","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 42:  77-85(2003)","Kellerer,A.M.","Error bands for the linear-quadratic dose-effect relation"
"KELLERER(2003B)",2003,"4E4","RBE of x-rays studied (for mammography),microdosimetry analysis","Journal","Radiat. Res. 160,324-333(2003)","Kellerer,A.M.,Chen,J.","Comparative microdosimetry of photoelectrons and Compton electrons: An analysis in terms of generalized proximity functions"
"KELLER-REICHENBECHER(1999)",1999,"4A3B","IMRT,a treatment planning approach","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 45,1315-1324(1999)","Keller-Reichenbecher,M,Bortfeld,T.,Levergrun,S.,Stein,J.,Presiser,K.,Schlegel,W.","Intensity modulation with the ""Step and Shoot"" technique using a commercial MLC: a planning study"
"KELLOGG(1995)",1995,"2E","Electron backscattering,invariant imbedding model","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,   25-30(1995)","Kellogg,T.,Ray,A.K.","A computational model for electron backscattering in electron dosimetry"
"KEMPE(2007)",2007,"4E7","Depth dose,LET of ions of clinical interest, SHIELD-HIT MC code used","Journal","Med. Phys. 34,  183-192(2007)","Kempe,J.,Gudowska,I.,Brahme,A.","Depth absorbed dose and LET distributions of therapeutic 1H, 4He, 7Li, and 12C beams"
"KEMPENAERS(2002)",2002,"4C4","XRF,Monte Carlo,synchroton,trace elements in reference materials","Journal","Anal. Chem. 74, 5017-5026(2002)","Kempenaers,L.,Janssens K.,Vincze,L.,Vekemans,B.,Somogyi,A.,Drakopoulos,M.,Simionovici,A.,Adams F.","A Monte Carlo model for studying the microheterogeneity of trace elements in reference materials by means of synchrotron microscopic X-ray fluorescence"
"KENIK(2004)",2004,"4C3","EPMA,microcalorimeter detectors,low voltage SEM microanalysis","Journal","Microchim. Acta 145,  81-86(2004)","Kenik,E.A.,Joy,D.C.,Redfern,D.","Microcalorimeter detectors and low voltage SEM microanalysis"
"KENSEK(1995)",1995,"2B","ITS codes,practical considerations","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,330-331(1995)","Kensek,R.P.,Halbleib,J.A.,Valdez,G.D.","ITS - some practical advice"
"KENSEK(1996)",1996,"2B","ITS M.C.code, space applications","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 43,2724-2730(1996)","Kensek,R.P.,Lorence,L.J.,Halbleib,J.A.,Morel,J.E.","Space applications of the MITS electron-photon Monte Carlo transport code system"
"KEPPLER(2001)",2001,"4A5C","Cost of PET","Journal","Amer. J. Radiology 177, 31- 40 (2001)","Jennifer S. Keppler, Peter S. Conti","A cost analysis of positron emission tomography"
"KERRIS(1985)",1985,"4B04","Monte Carlo calculations of irradiation test photon spectra (Co-60)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 32,preprint(1985)","Kerris,K.G.","Experimental determination of the low-energy spectral component of Cobalt-60 sources"
"KERRIS(1986)",1986,"4B07","Aluminum/gold ionization chamber measurements,Co-60 spectrum","Report","HDL-TR-2082 (April 1986)","Kerris,K.G.,Gorbics,S.G.","Experimental determination of the low-energy spectral component of Cobalt-60 sources"
"KERUR(1993)",1993,"1A","X-ray atten. coeffs. for compounds","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,  13-16(1993)","Kerur,B.R.,Thontadarya,S.R.,Hanumaiah,B.","X-ray attenuation coefficients at 6.46 keV and the validity of the mixture rule for compounds"
"KERUR(1997)",1998,"1A","Photoelectric cross sections","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26, 45-48(1997)","Kerur,B.R.,Thontadarya,S.R.,Hanumaiah,B.","Photoelectric cross-sections: comparison between experimental and renormalized and unrenormalized theoretical values"
"KESLER(2002)",2002,"4E8C","Electron eff atten lengths defined,calculated,expt","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 33,  635-639(2002)","Kesler,V.,Hofmann,S.","Improvement of the depth resolution in sputter depth profiling by elastic peak electron spectroscopy"
"KHAN(1982)",1982,"4C5","EBIC,review,minority carrier diffusion length measurements","Journal","Appl. Phys. Comm. 2,17-56(1982)","Khan,A.A.,Woollam,J.A.,Hermann,A.M.","Minority carrier diffusion length measurements - A review and comparison of techniques"
"KHAN(1991)",1991,"4A1B","Dosimetry,clinical electron beam","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,   73-109(1991)","Khan,F.M.,Doppke,K.P.,Hogstrom,K.R.,Kutcher,G.J.,Nath,R.,Prasad,S.C.,Purdy,J.A.,Rozenfeld,M.,Werner,B.L.","AAPM TG-25, Clinical electron beam dosimetry: report of AAPM radiation therapy committee task group No-25"
"KHARE(1996)",1996,"1B","Inner shell ioniz cross sects,K,L,M","Journal","Can. J. Phys. 74,376-383(1996)","Khare,S.P.,Wadehra,J.M.","K-shell, L-shell, and M-shell ionization of atoms by electron and positron impact"
"KHARRATI(2007)",2007,"4B01","Shielding,MC buildup factors for x-rays in lead,empirical fits","Journal","Med. Phys. 34,1398-1404 (2007)","Hedi Kharrati, Amel Agrebi, Mohamed-Karim Karaoui","Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray buildup factors of lead and its applications in shielding of diagnostic x-ray facilities"
"KHOROSHKOV(1998)",1998,"4E6","Review of the state of the art of proton therapy","Journal","Eur. J. Phys. 19, 523-536(1998)","Khoroshkov,V.S.,Minakova,E. I.","Proton beams in radiotherapy"
"KIJIMA(1993)",1993,"4B09","Dosimetry,e-beam (M.C. model)","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 693-699(1993)","Kijima,T.,Nakase,Y.","Electron-beam dosimetry for a thin-layer absorber irradiated by 300-keV electrons"
"KIJIMA(1994)",1994,"4B11","Energy deposition calculation","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 45, 759-765(1994)","Kijima,T.,Suga,H.,Nakase,Y.","Depth-dose distributions in a thin-layer absorber irradiated by 300-keV electrons"
"KIJIMA(1995)",1995,"3B","Electron transm,300 keV,M.C.model","Journal","IEICE Tr Electronics E78C, 557-563(1995)","Kijima,T.,Kotera,M.,Suga,H.,Nakase,Y.","Monte-Carlo calculations on the passage of electrons through thin-films irradiated by 300 keV electrons"
"KIJIMA(1996)",1996,"3C","Electron beam (M.C. model)","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 26,159-168(1996)","Kijima,T.,Nakase,Y.","Monte-Carlo calculations of the behavior of 300 keV electron from accelerators"
"KIM(1996A)",1996,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  63,245-252(1996)","Kim,E.H.,Bolch,W.E.,Reece,W.D.,Poston,J.W.","A microdosimetric algorithm for electron point kernel data. 1. Monoenergetic electron sources"
"KIM(1996B)",1996,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  63,253-261(1996)","Kim,E.H.,Bolch,W.E.,Reece,W.D.,Poston,J.W.","A microdosimetric algorithm for electron point kernel data. 2. Beta sources"
"KIM(1998)",1997,"4C7","E-beam lithography,M.C. simul","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 41/42,179-182(1998)","Kim,S.H.,Ham,Y.M.,Lee,W.,Chun,K.","New approach of Monte Carlo simulation for low energy electron beam lithography"
"KIM(2000A)",2000,"1B","Binary-encounter-Bethe model,calc electron-impatct ioniz cross sects","Book","Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications, eds. K.A. Berrington,K.L.Bell, American Institute of Physics,NY,2000","Kim,Y-K.,Irikura,K.K.","Electron-impact ionization cross sections for polyatomic molecules, radicals, and ions"
"KIM(2000B)",2000,"1B","Total ionization cross section for atoms,binary-encounter-Bethe model","Journal","Phys. Rev. B62,052710/1-14(2000)","Kim,Y-K.,Santos,J.P.,Parente,F.","Extension of the binary-encounter-dipole model to relativistic incident electrons"
"KIM(2001)",2001,"4A3A","Monte Carlo study of transport thru multileaf collimators (IMRT)","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,2497-2506(2001)","Kim,J.O.,Siebers,J.V.,Keall,P.J.,Arnfield,M.R.,Mohan,R.","A Monte Carlo study of radiation transport through multileaf collimators"
"KIM(2004)",2004,"4C7","Low-E beam lithography,MC search for optimized mask","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 43,1196-1198(2004)","Kim,C,Kang,I-Y.,Chung,Y-C.","Optimization of low-energy electron beam proximity lithography stencil maskstructure factors by Monte Carlo simulation"
"KIM(2005)",2005,"4A1C","TEY measurement applied to scanning photoelectron microscopy","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 148,137–141(2005)","Kim,G.B.,Song,H.J.,Shin,H.J.,Hong,C.K.","X-ray absorption spectroscopy in total electron yield mode of scanning photoelectron microscopy"
"KIM(2006)",2006,"4E5","New MC code ETMICRO,electrons down to 10 eV in liquid water","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.122,  53-55(2006)","E. H. Kim","Electron track simulation using ETMICRO"
"KIMURA(1991)",1991,"4E3","W values in gases","Journal","Radiat. Res. 125,237-242(1991)","Kimura,M.,Kowari,K.I.,Inokuti,M.,Bronic,I.K.,Srdoc,D.,Obelic,B.","Theoretical study of W values in hydrocarbon gases"
"KINAHAN(1998)",1998,"4A5C","CT-based attenuation correction of 3D PET data","Journal","Med. Phys. 25.2046-2053(1992)","P. E. Kinahan,D. W. Townsend,T. Beyer,D. Sashin","Attenuation correction for a combined 3D PET/CT scanner"
"KINOSHITA(2002)",2002,"4B08","Imaging type spectromicroscopy application examples discussed","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 124,175-194(2001)","Kinoshita,T.","Application and future of photoelectron spectromicroscopy"
"KIRKBY(1997)",1997,"2B","Monte Carlo,parallel computing","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,1203-1208(1997)","Kirkby,D.R.,Delpy,D.T.","Parallel operation of Monte Carlo simulations on a diverse network of computers"
"KIRKWOOD(2001)",2001,"4C6","flux-energy spectra of precipitating electrons,EISCAT radar","Journal","J. Atm Solar-Terrestr Physics 63,1907-1921(2001)","Kirkwood,S.,Osepian,A.,Smirnova,N.","Quantitative description of electron precipitation during auroral absorption events in the morning/noon local-time sector"
"KISE(2002)",2002,"4C7","Suppression of sec electron blur for proximity x-ray lithography","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B20,2953-2957(2002)","Kise,K.,Marumoto,K.,Watanabe,H.,Itoga,K.,Kumada,T.,Sunitani,H.,Kitayama,T.,Amemiya,M.,Watanabe,Y.,Uda,K.","Suppression of secondary electron blur by using Br-containing resists in x-ray lithography"
"KISE(2004)",2004,"4C7","X-ray lithography,secondary electron blur reduction","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B22,  126-130(2004)","Kise,K.,Watanabe,H.,Itoga,K.,Sumitani,H.,Amemiya,M.","Improvement of resolution in x-ray lithography by reducing secondary electron blur"
"KISSEL(1983)",1983,"1B","Bremsstrahl shape functions,1-500 keV","Journal","At Dat Nucl Dat Tables 28, 381-460(1983)","Kissel,L.,Quarles,C.A.,Pratt,R.H.","Shape functions for atomic-field bremsstrahlung from electrons of kinetic energy 1-500 keV on selected neutral atoms 1<=Z<=92"
"KISZA(1981)",1981,"4C7","e-beam lithogr,back-scattering process,substrate-resist","Journal","J. Phys. D 14,  907-912(1981)","Kisza,M.,Maternia,Z.,Radzimski,Z.","Scattering exposure: a simplified model of electron backscattering in the substrate-polymer film structure"
"KITOV(2000)",2000,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 29,285-290(2000)","Kitov,B.I.","Calculation features of the fundamental parameter method in XRF"
"KITOV(2005)",2005,"4C2","Equation for X-ray tube spectrum scattered from boron-carbide target","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  52-55(2005)","Kitov,B.I.","Spectrum function of polarizer-scattered x-ray tube radiation"
"KITSOS(1994)",1994,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,discr ord calcs","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 117,  47-66(1994)","Kitsos,S.,Assad,A.,Diop,C.M.,Nimal,J.C.,Ridoux,P.","Determination of point isotropic buildup factors of gamma-rays including incoherent and coherent scattering for aluminum, iron, lead, and water by the discrete ordinates method"
"KITSOS(1996)",1996,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,Sn calcs of","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 123,215-227(1996)","Kitsos,S.,Diop,C.M.,Assad,A.,Nimal,J.C.,Ridoux,P.","Improvement of gamma-ray S-N transport calculations including coherent and incoherent scatterings and secondary sources of bremsstrahlung and fluorescence: determination of gamma-ray buildup factors"
"KITTLER(1996)",1996,"4C5","EBIC defect characterization,modeling,state of understanding","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Engin. B42,    8-13(1996)","Kittler,M.,Seifert,W.","EBIC defect characterization: State of understanding and problems of interpretation"
"KLASSEN(1999)",1999,"4B09","Dosimetry,Fricke,Co-60,hi-E x-rays","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,1609-1624(1999)","Klassen,N.V.,Shortt,K.R.,Seuntjens,J.,Ross,C.K.","Fricke dosimetry: the difference between G(Fe3+) for Co-60 gamma-rays and high-energy x-rays"
"KLAUS(2001)",2001,"4A6","Dose conversion factors, daughters of radionuclides taken into account","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 42,1216–1221 (2001)","Klaus A. Hamacher, Robert B. Den, Elana I. Den, George Sgouros","Cellular dose conversion factors for alpha-particle–emitting radionuclides of interest in radionuclide therapy"
"KLEIN(1993)",1993,"4B06","Interface dose,air cavity effects","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 27,  419-427(1993)","Klein,E.E.,Chin,L.M.,Rice,R.K.,Mijnheer,B.J.","The influence of air cavities on interface doses for photon beams"
"KLEIN(1996A)",1996,"4C3","Surface ionization (backscat model)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,363-376(1996)","Klein,P.,Andrae,M.,Rohrbacher,K.,Wernisch,J.","Calculation of the surface ionization using analytical models of electron backscattering"
"KLEIN(1996B)",1996,"4C3","Insulator charging (EPMA)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,377-389(1996)","Klein,P.,Rohrbacher,K.,Andrae,M.,Wernisch,J.","Thickness determination of thin insulating layers"
"KLEIN(1996C)",1996,"3A","Model,transm,backsc angular distribs (based on AUGUST's models)","Journal","Scanning 18,417-427(1996)","Klein,P.,Andrae,M.,Rohrbacher,K.,Wernisch,J.","New expressions for angular distributions"
"KLEVENHAGEN(1989)",1989,"4A1","X-rays,backscatter factors,16-140 keV","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,1871-1882(1989)","Klevenhagen,S.C.","Experimentally determined backscatter factors for x-rays generated at voltages between 16 and 140 kV"
"KLEVENHAGEN(1991A)",1991,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber,uncalib","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,  239-253(1991)","Klevenhagen,S.C.","Determination of absorbed dose in high-energy electron and photon radiation by means of an uncalibrated ionization-chamber"
"KLEVENHAGEN(1991B)",1991,"3A","Electron backscattering,dosimetry","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,1013-1018(1991)","Klevenhagen,S.C.","Implication of electron backscattering for electron dosimetry"
"KLEVENHAGEN(1991C)",1991,"4B06","Dosimetry,x-ray,low E,electron contam","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,1111-1116(1991)","Klevenhagen,S.C.,D'Souza,D.,Bonnefoux,I.","Complications in low energy x-ray dosimetry caused by electron contamination"
"KLEVENHAGEN(1994)",1994,"3C","Dose,e-beam, bremss contam effects","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 39,1103-1112(1994)","Klevenhagen,S.C.","An algorithm to include the bremsstrahlung contamination in the determination of the absorbed dose in electron beams"
"KLEVENHAGEN(1996)",1996,"4B06","Dosimetry (x-ray)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,2605-2626(1996)","Klevenhagen,S.C.,Aukett,R.J.,Harrison,R.M.,Moretti,C.,Nahum,A.E.,Rosser,K.E.","The IPEMB Code of Practice for the determination of absorbed dose for x-rays below 300 kV generating potential (0.035 mm Al - 4 mm Cu HVL; 10-300 kV generating potential)"
"KLIE(2005)",2005,"4E8B","Theoret'l aspects,expt'l procedures to achieve atomic-resolution EELS","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,105-115(2005)","Klie,R.F.,Arslan,I.,Browning,N.D.","Atomic resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (review)"
"KNIGHTS(1995A)",1995,"4D3","Sec elect emission,Ag,positron & electron impact,0.1-2.5 keV","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,  43-48(1995)","Knights,A.P.,Coleman,P.G.","Secondary electron emission from Ag(1000) stimulated by positron and electron impact"
"KNIGHTS(1995B)",1995,"4C1","Positron backscattering coeff vs Z at 1 keV,structure","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   7,3485-3492(1995)","Knights,A.P.,Coleman,P.G.","The observation of structure in the dependence of the 1 keV positron backscattering coefficient on target atomic number"
"KNIGHTS(1996)",1996,"4C1","Yield of slow positrons from Ag,Au,Pb,Sn,SiO2,thermalization length","Journal","Surf. Sci. 367,238-244(1996)","Knights,A.P.,Coleman,P.G.","The effect of thermalisation length and work function on epithermal positron emission from solids"
"KNIGHTS(1999A)",1999,"4C1","Positron study of ion implantation induced defects in GaAs","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Engin. B66,146-150(1999)","Knights,A.P.,Malik,F.,Coleman,P.G.,Gwilliam,R.,Sealy,B.J.","Applying slow positrons to the study of ion implantation induced defects in GaAs"
"KNIGHTS(1999B)",1999,"4C1","Positron annihilation spectroscopy","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B148,340-344(1999)","Knights,A.P.,Nejim,A.,Barradas,N.P.,Coleman,P.G.","Self ion irradiated Si probed with enhanced depth resolution positron annihilation spectroscopy"
"KNIPPELMEYER(1997B)",1997,"4E8A","Calculations of K-shell cross sections for EELS,EPMA","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   68,  25-41(1997)","Knippelmeyer,R.,Wahlbring,P.,Kohl,H.","Relativistic ionization cross sections for use in microanalysis"
"KNOOS(1994)",1995,"4A2","3D planning system based on pencil beam","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 39,1609-1628(1994)","Knoos,T.,Ceberg,L.,Weber,L.,Hilsson,P.","The dosimetric verification of a pencil beam treatment planning system"
"KNOOS(1995)",1995,"4A1A","Patient heterogeneities,ignoring electron transport,photon scatter","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,1411-1420(1995)","Knoos,T.,hnesjo,A.,Nilsson,P.,Weber,L.","Limitations of a pencil beam approach to photon dose calculations in lung tissue"
"KOBETICH(1968)",1968,"3C","E-beam energy deposition formulas","Journal","Phys. Rev. 170, 391-396(1968)","Kobetich,E.J.,Katz,R.","Energy deposition by electron beams and delta-rays"
"KOBETICH(1969)",1969,"3C","E-beam energy deposition","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth.   71,226-230(1969)","Kobetich,E.J.,Katz,R.","Electron energy dissipation"
"KOCH(1959)",1959,"1B","Bremsstrahlung cross-sections (review)","Journal","Rev. Mod. Phys. 31,920-950(1959)","Koch,H.W.,Motz,J.W.","Bremsstrahlung cross-section formulas and related data (EMAS 98 reference)"
"KOCSONYA(2004)",2004,"4C4","XRF,improved clac method for internally excited x-rys","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,387-390(2004)","Konsonya,A.,Dmeter,I.,Kovacs,I.,Szokefalvi-Nagy,Z.","Speeding up of internal excitation calculations and application to x-ray analysis"
"KODELI(2005)",2005,"2H","P4 problem analysis/TLD-albedo dosemeter,neutron/photon response","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.115,542-547(2005)","Ivo Kodeli, Rick Tanner","Analysis of QUADOS problem on TLD-ALBEDO personal dosemeter responses using discrete ordinates and Monte Carlo methods"
"KOGEL(1996)",1996,"4C1","Positron diffusion trapping equation analyzed,analytic solutions","Journal","Appl. Phys. A63,227-235(1996)","Kogel,G.","Positron diffusion in solids and the reconstruction of inhomogeneous defect distributions from lifetime measurements"
"KOHNO(2003)",2003,"4E6","proton dose calcs,simplified Monte Carlo method,validity","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,1277-1288(2003)","Kohno,R.,Takada,Y.,Sakae,T.,Terunuma,T.,Matsumoto,K.,Nohtomi,A.,Matsuda,H.","Experimental evaluation of validity of simplified Monte Carlo method in proton dose calculations"
"KOLBERT(1997)",1997,"4A5A","At high level of activity,more accurate dose calculations will be required.","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 38,  30I-306 (1997)","Katherine S. Kolbert, George Sgouros, Andrew M. Scott, James E. Bronstein, Rachel A. Malane, Jiaju Zhang, Hovanes Kalaigian, Stephen McNamara, Lawrence Schwartz, Steven M. Larson","Implementation and evaluation of patient-specific three-dimensional internal dosimetry"
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"KONG(1990A)",1990,"4C1","Positron transport model (1.)","Journal","Phys. Rev. B41,  6179-6184(1990)","Kong,Y.,Lynn,K.G.","Transport model of thermal and epithermal positrons in solids. 1."
"KONG(1990B)",1990,"4C1","Positron transport model(2.)","Journal","Phys. Rev. B41,  6185-6192(1990)","Kong,Y.,Lynn,K.G.","Transport model of thermal and epithermal positrons in solids. 2."
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"KOOY(1988)",1988,"4B07","Interfaces,ion chamber dosimetry","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 199-203(1988)","Kooy,H.M.,Simpson,L.D.,McFaul,J.A.","Parallel-plate ionization-chamber response in Co-60 irradiated transition zones"
"KOOY(1989)",1989,"4A2","Pencil beam algorithm","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,  229-243(1989)","Kooy,H.M.,Rashid,H.","A 3-dimensional electron pencil-beam algorithm"
"KORENEVI(2004)",2004,"4A4","Main physical requirements for industrial electron accelerators","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 71,  537-539(2004)","S. Korenev","Critical analysis of industrial electron accelerators"
"KOREVAAR(1996)",1996,"2E","Phase-space evolution method","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,2079-2090(1996)","Korevaar,E.W.,Dabrowshi,R.,Janssen,J.J.,Storchi,P.R.M.,Huizenga,H.","Phase-space evolution distribution-functions for high-energy electron-beams"
"KOSHIKAWA(1974A)",1974,"4D3","MC simulation of sec electron emission,calculated energy distribution","Journal","J. Phys. D  7,1303-1315(1974)","Koshikawa,T.,Shimizu,R.","A Monte Carlo calculation of low-energy secondary electron emission from metals"
"KOTANI(2004)",2004,"4C4","Theory,resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy,d & f electron systems","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140, 669-674(2001)","Kotani,A.","Theoretical aspects of resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy"
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"KOTERA(1990A)",1990,"2B","Electron scattering,simul in metals","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,29,2277-2282(1990)","Kotera,M.,Ijichi,R.,Fujiwara,T.,Suga,H.,Wittry,D.B.","A simulation of electron scattering in metals"
"KOTERA(1990B)",1990,"2B","Monte Carlo,secondary electrons","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 4,111-126(1990)","Kotera,M.,Kishida,T.,Suga,H.","Monte Carlo simulation of secondary electrons in solids and its application for scanning electron microscopy"
"KOTERA(1993)",1993,"1B","Electron scatt w inner shell ioniz","Journal","Scanning Microsc  7,1135-1144(1993)","Kotera,M.,Yamamoto,K.,Suga,H.","Cross sections for electron scattering accompanied by ionization of inner shells"
"KOTULA(2006)",2006,"4C3","3D x-ray microanalysis,tomographic spectral imaging","Journal","Micros & Microanalysis 12,  36-48(2006)","Paul G. Kotula,Michael R. Keenan,Joseph R. Michael","Tomographic spectral imaging with multivariate statistical analysis: Comprehensive 3D microanalysis"
"KOVAC(2004A)",2004,"4D1","XPS,basic principles,comparison with AES,EPMA,XRF","Book","EMAS 2004 -  6th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Bled, Slovenia, pp    75-84","Kovac,J.","X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and related microscopic methods (tutorial)"
"KOVAC(2004B)",2004,"4D1","AES depth profiling for studying buried interfaces in thin-film structures","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  841-844(2004)","Kovac,J.,Zalar,A.","Quantitative evaluation of contributions to interface broadening in metal/silicon multilayers"
"KOVAR(1989)",1989,"4A1B","Depth-dose curves, analytic approximation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,  939-948(1989)","Kovar,I.","Analytical approximation of depth dose curves for electron beams"
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"KOVER(2006B)",2006,"4D1","XPS,ISO standard,procedure for determining backgrounds","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,1173-1175(2006)","Kover,L.","Summary of ISO/TC 201 technical report: ISO/TR 18392: 2005 - Surface chemical analysis - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Procedures for determining backgrounds"
"KOWARI(1990)",1990,"4E2","Electron slowing down,CSDA approx","Journal","Phys. Rev. A41,2500-2505(1990)","Kowari,K.","Validity of the continuous-slowing-down approximation in electron degradation, with numerical results for argon"
"KOWARI(1991A)",1991,"4E2","Electron slowing down in gases,He,Xe,Fokker-Planck eqn","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 985-994(1991)","Kowari,K-I.,Shizgal,B.","Time dependent electron distribution functions and degradation spectra: A comparison of the Spencer-Fano equation and the Boltzmann equation"
"KOWARI(1991B)",1991,"4E2","Slowing down,Spencer-Fano eqn","Journal","Chem. Phys. Let. 176,575-580(1991)","Kowari,K.,Shizgal,B.","The partial continuous slowing down approximation (PCSDA) in the solution of the Spencer-Fano equation"
"KOWARI(1992)",1992,"4E2","Electron slowing down in gases","Journal","J. Chem. Phys. 97,2061-2074(1992)","Kowari,K.,Demeio,L.,Shizgal,B.","Electron degradation and thermalization in CH4 gas"
"KRAFT(1992A)",1992,"4E7","Heavy ions,experiments,manned space flight","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 12,     5-6(1992)","Kraft,G..","Introduction (Heavy-Ion Effects in Genetically Relevant Structures topical meeting )"
"KRAFT(1992B)",1999,"4E5","Track structure models reviewed,compared with microdosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 31,161-180(1992))","Kraft,G.,Kramer,M.,Scholz,M.","LET, track structure and models. A review."
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"KRAFT(2001)",2001,"4E7","Review,heavy ion therapy, applications to space radiation protection","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:  13-20(2001)","Kraft,G.","What we can learn from heavy ion therapy for radioprotection in space"
"KRAMER(1994A)",1994,"4E5","Track structure,heavy ion,M.C. model","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 33,  91-109(1994)","Kramer,M.,Kraft,G.","Calculations of heavy-ion track structure"
"KRAMER(1994B)",1994,"4E5","RBE of heavy ions -> different pattern of energy deposition in tracks","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 14, 151-159(1994)","Kramer,M.,Kraft,G.","Track structure and DNA damage"
"KRAMER(1995)",1995,"4E5","Heavy-ion track structure calculations","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B105, 14-20(1995)","Kramer,M.","Calculations of heavy-ion track structure"
"KRAMER(2000)",2000,"2B","MC study of Ge detectors,size effects on counting efficiency","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  89,259-262(2000)","Kramer,G.H.,Crowley,P.,Burns,L.C.","Investigating the impossible: Monte Carlo simulations"
"KRAMER(2002)",2002,"4B06","Absorbed dose to graphite 50-300 keV x-rays, 2-component model","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,  801-822(2002)","Kramer HM,Grosswendt B.","The role of de-excitation electrons in measurements with graphite extrapolation chambers"
"KRAMER(2006)",2006,"4A6","Fast calculation of biological effects after ion irradiation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,1959-1970(2006)","Kramer,M.,Scholz,M.","Rapid calculation of biological effects in ion radiotherapy"
"KRAUSE-REHBERG(1998A)",1998,"4C1","Positron annihilation studes of defect in 2-6 compounds (review)","Journal","Appl. Phys. A66,599-614(1998)","Krause-Rehberg,R.,Leipner,H.S.,Abgarjan,T.,Polity,A.","Review of defect investigations by means of positron annihilation in II-VI compound semiconductors"
"KRAUSE-REHBERG(1998B)",1998,"4C1","Positron annihilation identification of open-volume defects in semicond","Journal","Solid State Phenomena 63-64,291-300(1998)","Krause-Rehberg,R.,Eichler,S.,Gebauer,J.,Borner,F.","The slow positron beam technique - a unique tool for the study of vacancy-type defects in semiconductors"
"KRAUSE-REHBERG(2001)",2001,"4C1","Positron beam studies of defects in semiconductors","Journal","Mater. Sci. Forum 363-365,404-408(2001)","Krause-Rehberg,R.,Börner,F.,Redmann,F.","Positron beam studies of defects in semiconductors"
"KRAUSE-REHBERG(2002)",2002,"4C1","Defect profiling with slow positrons","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 194,210-213(2002)","Krause-Rehberg,R.,Borner,F.,Redmann,F.,Egger,W.,Kogel,G.,Sperr,P.,Triftshauser,W.","Improved defect profiling with slow positrons"
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"KRAWCZKY(1998)",1998,"4E8A","EELS,inelastic mfp determ in GaAs","Journal","Surf. Sci. 402-404,491-495(1998)","Krawczky,M.,Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Gergely,G.","The inelastic mean free path and the inelastic scattering cross-section of electrons in GaAs determined from highly resolved electron energy spectra"
"KRAWCZKY(2001)",2001,"4E8C","EPES,inelastic mfp determination in AuCu alloys","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  415-420(2001)","Krawczky,M.,Zommer,L.,Jablonski,A.,Zommer,L.,Robert,C.,Pavluch,J.,Bideaux,L.,Gruzza,B.","Electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) in binary Au-Cu alloys determined by elastic peak electron spectroscopy"
"KRAWCZKY(2002)",2002,"4E8C","EPES,inelastic mfp determination in AuPd alloys","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 33,    23-28(2002)","Krawczky,M.,Jablonski,A.,Zommer,L.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Gergely,G.,Menyhard,M.,Sulyok,A.,Bendek,Z.,Gruzza,B.,Robert,C.","Determination of the inelastic mean free paths for AuPd alloys by elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES)"
"KRAWCZYK(2006)",2006,"4D1","EPES,1st meas of IMFPs in SiC","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  644-647(2006)","Krawczyk,M.,Zommer,L,Kosinski,A.,Sobczak,J.W.,Jablonski,A.","Measured electron IMFPs for SiC"
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"KRITHIVAS(1986)",1986,"4B09","Ion chamber dosimetry, determination of N(sub)gas","Journal","Med. Phys. 13, 674-677(1986)","Krithivas,G.,Rao,S.N.","N(sub)gas determination for a parallel-plate ion chamber"
"KRMAR(1996)",1996,"4C2","Method for evaluating bremsstrahlung spectra from transmission data","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  651-654(1996)","M. Krmar, J. Slivka, I. Bikit, M. Veskovi, Lj Conkic","Evaluation of bremsstrahlung spectra generated by a 4-MeV linear accelerator"
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"KRON(1993)",1993,"4B09","Dosimetry (TLD)","Journal","Med. Phys. 20, 703-711(1993)","Kron,T.,Elliot,A.,Wong,T.,Showell,G.l.,Clubb,B.,Metcalfe,P.","X-ray surface dose measurements using TLD Extrapolation"
"KRON(1998)",1998,"4B09","Dosimeters,response to synchrotron rad","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,3235-3259(1998)","Kron,T.,Duggan,L.,Smith,T.,Rosenfeld,A.,Butson,M.,Kaplan,G.,Howlett,S.,Hyodo,K.","Dose response of various radiation detectors to synchrotron radiation"
"KRONENBERG(1996)",1996,"4B09","Ion chamber,directional detector","Journal","Health Phys. 70,505-511(1996)","Kronenberg,S.,Brucker,G.J.,Bechtel,E.,Gentner,F.","Directional detector of gamma-ray sources"
"KRONENBERG(1999)",1999,"4C4","X-ray photoyield vs E,angle,NOVICE calc","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 56,  267-280(1999)","Kronenberg,S.,Brucker,G.J.,Jordan,T.","Electron yields from irradiated targets versus photon incident angle and quantum energy"
"KRUMREY(1989)",1989,"4B10","Detector response to x-rays,Si(Li)","Journal","Rev. Sci. Instr. 60,2287-2290(1989)","Krumrey,M.,Tegeler,E.,Ulm,G.","Complete characterization of a Si(Li) detector in the photon energy range 0.9-5 keV"
"KRYNKO(2002)",2002,"4E8B","REEL spectrum separated into 2 components","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 122,231-237(2001)","Krynko,Y.M.,Konovalov,A.M.,Nakhodkin,M.G.","A new approach to analysis of reflection electron energy loss spectra"
"KUBO(1986)",1986,"4B09","Ion chamber calib protocol factors","Journal","Med. Phys. 13, 908-912(1986)","Kubo,H.","Determinations of N(sub)gas and P(sub)repl factors from commercially available parallel-plate chambers: AAPM task group-21 protocol"
"KUBO(1991)",1991,"4B09","Ion chamber calib,N-gas values","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 749-752(1991)","Kubo,H.","N-gas values of the Memorial parallel-plate chambers determined in Co-60 and high-energy electron beams"
"KUBOTA(2001)",2001,"4A5C","FDG-PET imaging,cancer cell metabolism glucose,amino acids","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 15, 471-486 (2001)","Kasuo Kubota","From tumor biology to clinical PET: A review of positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology (review)"
"KUCZUMOV(1992)",1992,"4C4","XRF,EPMA,PIXE,Laplac procedure","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 47B,  971-982(1992)","Kuczumov,A.,Helsen,J.A.,Wouters,R.","A uniform Laplacian procedure for x-ray fluorescence analysis, electron microprobe and particle-induced x-ray emission"
"KUCZUMOW(1999)",1999,"1C","Range,electrons (prob. density functions)","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  509-512(1999)","Kuczumow,A.","Comparison of the probability density functions for the ranges of electrons, positrons and protons"
"KUFER(2005)",2005,"4A3A","Multicriteria model of IMRT planning problem,Pareto-solutions","Journal","Berichte des Fraunhofer ITWM, Nr. 77 (2005)","Karl-Heinz Kufer, Michael Monz,Alexander Scherrer,Philipp Suss,Fernando Alonso, Ahmad Saher Azizi Sultan,Thomas Bortfeld, David Craft,Christian Thieke","Multicriteria optimization in intensity modulated radiotherapy planning"
"KUHR(1999A)",1999,"4D1","Monte Carlo,low energy electron,secondary electron spectra","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 105,257-273(1999)","Kuhr,J.-Ch.,Fitting,H.-J.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron emission from solids"
"KUHR(1999B)",1999,"4D3","Electron scattering,at low energy,Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A172,433-449(1999)","Kuhr,J.C.,Fitting,H,J.","Monte Carlo simulation of low energy electron scattering in solids"
"KUIKEN(1985)",1985,"4C5","Theoretical EBIC curves for surface-recombination velocity,diff length","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 57,2077-2090(1985)","Kuiken,H.K.,van Opdorp,C.","Evaluation of diffusion length and surface-recombination velocity from a planar-collector-geometry electron-beam-induced current scan"
"KULKARNI(1984)",1984,"4C2","Calculations of photon energy spectra of diagnostic x-ray beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 29,  185-190(1984)","Kulkarni,R.N.,Supe,S.J.","Monte Carlo calculations of mammographic x-ray spectra"
"KUMAR(1996)",1996,"1A","Photoelectric cross sections, low E","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B108,267-275(1996)","Kumar,T.K.,Venkataratnam,S.,Reddy,K.V.","Comments on theoretical limitations for experimental values of photoeffect cross sections at low energies"
"KUMAR(2005)",2005,"4C4","XRF,contribution of scattered photons,secondary excitation mode","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  80-82(2005)","Kumar,A.,Mehta,D.,SIngh,N.","A new way of measuring the contribution of scattered photons to x-ray fluorescence yields in secondary excitation mode"
"KUPRIYANOVA(1998)",1998,"4C3","Electron microprobe,low Z elements","Journal","Izvest Ak Nauk Ser Fiz 62,627--634(1998)","Kupriyanova,T.A.,Filippov,M.N.","Determination of light elements in electron probe microanalysis"
"KURATA(1997)",1997,"4E8A","Cross sections needed for quantitative micoranalysis using EELS","Journal","Micron 28,381-388(1997)","Kurata,H.,Wahlbring,P.,Ioda,S.,Kobayashi,T.","Importance of relativistic effect on inelastic scattering cross-sections for quantitative microanalysis"
"KURMAEV(2002)",2002,"4C4","XRF,short review of applications of soft x-ray emission spectroscopy","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,219-224(2002)","Kurmaev,E.Z.,Moewes,A.,Ederer,D.L.","Soft x-ray fluorescence measurements in materials science"
"KVOLS(2005)",2005,"4A6","Combining 2 modalities of cancer treatment:radiation and drug therapy","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,  187S-190S(2005)","Larry K. Kvols,","Radiation sensitizers: A selective review of molecules targeting DNA and non-DNA targets (review)"
"KWEI(1986)",1986,"1C","Low E electron stopping power in III-V compounds","Journal","J. Phys. D 19,  255-263(1986)","Kwei,C.M.,Tung,C.J.","Stopping power of semiconducting III-V compounds for low-energy electrons"
"KWEI(1988B)",1988,"1B","Inelastic mfps,III-V semiconductors","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 11,  60-63(1988)","Kwei,C.M.,Chen,L.W.","The inelastic mean free paths of electrons in semiconducting III-V compounds"
"KWEI(1997)",1997,"4E8B","REELS,Monte Carlo calculation of reflected energy loss spectra","Journal","J. Phys. D 30,   13-18(1997)","Kwei,C.M.,Su,P.,Chen,Y.F.,Tung,C.J.","Monte Carlo calculations of the reflection electron energy loss spectra in gold"
"KWEI(1998A)",1998,"4E8C","Electron backscattering,Au","Journal","J. Phys. D 31,   36-42(1998)","Kwei,C.M.,Chen,Y.F.,Tung,C.J.","Elastic reflection of low energy electrons from polycrystalline gold targets"
"KWEI(1998B)",1998,"4D1","Surface excitation parameter (plasmons) for low energy electrons","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  682-688(1998)","Kwei,C.M.,Wang,C.Y.,Tung,C.J.","Surface excitation parameters of low-energy electrons crossing solid surfaces"
"KWEI(1999A)",1999,"1B","Electron inelastic mfps, thin film on substrate","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 85,8247-8254(1999)","Kwei,C.M.,Chiou,S.Y.,Li,Y.C.","Electron inelastic interactions with overlayer systems"
"KWEI(1999B)",1999,"4E8C","EPES, spatial distribs,elast backscat electrons, Monte Carlo","Journal","J. Phys. D 32,3122-3127(1999)","Kwei,C.M.,Hung,C.J.,Su,P.,Tung,C.J.","Spatial distributions of elastically backscattered electrons from copper and silver"
"KWEI(2001)",2001,"4E8C","EPES,Monte Carlo,ang distrib of elastically backscatt electrons","Journal","Surf. Sci. 473,  50-58(2001)","Kwei,C.M.,Tsai,S.S.,Tung,C.J.","Angular distribution of electrons elastically backscattered from amorphous overlayer systems"
"KWOK(1990)",1990,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry,inhomogenity effects","Journal","Med. Phys. 17, 786-793(1990)","Kwok,C.S.,Bialobzyski,P.J.,Yu,S.K.,Prestwich,W.V.","Effect of tissue inhomogeneity on dose distribution of point sources of low-energy electrons"
"KYSER(1974)",1974,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,Monte Carlo","Journal","IBM J. Res. Dev. 18,352-363(1974)","Kyser,D.F.,Murata,K.","Quantitative electron microprobe analysis of thin films on substrates"
"KYSER(1976)",1976,"4C3","Quantitative EPMA,films on substrates,MC simulation","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p.129-138","Kyser,D.F.,Murata,K.","Application of Monte Carlo simulation to electron microprobe analysis of thin films on substrates"
"LA RIVIERE(2004)",2004,"4A5B","X-ray fluorescence computed tomography - new imaging modality","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,2391-2405(2004)","La Riviere,P.J.","Approximate analytic reconstruction in x-ray fluorescence computed tomography"
"LABAR(1991)",1991,"3E","X-ray depth distrib, nonradiat transitions","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 20,111-117(1991)","Labar,J.L.","Effect of nonradiative transitions on the number and depth distribution of generated x-ray photons"
"LABAR(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,relative line intensities importance","Journal","Microbeam Analysis 2,169-177(1993)","Lábár,J.L.,Fiori,C.E.,Myklebust,R.L.","Importance and measurement of the relative line intensities"
"LABAR(2000A)",2000,"4C3","EPMA for bulk samples","Book","EMAS 2000 -  4th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Czech Republic, pp   89-97","Labar,J.L.","Quantification of microprobe analysis for bulk homogeneous samples (tutorial)"
"LABAR(2000B)",2000,"4C3","EPMA for layers on a bulk substrate","Book","EMAS 2000 -  4th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Czech Republic, pp   99-109","Labar,J.L.","Electron probe microanalysis of stratified bulk samples (layers on a bulk substrate)(tutorial)"
"LABAR(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA, good introductory paper","Book","EMAS 2002 -  5th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today"",Szczyrk,Poland","Lábár,J.L.","Quantitative electron microprobe analysis of homogeneous bulk samples (invited paper)"
"LACHAINE(2000)",2000,"1B","Inelastic cross-sections,Se,electron-hole pair creation","Journal","J. Phys. D 33,  551-555(2000)","Lachaine,M.,Fallone,B.G.","Calculation of inelastic cross-sections for the interaction of electrons with amorphous selenium"
"LACOMBEI(2004)",2004,"4E7","DNA strand breaks induced by low keV energy heavy ions","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,  N 65-N73(2004)","Lacombe,S.,Le Sech,C.,Easulov,V.A.","DNA strand breaks induced by low keV energy heavy ions"
"LAITANO(1991)",1991,"4B10","X-ray bremsstrahlung spectra,30-300 kV,Ge detector spurious effects","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 934-938(1991)","Laitano,R.F.,Pani,R.,Pellegrini,R.","Determination of x-ray spectra and of the scattered component up to 300 kV"
"LAITANO(1993)",1993,"4B09","Ion chamber calib,correction factors","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,    39-54(1993)","Laitano,R.F.,Guerra,A.S.,Pimpinella,M.,Nystrom,H.,Karlsson,M.,Svensson,H.","Correction factors for calibration of plane-parallel ionization chambers with a Co-60 gamma-ray beam"
"LAMBIN(2003)",2003,"4E8A","Dielectric theory of hi-res EELS,survey,latest developments","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 129,281-292(2003)","Lambin,Ph.,Henrard,L.,Thiry,P.,Silien,C.,Vigneron,J.P.","The dielectric theory of HREELS, a short survey"
"LANCHESTER(2003A)",2003,"4C6","Doppler profile of H emission related to proton energy,energy flux","Journal","Annales Geophysicae 21,1629-1643(2003)","Lanchester,B.S.,Galand,M.,Robertson,S.C.,Rees,M.H.,Lummerzheim,D.,Furniss,I,Peticolas,L.M.,Frey,H.U.,Baumgardner,J.,Mendillo,M.","High resolution measurements and modeling of auroral hydrogen emission line profiles"
"LANDAU(1944)",1944,"1B","Electron energy loss (ionization)","Journal","J. Phys. USSR 8,201-$(1944)","Landau,L.","On the energy loss of fast particles by ionization"
"LANDRON(1981)",1981,"4C3","EPMA,short review","Journal","Vacuum 31,  291-295(1981)","Landron,C.","Trace detection in surface microanalysis"
"LANDRON(1991)",1991,"2C","Insulator charging,Boltz eqn,moments","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   3,6661-6671(1991)","Landron,C.","The transport-equation theory applied to the prediction of the spatial-distribution of an electron-beam in a target"
"LANKIPALLI(2001)",2001,"4C2","5 methods:expt,MC,2 semi-emp models,estimated from transmiss data","Journal","Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 30,264-269(2001)","Lankipalli,B.R.,McDavid,W.D.,Dove,S.B.,Wieckowska,E.,Waggener,R.G.,Mercier,J.R.","Comparison of five methods for the derivation of spectra for a constant potential dental X-ray unit"
"LANKOSZ(1995)",1995,"4C4","Quantitative anal of individual particles,50-160 micron,fund param meth","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 24,327-332(1995)","Lankosz,M.,Pella,P.A.","Quantitative-analysis of individual particles by x-ray microfluorescence spectrometry"
"LANKOSZ(1997)",1997,"4C4","X-ray microfluorescence,irreg glass particles,fundam param approach","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,347-349(1997)","Lankosz,M.,Pella,P.A.","A new approach to quantitative X-ray microfluorescence analysis of individual particles"
"LANTERI(1988)",1988,"2B","M.C.modeling,exoelectron spectra","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. B149,203-214(1988)","Lanteri,H.,Rostaing,P.,Bindi,R.","Monte-Carlo simulation of exoelectron energy-spectra"
"LANTTO(1975)",1975,"3B","Electron transmission,10-30 keV,copper,gold","Journal","J. Phys. D  8,1341-1352(1975)","Lantto,V.","A study of electron transmission at 10-30 keV"
"LAPICKI(2005)",2005,"4E6","Accuracy of PIXE analysis depends on inner-shell ioniz cross sects","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,269-278(2005)","Lapicki,G.","The status of theoretical K-shell ionization cross sections by protons"
"LARSEN(1992)",1992,"2B","Condensed history algorithm derivation","Journal","Annals Nucl. Energy 19,701-714(1992)","Larsen,E.W.","A theoretical derivation of the condensed history algorithm"
"LARSEN(1997)",1997,"2C","Method of moments applied to Boltzmann eqn for electron transport","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  111-125(1997)","Larsen,E.W.,Miften,M.M.,Fraass,B.A.,Bruinvis,I.A.D.","Electron dose calculations using the method of moments"
"LARSON(2005)",2005,"4A6","New biology for patient care: molecular targeted radionuclide therapy","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,     1S-3S(2005)","Steven M. Larson,Eric P. Krenning","A pragmatic perspective on molecular targeted radionuclide therapy"
"LARSSON(2005)",2005,"4A1A","GEANT4,bremsstrahlung by 50–100 MeV electrons,thin low-Z targets","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.115,503-507(2005)","Susanne Larsson, Roger Svensson, Irena Gudowska, Vladimir Ivanchenko, Anders Brahme","Radiation transport calculations for 50 MV photon therapy beam using the Monte Carlo code GEANT4"
"LASSEN(2001)",2001,"4D1","ARXPS,ARAES,new algorithms to correct for elastic scattering effects","Journal","Surf. Sci. 481,150-162(2001)","Lassen,T.S.,Tougaard,S.,Jablonski,A.","Practical correction procedures for elastic electron scattering effects in ARXPS"
"LATHROP(1985)",1985,"3C","Energy deposition algorithm","Journal","Comput. Phys. Comm.  38,389-396(1985)","Lathrop,B.L.,Wienke,B.R.","DEPOS: parametric electron energy deposition module in slabs"
"LAU(2005)",2005,"4A5C","PET/CT clinical experience in Australia (review)","Journal","Med. J. Aust. 182,172-176(2005)","Lau,W.F.E.,Binns,D.S.,Ware,R.E.,Ramdave,S.,Cahchin,F.,Pitman,A.G.,Hicks,R.J.","Clinical experience with the first combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanner in Australia"
"LAUB(2000)",2000,"4A3A","Monte Carlo with pencil beam algorithm, dose for IMRT optimization","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,1741-1454(2000)","Laub,W.,Alber,M.,Birkner,M.,Nusslin,F.","Monte Carlo dose computation for IMRT optimization"
"LAUTERBACH(1999)",1999,"3C","Energy deposition, EGS4 code calcs","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B152,212-220(1999)","Lauterbach,M.H.,Lehmann,J.,Rosenow,U.F.","Energy deposition of electrons in low-, medium- and high-Z material: Comparison of the Monte Carlo transport code EGS4 with experiment"
"LAVERNE(1992)",1992,"4E3","W values in H20 gas,calculations","Journal","Radiat. Res. 131,    1-9(1992)","LaVerne,J.A.,Mozumder,A.","Differential and Integral W-values for ionization in gaseous water under electron and proton irradiation: Consistency of inelastic collision cross sections"
"LAVERNE(1997)",1997,"4E5","M.C.track struct simul,energy deposition","Journal","J. Phys. Chem. 101,4504-4510(1997)","LaVerne,J.A.,Pimblott,S.M.","Effect of elastic collisions on energy deposition by electrons in water"
"LAVERNE(2000)",2000,"4E5","Track structure,heavy ions,H20(review article)","Journal","Radiat. Res. 153,487-496(2000)","LaVerne,J.A.","Track effects of heavy ions in liquid water (review)"
"LAX(1980)",1980,"4A1","Electron beams,high energy,collimation","Journal","Acta Radiol Oncol. 19,199-207(1980)","Lax,I.,Brahme,A.","Collimation of high energy electron beams"
"LAX(1983)",1983,"4A1","E-beam dose profiles using Gaussian beams. Improved radial profiles","Journal","Acta Radiol Suppl 364, 49-59(1983)","Lax,I.,Brahme,A.,Andreo,P.","Electron beam dose planning using Gaussian beams. Improved radial dose profiles"
"LAX(1985)",1985,"4A3A","Dose planning, gaussian electron beams","Journal","Acta Radiol Oncol. 24, 75-85(1985)","Lax,I.,Brahme,A.","Electron beam dose planning using Gaussian beams.  Energy and spatial scaling with inhomogeneities"
"LAZARO(2005)",2005,"4A1C","SPECT:Accurate MC simulations in 3D reconstruction","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,3739–3754(2005)","Lazaro,D.,El Bitar,Z.,Breton,V.,Hil,D.,Buvat,I.","Fully 3D Monte Carlo reconstruction in SPECT: a feasibility study"
"LAZO(1986)",1986,"2C","Discrete ordinates method,linear discontinuous Galerkin,CSD operator","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  92,  98-109(1986)","Lazo,M.S.,Morel,J.E.","A linear discontinuous Galerkin approximation for the continuous slowing down operator"
"LAZURIK(1996)",1996,"3D","Charge deposition (electron)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B108,276-281(1996)","Lazurik,V.,Moskvin,V.","Monte Carlo calculation of charge-deposition depth profile in slabs irradiated by electrons"
"LAZURIK(1997A)",1997,"3D","Charge deposition (electron)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 44,1065-1069(1997)","Lazurik,V.,Moskvin,V.","Charge deposition distributions in targets irradiated by electrons"
"LAZURIK(1997B)",1997,"3D","Electron absorption in thin slabs","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 44,1070-1075(1997)","Lazurik,V.,Moskvin,V.","Absorption of fast electrons in thin slabs"
"LAZURIK(1998A)",1998,"1C","Electron penetration,avg. depth","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 45,  626-631(1998)","Lazurik,V.,Moskvin,V.,Tabata,T.","Average depths of electron penetration: Use as characteristic depths of exposure"
"LAZURIK(1998B)",1998,"3B","Electron penetration,dependence of R(avg) on angle of incidence","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 45,  910-914(1998)","Lazurik,V.,Moskvin,V.,Rogorv,Y.Tabata,T.","Average depths of electron penetration (II): Angular dependence and use to evaluate secondary-electron yield by photons"
"LAZURIK(1998C)",1998,"3D","Charge deposition (electron)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B134,   1-12(1998)","Lazurik,V.,Moskvin,V.","A study of primary electron charge deposition near the surface of a target by Monte Carlo simulation"
"LAZURIK(2001)",2001,"3A","Web database,can calculate various electron transport quantities","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 60,  161(2001)","Lazurik,V.,Tabata,T.,Lazurik,V.","A database for electron-material interactions"
"LEAKEAS(2001)",2001,"2B","Particle transport with highly forward-peaked scattering","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 137,236-250(2001).","Leakeas,C.L.,,Larsen,E.W.","Generalized Fokker-Planck approximations of particle transport with highly forward-peaked scattering"
"LEAMY(1982)",1982,"4C5","EBIC review,theory & expt","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 53,   51R-80R(1982)","Leamy,H.J.","Charge collection scanning electron microscopy"
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"LEAPMAN(1993)",1991,"4E8A","STEM,EELS - unprecedented sensitivity for elemental analysis","Journal","Anal. Chem. 65, 2409-2414(1993)","Leapman,R.D.,Newbury,D.E.","Trace element analysis at nanometer spatial resolution by parallel-detection electron energy loss spectroscopy"
"LECHNER(1996)",1996,"4E1","Detectors,silicon","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A377,206-208(1996)","Lechner,P.,Hartmann,R.,Soltau,H.,Struder,L.","Pair creation energy and Fano factor of silicon in the energy range of soft x-rays"
"LEE(1993)",1993,"4E6","Proton treatment planning model (empirical)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,  989-998(1993)","Lee,M.,Nahum,A.E.,Webb,S.","An empirical method to build up a model of proton dose distribution for a radiotherapy treatment-planning package"
"LEE(1995)",1995,"4E7","3D Monte Carlo simulation,Ga+ ion penetration:amorphous Se75Ge25","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 78,5975-5980(1995)","Lee,H.-Y.,Chung,H.-B.","Three-dimensional Monte Carlo calculation of Ga+ ion penetration in an a-Se75Ge25 thin film"
"LEE(1996A)",1996,"3A","Backscattering, Auger yield","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 24,    15-22(1996)","Lee,C.L.,Kong,K.Y.,Gong,H.,Ong,C.K.","Backscattering factor for KLL Auger yield from film-substrate systems"
"LEE(1996B)",1996,"3A","Backscattering, Auger yield","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 24,  428-428(1996)","Lee,C.L.","Backscattering factor for KLL Auger yield from film-substrate systems (Vol 24,pg 15,1996)"
"LEE(1999)",1999,"4C7","3-D low energy e-beam lithography simulation models,results","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B17,2903-2906(1999)","Lee,Y.,Lee,W.,Chun,K.,Kim,H.","New three dimensional simulator for low energy (~1 keV) electron beam systems"
"LEE(2001)",2001,"4A3B","Electron beam IMRT,Monte Carlo based treatment planning","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 46,2177-2199(2001)","Lee M.C.,Deng,J.,Li,J.,Jiang,S.B.,Ma,C.M.","Monte Carlo based treatment planning for modulated electron beam radiation therapy"
"LEE(2002)",2002,"4D1","XPS/AES,data:line positions,chem shifts,doublet splittings,etc.(color)","Journal","Data Science Journal 1,  1-12(2002)","Lee,A.Y.,Blakeslee,D.M.,Powell,C.J.,Rumble,J.R.","Development of the web-based NIST x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) database"
"LEE(2003)",2003,"3C","Energy loss model & algorithm,dose deposition in slab","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,  259-273(2003)","Lee,T.K.,Sandison,G.A.","The energy-dependent electron loss model: backscattering and application to heterogeneous slab media"
"LEE(2005)",2005,"4C7","Flexible,efficient method for proximity effect correction","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  919-926(2005)","Lee,S-Y.","A flexible and efficient approach to E-beam proximity effect correction - PYRAMID"
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"LEGARDA(1995A)",1995,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46, 443-444(1995)","Legarda,F.,Idoeta,R.,Herranz,M.","The P1 approximation in the transport of beta rays"
"LEGARDA(1995B)",1995,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry,P1 transport theory","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B103,429-434(1995)","Legarda,F.,Idoeta,R.","Calculation of beta-ray attenuation coefficients through thin foils"
"LEGARDA(2001)",2001,"4C1","Positron transport,thin foils,Monte Carlo","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 61,  549-551(2001)","Legard,F.,Idoeta,R.","Monte Carlo transport of electrons and positrons through thin foils"
"LEGGE(1997)",1997,"4E7","Review,ion microbeams","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B130,    9-19(1997)","Legge,G.J.F.","A history of ion microbeams"
"LEHMANN(2005)",2005,"4A3A","Treatment planning for molecular targeted radiotherapy with MINERVA","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,  947–958(2005)","Joerg Lehmann,Christine Hartmann Siantar,Daniel E.Wessol,Charles A. Wemple,David Nigg,Josh Cogliati,Tom Daly,Marie-Anne Descalle,Terry Flickinger,David Pletcher,Gerald DeNardo","Monte Carlo treatment planning for molecular targeted radiotherapy within the MINERVA system"
"LEICHNER(1993A)",1993,"4B03","Beta ray dosimetry in radioimmunotherapy,calculational methods","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,  529-534(1993)","Peter K. Leichner,Cheuk S. Kwok","Tumor dosimetry in radioimmunotherapy: Methods of calculation for beta particles"
"LEICHNER(1993B)",1993,"4A5A","Radioimmunotherapy,imaging,treatment planning,overview","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,  569-577(1993)","Peter K. Leichner,Kenneth F. Koral,Ronald J. Jaszczak,Alan J. Green,George T. Y. Chen,John C. Roeske","An overview of imaging techniques and physical aspects of treatment planning in radioimmunotherapy (review)"
"LEICHNER(1994)",1994,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 35,1721-1729(1994)","Leichner,P.K.","A unified approach to photon and beta particle dosimetry"
"LELIVELD(1994)",1994,"4B02","Photon transport,M.C.simulation","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 41,290-294(1994)","Leliveld,C.J.,Maas,J.G.,van Eijk,C.W.E.,Bom,V.R.","On the significance of scattered radiation in industrial x-ray computerized tomographic imaging"
"LENNARD(1995)",1995,"4C1","Stopping power, positron","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   74,3947-3950(1995)","Lennard,W.N.,Massoumi,G.R.,Schultz,P.J.,Simpson,P.J.,Aers,G.C.","Stopping powers for positrons and electrons"
"LESCH(1998)",1998,"4C3","Depth profiling,sputter,EPMA,expt","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,133-139(1998)","Lesch,N.,Richter,S.,Karduck,P.","EPMA sputter depth profiling, Part II: Experiment"
"LESIAK(1989)",1989,"4D1","Inelastic mfp,exptl determination","Journal","Surf. Sci. 223,  213-232(1989)","Lesiak,B.,Jablonski,A.,Prussak,Z.,Mrozek,P.","Experimental determination of the inelastic mean free path of electrons in solids"
"LESIAK(1998)",1998,"4D1","Electron mean free paths (inelastic)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  400-411(1998)","Lesiak,B.,Jablonski,A.,Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.","Determination of the inelastic mean free paths of electrons in copper and copper oxides by elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES)"
"LESIAK(1999)",1999,"4E8C","EPES,inelastic mfp values for an organic,200-5000 eV range","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 144-145,168-172(1999)","Lesiak,B.,Kosinski,A.,Krawczyk,M.,Zommer,L.,Jablonski,A.,Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.,Kover,L.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Cserny,I.","Determination of the electron inelastic mean free path in polyacetylene by elastic peak electron spectroscopy using different spectrometers"
"LESIAK(2004A)",2004,"4D1","XPS,Auger,AuPd alloys,overlapping spectra (ECASIA '03)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  793-797(2004)","Lesiak,B.,Jozwik,A.","Quantitative analysis of AuPd alloys from the shape of XPS spectra by the fuzzy rule"
"LESIAK(2004B)",2004,"4E8C","EPES,IMFP,Ti,grain size effects","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  816-819(2004)","Lesiak,B.,Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.,Cernansky,M.","Elastic electron backscattering from Ti: grain size effect"
"LESIAK(2005)",2005,"4D1","XPS study of CoPD alloys, pattern recognition method","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1143-1150(2005)","Lesiak,B.,Biliski,A.,Józwik,A.","X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the pattern recognition method - their application to surface studies in CoPd alloys"
"LESIAK(2006)",2006,"4E8C","EPES,line shape analysis,backscattering,inelastic scattering,etc.","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,1204-1210(2006)","Lesiak,B.,Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.,Jozwik,A.","Studies of AuNi alloys by electron spectroscopies with the aid of the line shape analysis by the pattern recognition method"
"LESIMPLE(2000)",2000,"4E5","Electron detectors for track nanodosimetry,a priori prob distr of ioniz","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  87,  93-100(2000)","Lesimple,M.","Baynesian analysis of data for a stochastic detector"
"LEUNG(1993)",1993,"4C1","Study of MOS structures using variable energy positron beams","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 73,  168-184(1993)","Leung,T.C.,Asoka-Kumar,P.,Nielsen,B.,Lynn,B.G.","Study of SiO2-Si and metal-oxide-semiconductor structures using positrons"
"LEVEQUE(1995)",1995,"4D1","AES,thin film,backscattering correction","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  89,211-219(1995)","Leveque,G.,Bonnet,J.","Quantitative correction of backscattering in Auger electron spectroscopy of thin films"
"LEVIN(1999)",1999,"4A5C","Positron range,PET spatial resolution","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,  781-799(1999)","Levin,C.S.,Hoffman,E.J.","Calculation of positron range and its effect on the fundamental limit of positron emission tomography system spatial resolution"
"LEVINE(2003A)",2002,"4E9","STEM,hi-res tomography based on electron microscopy","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 82,3943-3945(2003)","Levine,Z.H.","Tomography in the multiple scattering regime of the scanning transmission electron microscope"
"LEVINE(2003B)",2003,"4E9","TEM,imaging integrated circuit interconnects in E-D with x-rays","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 93,2193-2197(2003)","Levine,Z.H.,Gao,J.J.,Neogi,S.,Levin,T.M.,Scott,J.H.,Grantham,S.","Parallax measurements of integrated circuit interconnects using a scanning transmission electron microscope"
"LEVINE(2003C)",2003,"1A","X-ray abs coeff,W,Ta,for 2-D,3-D x-ray images of IC interconnects","Journal","J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.108,  1-10(2003)","Levine,Z.H.,Gao,J.J.,Neogi,S.,Levin,T.M.,Scott,J.H.,Grantham,S.","Mass absorption coefficient of tungsten and tantalum,1450 eV to 2350 eV: Experiment"
"LEVINE(2004)",2004,"4E9","TEM,metrology,x-ray imaging of IC interconnects","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 95,  405-407(2004)","Levine,Z.H.,Patterson,D.J.,McNulty,I.,Noyan,I.C.,Levin,T.M.","Imaging material components of an integrated circuit interconnect"
"LEWANDOWSKA-ROBAK(2007)",2007,"4C2","Theoretical studies are crucial for analysis of Pb K x-ray spectra","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 36,  66-71(2007)","Lewandowska-Robak,M.,Marek Polasik,M.","Theoretical shapes of K x-ray spectra for lead as predicted by MCDF calculations"
"LEWINGTON(2005)",2005,"4A6","Beta, electron, alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceuticals reviewed","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,    38S-47S(2005)","Val J. Lewington","Bone-seeking radionuclides for therapy (review)"
"LEWIS(1950)",1950,"2C","Original Spencer-Lewis equation paper","Journal","Phys. Rev.   78,  526-529(1950)","Lewis,H.W.","Multiple scattering in an infinite medium"
"LEWIS(1997)",1997,"4A1","Synchr x-rays,medical applics(review)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,1213-1243(1997)","Lewis,R.","Medical applications of synchrotron radiation x-rays (review)"
"LEWIS(2000)",2000,"4A3A","Monte Carlo benchmarking,photon dose from 2D,3D planning systems","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,1755-1764(2000)","Lewis,R.D.,Ryde,S.J.S.,Seaby,A.W.,Hancock,D.A.,Evans,C.J.","Use of Monte Carlo computation in benchmarking radiotherapy treatment planning system algorithms"
"LI(1992)",1992,"2F","3-D transport modelling","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  667-677(1992)","Li,Z.F.,Williamson,J.F.","Volume-based geometric modeling for radiation transport calculations"
"LI(1993)",1993,"4B03","Brachytherapy dose distribs,Monte Carlo photon transport simulation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,1325-1840(1993)","Li,Z.,Williamson,J.F.,Perera,H.","Monte Carlo calculation of kerma to a point in the vicinity of media interfaces"
"LI(1995)",1995,"2B","Electron mass scattering powers,EGS4 Monte Carlo,Moliere theory","Journal","Med. Phys. 22, 531-541(1995)","Li,X.A.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Electron mass scattering powers: Monte Carlo and analytical calculations"
"LI(1997)",1997,"4B09","Dosimetry for kilovoltage x-ray beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,2561-2568(1997)","Li,X.A.,Ma,C.M.,Salhani,D.","Measurement of percentage depth-dose and lateral beam profile for kilovoltage x-ray therapy beams"
"LI(1999)",1999,"4B07","Dose enhancement at interfaces (due to a thin high Z foil)","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,1245-1251(1999)","Li,X.A.,Chu,J.C.H.,Chen,W.,Zusag,T.","Dose enhancement by a thin foil of high-Z material: A Monte Carlo study"
"LI(2000A)",2000,"4B07","EGS4 study of air cavity/water;dose perturb depends on many params","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,1011-1017(2000)","Li,Z.A.,Yu,C.,Holmes,T.","A systematic evaluation of air cavity dose perturbation in megavoltage x-ray beams"
"LI(2000B)",2000,"4A3A","Monte Carlo code,MDDOSE,for radiotherapy treatment planning","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,2969-2985(2000)","Li,J.S.,Pawlicki,T.,Deng,J.,Jiang,S.B.,Mok,E.,Ma,C.M.","Validation of a Monte Carlo dose calculation tool for radiotherapy treatment planning"
"LI(2005)",2005,"2B","New MC model to treat nanostructures with electron mfp sizes","Journal","Scanning 27,254–267(2005)","Li,H.M.,Ding.Z.J.","Monte Carlo simulation of secondary electron and backscattered electron images in scanning electron microscopy for specimen with complex geometric structure"
"LIANG(1998)",1998,"4E7","Ions,lateral range straggling,4 moments","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B134,157-160(1998)","Liang,J.H.","Theoretical formulation for calculating lateral spread of implanted ions"
"LIEBAULT(2003)",2003,"4B11","E-beam charging of dielectric layers,measurement techniques","Journal","J. Non-Crystal. Sol. 322,213-218(2003)","Liebault,J.,Zarbout,K.,Moya,G.,Kallel,A.","Advanced measurement techniques of space-charge induced by an electron beam irradiation in thin dielectric layers"
"LIFSHIN(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,minimizing errors,description of many error sources","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   7, 168-177(2001)","Lifshin,E.,Gauvin,R.","Minimizing errors in electron microprobe analysis"
"LILENSTEN(1998)",1998,"4C6","Boltz eq solved for electrons,protons,H atoms for particle fluxes","Journal","Annales Geophysicae 16,1299-1307(1998)","Lilensten,J.,Galand,M.","Proton-electron precipitation effects on the electron production and density above EISCAT (Tromso) and ESR"
"LILJEQUIST(1978)",1978,"2A","Backscat,transm,simplif M.C.models","Journal","J. Phys. D 11, 839-858(1978)","Liljequist,D.","Simplified models for the Monte Carlo simulation of energy distributions of keV electrons transmitted or back-scattered in various solids"
"LILJEQUIST(1983A",1983,"1B","Inelastic mean free path, calculation","Journal","J. Phys. D 16,1567-1582(1983)","Liljequist,D.","A simple calculation of inelastic mean free path and stopping power for 50 eV-50 keV electrons in solids"
"LILJEQUIST(1983B)",1983,"1C","Plural,multiple electron scattering,key parameters","Journal","Scanning Electron Micros. 1983,III,1019-1033(1983)","Liljequist,D.","A discussion of the parameters of primary importance in plural and multiple electron scattering and energy loss"
"LILJEQUIST(1985)",1985,"1B","Energy loss distributions","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 57,  657-665(1985)","Liljequist,D.","Simple generalized oscillator strength density model applied to the simulation of keV electron energy loss distributions"
"LILJEQUIST(1987A)",1987,"1C","Multiple scattering processes, critical path length for","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 62,  333-341(1987)","Liljequist,D..","Critical path length for the similarity of elastic multiple scattering processes"
"LILJEQUIST(1987B)",1987,"1B","Transport mfp,electron penetration","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 62,  342-350(1987)","Liljequist,D.,Ismail,M.","Transport mean free path related to trajectory patterns: comparison of nonrelativistic and highly relativistic electron penetration through matter"
"LILJEQUIST(1998)",1998,"2A","Electron escape probability from surface","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B142,295-307(1998)","Liljequist,D.","Escape probability of low energy electrons and positrons emitted in random directions beneath a plane solid surface"
"LIM(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Optimization in radiation treatment planning (thesis)","Thesis","Ph.D.Thesis,2002,Univ. of Wisconsin,179 pages","Lim,J.","Optimization in radiation treatment planning"
"LIN(1996)",1996,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,empir formula","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 48,  389-401(1996)","Lin,U.T.,Jiang,S.H.","A dedicated empirical formula for gamma-ray buildup factors for a point isotropic source in stratified shields"
"LIN(2005A)",2005,"4A1B","MC,10 MeV e-beam,effect of varying field size, SSD on calculated dose","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 28,165-171 (2005)","H. Lin, D. S. Wu, A. D. Wu","Effects of internal and external scatter on the build-up characteristics of Monte Carlo calculated absorbed dose for electron irradiation"
"LIN(2005B)",2005,"4D3","SE yield vs primary energy for 44 elements,peaks seen in plots vs Z","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  895-900(2005)","Lin,Y.,Joy,D.C.","A new examination of secondary electron yield data"
"LIND(2003)",2003,"4A3B","IMRT,important to model radiat response accurately,repairable damage","Journal","Radiat. Res. 160,366-375(2003)","Lind,B.K.,Persson,L.M.,Edgren,M.R.,Hedlof,I.,Brahme,A.","Repairable-conditionally repairable damage model based on dual Poisson processes"
"LINDBORG(1990)",1990,"4E4","Steepness of dose-response curves depends statistics of cell killing","Journal","Radiat. Res. 124,S23-S28(1990)","Lindborg,L.,Brahme,A.","Influence of microdosimetric quantities on observed dose-response relationships in radiation therapy"
"LINDGREN(2004)",2004,"4D1","Review of chemical shifts in x-ray and photo-electron spectroscopy","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140,   59-71(2004)","Lindgren,I.","Chemical shifts in X-ray and photo-electron spectroscopy: a historical review"
"LINDHARD(1954)",1954,"1B","Electron energy loss,dielectric theor model","Journal","K. Danske Vidensk.Selsk.Mat.-Fys. Medd., 28, No. 8 (1954)","Lindhard,J.","On the properties of a gas of charged particles"
"LINKE(2000)",2000,"4C4","XRF & EPMA, Austrian medieval silver/copper coins studied","Journal","Microchim. Acta 133, 165-170 (2000)","Robert Linke, Manfred Schreiner","Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis and x-ray microanalysis of medieval silver coins. An analytical approach for non-destructive investigation of corroded metallic artifacts"
"LINSMEIER(1994)",1994,"4D1","AES (review)","Journal","Vacuum 45,  673-690(1994)","Linsmeier,C.","Auger electron spectroscopy (review)"
"LISCUM-POWELL(2002)",2002,"2C","FE solution,self-adjoint angular flux eqs for coupled elect/phot transport","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 142,270-291(2002)","Liscum-Powell,J.,Prinja,A.K.,Morel,J.E.,Lorence,L.J.","Finite element solution of the self-adjoint angular flux equations for coupled electron-photon transport (this also seems to be available as a Sandia Technical Report)"
"LIU(1993)",1993,"4A3A","Inverse radiation therapy planning","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,1809-1824(1993)","Liu,H.H.,Mackie,T.R.,McCullough,E.C.","Two accurate algorithms for calculating the energy fluence profile in inverse radiation therapy planning"
"LIU(2000)",1998,"1B","K-ionization cross sections,experimental,review and tables","Journal","At Dat Nucl Dat Tables 76,213-234(2000)","Liu,M.,An,Z.,Tang,C.,Luo,Z.,Peng,X.,Long,X.","Experimental electron-impact K-shell ionization cross sections"
"LIU(2004)",2004,"4C4","XRF spectra of palladium compounds","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 59B,    93-99(2004)","Liu,Z.,Yuge,K.,Kawai,J.","High resolution L X-ray fluorescence spectra of palladium compounds"
"LIU(2005)",2005,"2H","CAD - Monte Carlo interface code,Mcam=“MCNP Automatic Modeling”","Journal","Fusion Engin. & Design 75-79.1275-1279 (2005 )","XiaoPing Liu,YueTong Luo,LiLi Tong","Development and application of MCNP auto-modeling tool: Mcam 3.0"
"LIVESEY(1994)",1994,"4D1","XPS,depth profiles,max entropy analysis","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  67,439-461(1994)","Livesey,A.K.,Smith,G.C.","The determination of depth profiles from angle-dependent XPS using maximum entropy data analysis"
"LI-XING(1984)",1984,"4C4","XRF,improved derivation of theoretical equations of Shiraiwa & Fujino","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 13,  52-54(1984)","Bloomfield,D.J.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Theoretical derivation of fluorescent x-ray intensities in x-ray fluorescence spectrochemical analysis"
"LJUNDBERG(2002)",2002,"4A5A","Patient-specific 3-D absorbed dose based on SPECT measurements","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 43,1101–1109 (2002)","Michael Ljungberg, Katarina Sjogreen, Xiaowei Liu, Eric Frey, Yuni Dewaraja, Sven-Erik Strand","A 3-dimensional absorbed dose calculation method based on quantitative SPECT for radionuclide therapy: evaluation for 131I Using Monte Carlo simulation"
"LLOVET(1996)",1996,"4C3","Microanalysis,M.C. model","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,409-417(1996)","Llovet,X.,Riveros,A.,Salvat,F.","Application of a new Monte Carlo simulation algorithm to electron probe microanalysis"
"LLOVET(1998)",1998,"4C3","Surface ionization (expt, M.C.simul)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,155-161(1998)","Llovet,X.,Merlet,C.,Salvat,F.F.","Surface ionization of thin films on substrates: measurement and simulation"
"LLOVET(2000A)",2002,"1B","Expt, K-shell ionization cross sections,Cr,Ni,Cu","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33, 3761-3772(2000)","Llovet,X.,Merlet,C.,Salvat,F.","Measurements of K-shell ionization cross sections of Cr, Ni and Cu by electron impact of 6.5-40 keV electrons"
"LLOVET(2000B)",2000,"1B","Ioniz cross section measured for Te,Au,Bi on an electron microprobe","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 163-171(2000)","Llovet,X.,Merlet,C.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Salvat,F.","Relative cross sections for L- and M-shell ionization by electron impact"
"LLOVET(2000C)",2000,"4C3","X-ray spectra of small Cu particles in Fe-containing slags,PENELOPE","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 205-212(2000)","Llovet,X.,Valovirta,E.,Heikinheimo,E.","Monte Carlo simulation of secondary fluorescence in small particles and at phase boundaries"
"LLOVET(2002)",2002,"1B","Expt,K-shell ionization cross sections,Fe,Mn","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35,  973-982(2002)","Llovet,X.,Merlet,C.,Salvat,F.","Measurements of absolute cross sections for K-shell ionization of Fe and Mn by electron impact"
"LLOVET(2003)",2003,"4C2","X-ray spectrum prediction, PENELOPE","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 93,3844-3851(2003)","Llovet,X.,Sorbier,L.,Campos,C.S.,Acosta,E.,Salvat,F.","Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray spectra generated by kilo-electron-volt electrons"
"LLOVET(2004A)",2004,"4C3","Introduction to the 8th EMAS workshop","Journal","Microchim. Acta 145,    1-2(2004)","Llovet,X.,Salvat, F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.","Modern developments and applications in microbeam analysis.  Proceedings of the 8th Workshop of the European Microbeam Analysis Society (EMAS), Chiclana de la Frontera,Spain, May 18-22, 2003"
"LLOVET(2004B)",2004,"4C3","MC simulation,radiative processes,EPMA examples","Journal","Microchim. Acta 145,111-120(2004)","Llovet,X.,Salvat, F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport and x-ray generation. II. Radiative processes and examples in electron probe microanalysis"
"LLOVET(2004C)",2004,"4C3","X-ray emisson by low-enegy (keV) electrons","Conference","RPD meeting in Madeira 2004","Llovet,X.","X-ray emission by low-energy (keV) electrons"
"LLOVET(2005A)",2005,"2H","A summary","Journal","Micros & Microanalysis 11,SO2,1280-1281(2005)","X Llovet, J M Fernández-Varea, J Sempau, F Salvat","PENELOPE-2005. A Monte Carlo code system suitable for simulation of x-ray spectra"
"LLOVET(2005B)",2005,"2H","Interaction models,transport algorithms in PENELOPE,50 eV-1 GeV","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1054-1058(2005)","Llovet,X.,Fernández-Varea,J.M.,Sempau,J.,Salvat,F.","Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray emission using the general-purpose code PENELOPE"
"LO(1995)",1995,"4C7","Electron beam lithography","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B13,2980-2985(1995)","Lo,C.W.,Lo,W.K.,Rooks,M.J.,Isaacson,M.,Craighead,H.G.,Novembre,A.E.","Studies of 1 and 2 keV electron beam lithography using silicon containing P(Si-CMS) resist"
"LOCKWOOD(1975)",1975,"3C","Electron energy,charge albedos for Be,Al,TI,Mo,Ta,U;0.1-1.0 MeV","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 22,2537-2542(1975)","Lockwood,G.J.,Miller,G.H.,Halbleib,J.A.","Simultaneous integral measurement of electron energy and charge albedos"
"LOCKWOOD(1978)",1978,"3C","Electron transport in C/U/C multilayers,semiinfinite U,<=1 MeV","Report","Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND78-1186J(1978)","Lockwood,G.J.,Halbleib,J.A.,Sr.,Miller,G.H.","Electron transport in reactor materials"
"LOCKWOOD(1980)",1980,"3C","Electron energy depos,M.C. vs expt","Report","Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND79-0414(1980)","Lockwood,G.J.,Ruggles,L.E.,Miller,G.H.,Halbleib,J.A.","Calorimetric measurement of electron energy deposition in extended media - theory versus measurement"
"LOCKWOOD(1981)",1981,"3A","Energy,charge albedos,expt vs M.C.","Report","Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND80-1968(1981)","Lockwood,G.J.,Ruggles,L.E.,Miller,G.H.,Halbleib,J.A.","Electron energy and charge albedos - calorimetric measurement vs Monte Carlo theory"
"LOMAX(2003)",2000,"4E6","Photon,proton IMRT plans calculated for sinus; protons were better","Journal","Radiother. Oncol 66,  11-18(2003)","Lomax,A.J.Goitein,M.,Adams,J.","Intensity modulation in radiotherapy: photons versus protons in the paranasal sinus"
"LONG(1990)",1990,"1B","K-ioniz cross sections","Journal","At Dat Nucl Dat Tables 45, 353-366(1990)","Long,X.,Liu,M.,Ho,F.,Pent,X.","Cross sections for K-shell ionization by electron impact"
"LOPES(1995)",1995,"4A5C","Performance of liquid xenon PET detector prototype,MC simulation","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 42,2298-2302(1995)","Lopes,M.I.,Chepel,V.,Carvalho,J.C.,Ferreira Marques,R.,Policarpo,A.J.P.L.","Performance analysis based on a Monte Carlo simulation of a liquid xenon PET detector"
"LORENCE(1985)",1985,"2C","Discrete ordinates code","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 32,4416-4420(1985)","Lorence,L.J.,Nelson,W.E.,Morel,J.E.","Coupled electron-photon transport calculations using the method of discrete ordinates"
"LORENCE(1988A)",1988,"4B08","X-ray photoemission calculations with CEPXS/ONETRAN","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 35,1288-1293(1988)","Lorence,L.J.,Jr.","Electron photoemission predictions with CEPXS/ONETRAN"
"LORENCE(1988B)",1988,"4B08","X-ray photoem calcs,CEPXS/ONETRAN","Journal","J. Radiation Effects 6,31-36(1988)","Lorence,L.J.,Jr.","Deterministic calculation of electron emission"
"LORENCE(1992A)",1992,"2C","CEPXS/ONELD discrete ordinates code","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 39,1031-1034(1992)","Lorence,L.J.","CEPXS/ONELD version 2.0: a discrete ordinates code package for general one-dimensional coupled electron-photon transport"
"LORENCE(1992B)",1992,"2C","CEPXS/ONELD 1-D discrete ords code","Report","ORNL/RSIC-54,pp. 83-$(1992)","Lorence,L.J.,Morel,J.E.","CEPXS/ONELD: a one-dimensional coupled electron-photon transport discrete ordinates code package"
"LORENCE(1995A)",1995,"2B","ITS, adjoint electron/photon Monte Carlo","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 42,1895-1901(1995)","Lorence,L.J.,Kensek,R.P.,Halbleib,J.A.,Morel,J.E.","Adjoint electron-photon transport Monte Carlo calculations with ITS"
"LORENCE(1995B)",1995,"2B","ITS, adjoint calcs w CEPXS cross sects","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,339-340(1995)","Lorence,L.J.,Kensek,R.P.,Halbleib,J.A.","Adjoint ITS calculations using the CEPXS electron-photon cross sections"
"LORENCE(1997)",1997,"2C","IEEE-NSREC short course on CEPXS/ONELD and applications","Report","SAND97-2135 Sept 1997","Lorence,L,J.,Jr.,Beutler,D.E.","Radiation transport phenomena and modeling Part A: Codes Part B: Applications and Examples"
"LOSIC(1998)",1998,"4C3","EPMA,standardless,stopping power factor","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,321-324(1998)","Losic,B.I.,Tabak,F.A.","Stopping power factor for standardless QEPMA"
"LOUIS(1992)",1999,"4A5A","Medical imaging techniques,mathematical framework","Journal","Inverse Problems   8,  709-738(1992))","Louis,A.K.","Medical imaging: state of the art and future development"
"LOVE(1974A)",1974,"4C3","EPMA,oxygen,thin film model","Journal","J. Phys. D  7,2131-2141(1974)","Love,G.,Cox,M.G.C.,Scott,V.D.","Electron probe microanalysis using oxygen x-rays: I. Mass absorption coefficients"
"LOVE(1975)",1975,"4C3","EPMA,absorption correction models","Journal","J. Phys. D  8,1686-1702(1975)","Love,G.,Cox,M.G.C.,Scott,V.D.","Assessment of Philibert's absorption correction models in electron probe microanalysis"
"LOVE(1977)",1977,"4C3","EPMA,simplified MC method,calculates Phi(rho*x),key article","Journal","J. Phys. D 10,    7-23(1977)","Love,G.,Cox,MG.,Scott,V.D.","A simple Monte Carlo method for simulating electron-solid interactions and its application to electron probe microanalysis"
"LOVE(1978A)",1978,"4C3","EPMA,atomic number correction procedure","Journal","J. Phys. D 11,    7-21(1978)","Love,G.,Cox,M.G.,Scott,V.D.","A versatile atomic number correction for electron-probe microanalysis"
"LOVE(1978B)",1978,"3E","Surf Ioniz funct, Monte Carlo approach","Journal","J. Phys. D 11,  23-31(1978)","Love,G.,Cox,MG.,Scott,V.D.","Surface ionization function phi(0) derived using a Monte Carlo method"
"LOVE(1978C)",1978,"4C3","EPMA,new atomic number,absorption correction procedure","Journal","J. Phys. D 11,1369-1376(1978)","Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Evaluation of a new correction procedure for quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"LOVE(1981)",1981,"4C3","EPMA,correction procedures(nice exposition!)","Journal","Scanning   4,111-130(1981)","Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Updating correction procedures in quantitative electron-probe microanalysis"
"LOVE(1984)",1984,"4C3","EPMA,absorption correction factor","Journal","J. de Phys. 45, 21-24(1984)","Love,G.,Sewell,D.A.,Scott,V.D.","An improved absorption correction for quantitative analysis"
"LOVE(1994)",1994,"4C3","Matrix corrections in EPMA","Journal","Microbeam Analysis 3,239-250(1994)","Love,G.","Matrix corrections in EPMA"
"LOVE(1998)",1998,"2H","EGS4,MCNP Monte Carlo code comparison","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,1351-1357(1998)","Love,P.A.,Lewis,D.G.,Alaffan,I.A.M.,Smith,C.W.","Comparison of EGS4 and MCNP Monte Carlo codes when calculating radiotherapy depth doses"
"LOVE(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,review","Journal","J. Microsc. 201,    1- (1998)","Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Electron probe microanalysis using soft x-rays - a review.  Part 1: Instrumentation, spectrum processing and detection sensitivity"
"LOVE(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,latest hardware and software developments","Journal","Microchim. Acta 138, 115-124(2002)","Love,G.","EPMA present and future"
"LOVELOCK(1995)",1995,"4A1A","Monte Carlo model (McRad),photon beams,photon therapy","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1387-1394(1995)","Lovelock,D.M.,Chui,C.S.,Mohan,R.","A Monte Carlo model of photon beams used in radiation therapy"
"LOW(1998)",1998,"4A3A","3D dose distributions","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  656-661(1998)","Low,D.A.,Harmas,W.B.,Mutic,S.,Purdy,J.A.","A technique for the quantitative evaluation of dose distributions"
"LOWE(1975)",1975,"4B07","Co-60 dose enhancement,Al/Au,Al,Be,as function of incidence angle","Report","AFCRL-TR-75-0204","Lowe,L.F.,Taylor,W.C.,Cappelli,A.R.","Interface dose as a function of angle of incidence for aluminum-gold and aluminum-beryllium slabs"
"LOWE(1982)",1982,"4B07","Dose enhancement measmnts, in Al/Au attenuated by wax,Al,steel,Pb","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 29,1992-1995(1982)","Lowe,L.F.,Cappelli,J.R.,Burke,E.A.","Dosimetry errors in Co-60 gamma cells due to transition zone phenomena"
"LOWE-D(1975)",1975,"4B07","Simple theory to predict dose distributions at material interfaces","Journal","J. Inst. Nuc. Eng. 19,191-194(1975)","Lowe,D.","Transition zone dosimetry and its application to reactor shield surveys"
"LOWE-D(1978)",1978,"4B07","Interface dosimetry","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 51,    60-61(1978)","Lowe,D.","Interface dosimetry"
"LOWE-D(1979)",1979,"4B06","Cavity correction factor theory","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 24,  162-165(1979)","Lowe,D.","The application of cavity theory to the dosimetry of electron fields"
"LOWNEY(1995)",1995,"2B","MC,SEM measurement of dimensions of microlithographic features","Journal","Scanning 17,281-286(1995)","Lowney,J.R.","Use of Monte Carlo modeling for interpreting scanning electron microscope linewidth measurements"
"LU(1995)",1995,"4A1B","E-beam,depth-dose measurement in non-water phantoms","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,2083-2091(1995)","Lu,X.Q.,Chin,L.M.","A direct approach for the determination of absorbed dose from electron beams using non-water phantoms"
"LUI(2003)",2003,"4C6","Overview of magnetic storms & magnetospheric substorms,models for","Journal","Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 14,221-240(2003)","Lui,A.T.Y.","A brief review of space weather disturbances"
"LUI(2004)",2004,"4C6","New technique to predict auroral activity based on 9000 identified sites","Journal","Physics of Plasmas 11,1339-1344(2004)","Lui,A.T.Y.","Forecast of auroral activity"
"LUKE(1983)",1983,"4C5","EBIC equation in terms of source depth, surf recomb veloc, diffus length","Journal","Solid-St. Electron. 26,901-906(1983)","Luke,K.L.,von Roos,O.","An EBIC equation for solar cells"
"LUKE(1985)",1985,"4C5","EBIC,effect of surf recombination velocity on measured diffusion length","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 57,1978-1984(1985)","Luke,K.L.,von Roos,O.,Cheng,L-J.","Quantification of the effects of generation volume, surface recombination velocity, and diffusion length on the electron-beam-induced current and its derivative: Determination of diffusion lengths in the low micron and submicron ranges"
"LUKE(1994)",1994,"4C5","EBIC,electron range in a material - an important parameter","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,1081-1091(1994)","Luke,K.L.","Choice of a range-energy relationship for the analysis of electron-beam-induced-current line scans"
"LUKE(1995)",1995,"4C5","EBIC,effect of finite beam width,differences between E-H & K-O ranges","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 77,3257-3266(1995)","Luke,K.L.","The effect of beam width on the analysis of electron-beam-induced current line scans"
"LUKE(1996)",1996,"4C5","EBIC,key for evaluating diffusion length; IDD techniq for defect analysis","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 80,5775-5785(1996)","Luke,K.L.","Evaluation of diffusion length from a planar-collector-geometry electron-beam-induced current profile"
"LUKE(2001)",2001,"4C5","EBIC,theory for making diffusion length measurements,small sizes","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 90,3413-3418(2001)","Luke,K.L.","Determination of diffusion length in samples of diffusion-length size or smaller and with arbitrary top and back surface recombination velocities"
"LULLA(2006)",2006,"4C3","Insulator,HfO2 films,EPMA,problems with quantitative EPMA","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,195-198(2006)","Marina Lulla,Jelena Asari,Jaan Aarik,Kaupo Kukli,Raul Rammula,Unto Tapper,Eero Kauppinen,Väino Sammelselg","Electron probe microanalysis of HfO2 thin films on conductive and insulating substrates"
"LUMMERZHEIM(1994)",1994,"4C6","Auroral electron transport calculations as part of auroral models","Journal","Annales Geophysicae 12,1039-1051(1994)","Lummerzheim,D.,Lilensten,J.","Electron transport and energy degradation in the ionosphere: evaluation of the numerical solution, comparison with laboratory experiments and auroral observations"
"LUMMERZHEIM(2001A)",2001,"4C6","H Line profile predicted with hydrogen-proton transport model","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.106, A  1,    23-31(2001)","Lummerzheim,D.,Galand,M.","The profile of the hydrogen H{sub beta }-emission line in proton aurora"
"LUMMERZHEIM(2001B)",2001,"4C6","Bright red aurora due to protons observed","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.106, A  1,  141-148(2001)","Lummerzheim,D.,Galand,M.,Semeter,J.,Mendillo,J.J.,Rees,M.H.,Rich,F.J.","Emission of O I (630 nm) in proton aurora"
"LUNDQVIST(1998)",1998,"4A5C","PET,review,history","Journal","Eur. J. Phys. 19, 537-552(1998)","Lundqvist,H.,Lubberink,M.,Tolmachev,V.","Positron emission tomography"
"LUO(1982)",1982,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation solution","Journal","Radiat. Res.  92,   1-18(1982)","Luo,Z.M.","A method for calculating electron energy deposition in thick media"
"LUO(1985A)",1985,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation solution","Journal","Phys. Rev. B32,  812-823(1985)","Luo,Z.M.","Improved bipartition model of electron transport. I. A general formulation"
"LUO(1985B)",1985,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation solution","Journal","Phys. Rev. B32,  824-836(1985)","Luo,Z.M.","Improved bipartition model of electron transport. II. Applications to inhomogeneous media"
"LUO(1992)",1992,"2C","High energy electron transport,extended partition model","Journal","Phys. Rev. B46,15739-15752(1992)","Luo,Z.M.,Brahme,A.","High energy electron transport"
"LUO(1993)",1993,"2C","Electron transport, theory (review)","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 41,  673-703(1993)","Luo,Z.M.,Brahme,A.","An overview of the transport theory of charged particles"
"LUO(1995)",1995,"1B","Inner shell ioniz cross sect expts","Journal","Nucl. Sci. & Techniqs 6,164-167(1995)","Luo,Z.M.,Zhu,A.,Fuqing,H.,Taihua,L.,Xianguan,L.,Xiufeng,P.","Correction of influence of substrate on measurement of inner shell ionization cross sections"
"LUO(1996)",1996,"1B","K-shell ioniz cross sects for Ni,Cr measured 6-35 keV","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29,4001-4005(1996)","Luo,Z.,An,Z.,He,F.,Li,T.,Long,X.,Peng,X.","Correction of the influence of the substrate upon the measurement of K-shall ionization cross sections"
"LUO(1998)",1998,"2C","Transport equation,bipartition model overview","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  305-327(1998)","Luo,Z.M.","An overview of the bipartition model for charged particle transport"
"LUO(2006)",2006,"4C4","XRF,recent developments,curve fitting,pattern recognition,etc.","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,215-225(2006)","Luo,L.","Chemometrics and its applications to x-ray spectrometry(review)"
"LUO-S(1987)",1987,"4D3","Sec. emiss,Monte Carlo,Au,Ag,Cu","Journal","J. Microsc. 148,289-295(1987)","Luo,S.,Zhang,Y.S.,Wu,Z.","A Monte Carlo calculation of secondary electrons emitted from Au, Ag, and Cu"
"LUO-S(1990)",1990,"4D3","Sec. electron emission,M.C.calcs","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 4,127-146(1990)","Luo,S.,Joy,D.C.","Monte Carlo calculations of secondary electron emission"
"LUX(1991)",1991,"2B","M.C.simulation,physical processes","Book","""Monte Carlo Particle Transport Methods: Neutron and Photon Calculations"", CRC Press,Boca Raton, p.40 (1991)","Lux,I.,Koblinger,L.","Direct simulation of the physical processes"
"LUXTON(1999)",1999,"4A1A","Barachytherapy photon sources, EGS4 calcs","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,2531-2538(1999)","Luxton,G.,Gabor,J.","Radial dose distribution, dose to water and dose rate constant for monoenergetic photon point sources from 10 keV to 2 MeV: EGS4 Monte Carlo model calculation"
"LY(1992)",1992,"3A","Electron backscattering coefficient","Journal","Scanning 14,  11-15(1992)","Ly,T.D.,Howitt,D.G.","A Monte Carlo calculation of the backscattering coefficient for a multilayer sample"
"LY(1995)",1995,"3A","MC calc,electron backscattering coefficient,heterogeneous sample","Journal","Scanning 17,220-226(1995)","Ly,T.D.,Howitt,D.G.,Farrens,M.K.,Harker,A.B.","Monte Carlo calculations for specimens with microstructures"
"LYAPIN(2004)",2004,"4D1","XPS,zirconium,quantitative analysis of spectrum","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  812-815(2004)","Lyapin,A.,Graat,P.C.J.","Quantitative analysis of the x-ray photoelectron spectrum of zirconium"
"LYNCH(2005)",2005,"4E4","Electron track simulation of low energy electrons on water vapor","Journal","Radiat. Res. 163,468-472(2005)","Lynch,D.J.,Wilson,W.E.,Batdorf,M.T.,Resat,M.B.S.,Kimmel,G.A.,Miller,J.H.","Monte Carlo simulation of the spatial distribution of energy deposition for an electron microbeam"
"MA(1991)",1991,"4B06","Dosimetry,ion chamber,Bragg-Gray","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,  413-428(1991)","Ma,C.M.,Nahum,A.E.","Bragg-Gray theory and ion chamber dosimetry for photon beams"
"MA(1992)",1992,"2B","EGS4 code,low E electron transport","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  72,319-330(1992)","Ma,C.M.,Nahum,A.E.","A new algorithm for EGS4 low energy electron transport to account for the change in discrete interaction cross section with energy"
"MA(1993A)",1993,"4B09","Dosimetry (photon, Monte Carlo)","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,  283-292(1993)","Ma,C.M.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Shortt,K.R.,Ross,C.K.,Nahum,A.E.,Bielajew,A.F.","Wall correction and absorbed dose conversion factors for Fricke dosimetry: Monte Carlo calculations and measurements"
"MA(1993B)",1993,"2B","MC correlated sampling,calculation of absorbed dose ratios","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1189-1199(1993)","Ma,C.M.,Nahum,A.E.","Calculation of absorbed dose ratios using correlated Monte Carlo sampling"
"MA(1993C)",1993,"4B06","Dosimetry, Fricke,wall corr factors","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,    93-114(1993)","Ma,C.M.,Nahum,A.E.","Dose conversion and wall correction factors for Fricke dosimetry in high-energy photon and electron beams"
"MA(1994)",1994,"4B09","Ion chamber response investigation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 39,1593-1608(1994)","Ma,C.M.,Knight,R.T.,Nahum,A.E.,Mayles,W.P.M.","Investigation of the response of a simple design of plane-parallel chamber"
"MA(1997)",1997,"4A1B","E-beam models,characterization,radiotherapy,M.C.","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  401-416(1997)","Ma,C.M.,Faddegon,B.A.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Mackie,T.R.","Accurate characterization of Monte Carlo calculated electron beams for radiotherapy"
"MA(1998A)",1998,"4B09","Dosimetry,kilovolt x-ray beams","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,2376-2384(1998)","Ma,C.M.,Li,X.A.,Seuntjens,J.","Study of dosimetry consistency for kilovoltage x-ray beams"
"MA(1998B)",1998,"4A3A","Treatment planning,e-beam characterization","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  329-344(1998)","Ma,C.M.","Characterization of computer-simulated radiotherapy beams for Monte Carlo treatment planning"
"MA(1999B)",1999,"4A3A","Treatment planning system,Monte Carlo","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,2133-2143(1999)","Ma,C.M.,Mok,E.,Kapur,A.,Pawlicki,T.,Findley,D.,Brain,S.,Forster,K.,Boyer.A.L.","Clinical implementation of a Monte Carlo treatment planning system"
"MA(1999C)",1999,"4A1B","M.C.simul,clinical beams(review)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44, R157-R189(1999)","Ma,C.M.,Yiang,S.B.","Monte Carlo modeling of electron beams from medical accelerators"
"MA(1999D)",1999,"4A1A","KeV x-rays,absorp coef & backscat","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,  131-143(1999)","Ma,C.M.,Seuntjens,J.P.","Mass-energy absorption coefficient and backscatter factor ratios for kilovoltage x-ray beams"
"MA(2000)",2000,"4A3A","Monte Carlo verification of a commercial treatment planning system","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,2483-2395(2000)","Ma,C.M.,Pawlicki,T.,Jiang,S.B.,Li,J.S.,Deng, J.,Mok,E.,Kapur,A.,Xing,I.,Ma,L.,Boyer,A.L.","Monte Carlo verification of IMRT dose distributions from a commercial treatment planning optimization system"
"MA(2001)",2001,"4A1A","X-ray beam dosimetry,AAPM protocol,Task Group 61","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  868-893(2001)","Ma,C.M.,Coffery,C.W.,DeWerd,L.A.,Liu,C.,Nath,R.,Seltzer,S.M.,Seuntjens,J.P.","AAPM protocol for 40-300 kV x-ray beam dosimetry in radiotherapy and radiobiology"
"MA(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Monte Carlo treatment planning code","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,1671-1689(2002)","Ma,C-M,Li,J.S.,Pawlicki,T.,Jiang, S. B. Jiang, Deng, J., Lee, M.C.,Koumrian,T.,Luxton,M.,Brain,S.","A Monte Carlo dose calculation tool for radiotherapy treatment planning"
"MA(2003)",2003,"4A5C","Tumor treatment with radiotherapy plus molecular targeted agents","Journal","J. Clin. Oncol. 21,2760-2776(2003)","Ma,B.B.Y.,Bristow,R.G.,Kim,J.,Siu,L.L.","Combined-modality treatment of solid tumors using radiotherapy and molecular targeted agents (review)"
"MA(2005)",2005,"4A3A","Reviews effect of statistical uncertainties on RTP using Monte Carlo","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,  891-907(2005)","Ma,C-M,Li,J.S.,Jiang,S.B.,Pawlicki,T.,Xiong,W.,Qin,L.H.,Yang,J.","Effect of statistical uncertainties on Monte Carlo treatment planning"
"MACDONALD(1982)",1982,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 54,  150R-156R(1982)","MacDonald,G.L.","X-ray spectrometry"
"MACHI(1996)",1996,"4A4","Radiation processing applics,new trends","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 47,  331-522(1996)","Machi,S.","New trends in radiation processing applications (review)"
"MACK(1985)",1985,"2B","Monte Carlo tutorial (review)","Notes","Lecture notes in physics 240,272-290(1985)","Mack,J.M.,Morel,J.E.,Hughes,H.G.","Monte Carlo electron photon transport"
"MACKENZIE(1993A)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,soft x-rays,absorp correction","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series 130,127-130(1993)","MacKenzie,A.P.","The variable voltage method for calculating the absorption correction for soft x-rays"
"MACKENZIE(1993B)",1993,"4C3","EPMA (comprehensive review)","Journal","Rept. Prog. Phys. 56,  557-604(1993)","MacKenzie,A.P.","Recent progress in electron probe microanalysis"
"MACKIE(1982)",1982,"4A1","Photon beam contamination","Journal","Radiology 144,403-409(1982)","Mackie,T.R.,Scrimger,J.R.","Contamination of a 15-MV photon beam by electrons and scattered photons"
"MACKIE(1985)",1985,"4B02","Photon transport,convolution method","Journal","Med. Phys. 12, 188-196(1985)","Mackie,T.R.,Scrimger,J.W.,Battista,J.J.","A convolution method of calculating dose for 15-MV x-rays"
"MACKIE(1988)",1988,"4A1","Energy deposition kernels (photon)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 33,      1-20(1988)","Mackie,T.R.,Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Battista,J.J.","Generation of photon energy deposition kernels using the EGS Monte Carlo code"
"MACKIE(1995)",1995,"4A3","Monte Carlo dose planning status","Journal","Radiation & Oncology 37,S28(1995)","Mackie,T.R.","Status of monte carlo dose planning"
"MACKIE(1998)",1998,"4A3A","Transport equation,bipartition model","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  345-346(1998)","Mackie,T.R.","The use of Monte Carlo simulation in radiation therapy treatment planning (abstract only)"
"MADANI(1996)",1996,"4C1","Positron backscattering,polymer/metal,Na-23 source","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 80,2555-2560(1996)","Madani,M.M.,Granata,R.D.","Positron backscattering in polymer/metal systems"
"MADSEN(2006)",2006,"4A5C","Shielding of PET and PET/CT facilities presents special challenges","Journal","Med. Phys. 33,     4-15(2006)","Madsen,J.T.,Anderswon,J.A.,Halama,J.R.,Kleck,J.,Simpkin,D.J.,Votaw,J.R.,Wendt,R.E.,WIlliams,L.E.,Yester,M.V.","AAPM Task Group 108: PET and PET/CT shielding requirements"
"MAGLEVANNY(1995)",1995,"2C","Electr'n transprt,multilayers;primary,diffuse electrons treated separately","Journal","Vacuum 46,1261-1269(1995)","Maglevanny,I.,Smolar,V.","The constructive procedure for solving the problems of electron transport in the multi-layer specimens for the normally incident electron beam.  1. Solution of the model transport equations for a point beam: energy and charge deposition"
"MAH(1989)",1989,"4A2","E-beam,2D,3D pencil beam algorithm","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,1179-1194(1989)","Mah,E.,Antolak,J.,Scrimger,J.W.,Battista,J.J.","Experimental evaluation of a 2D and 3D electron pencil beam algorithm"
"MAHONEY(1996)",1996,"4C1","Positron transmission through Al (beta-ray source)","Journal","Appl. Phys. A63,299-301(1996)","Mahone,J,Friessnegg,T.,Tessaro,G.,Mascher,P.,Puff,W.","Transmission of positrons with a beta+ energy distribution through thin films"
"MAINARDI(1996)",1996,"4C2","X-ray tube spectrum shape model","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,190-195(1996)","Mainardi,R.T.,Barrea,R.A.","Indirect method of x-ray spectra determination by XRF"
"MAINARDI(2004)",2004,"4C3","BIXE,beta-induced x-ray emission technique described","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,112-116(2004)","Mainardi,R.T.,Chesta,M.A.,Caffaro,M.","Elemental analysis by high-energy electron excitation"
"MAKHOV(1961)",1961,"4C1","Makhov positron implantation profiles (3 articles)","Journal","Sov. Phys. Sol. St. 2, 1932,1942,1945 (1961)","Makhov,A.F.","3 articles on Makhov positron implantation profiles"
"MAKINEN(1992)",1992,"4C1","Positron backscattering,2-30 keV","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   4,L503-L508(1992)","Makinen,J.,Palko,S.,Martikainen,J.,Hautojarvi,P.","Positron backscattering probabilities from solid-surfaces at 2-30 keV"
"MALAMUT(1991)",1991,"1C","Stopping power ratios,H2O,EGS4 calc","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,1222-1228(1991)","Malamut,C.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Bielajew,A.F.","Calculation of water air stopping power ratios using EGS4 with explicit treatment of electron-positron differences"
"MALMQVIST(1996)",1996,"4E7","Overview of nuclear microprobe analytical methods,environmental appls","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B113,336-346(1996)","Malmqvist,K.G.","Applications of nuclear microprobes in environmental research"
"MALZER(2003)",2003,"4C4","x-ray fluorescence with non-parallel x-ray beams","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,106-112(2003)","Malzer,W.,Kanngieber,B","Calculation of attenuation and x-ray fluorescence intensities for non-parallel x-ray beams"
"MANDAL(2004)",2004,"4C4","XRF using x-ray tube bremsstrahlung,elemental composition found","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B217,104-112(2004)","Mandal,A.C.,Santra,S.,Mitra,D.,Sarkar,M.,Bhattacharya,D.","Bremsstrahlung excited standardless EDXRF analysis"
"MANDOUR(1983)",1983,"4A1","E-beams,point,profiles,radial spread","Journal","Acta Radiol Suppl 364, 43-48(1983)","Mandour,A.,Nusslin,F.,Harder,D.","Characteristic functions of point monodirectional beams"
"MANDOUR(1991)",1991,"2B","Improved scattering,straggling in M.C.","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A300,403-408(1991)","Mandour,M.A.,Harder,D.","Improved representation of scattering and straggling in Monte Carlo simulations of electron beam absorption"
"MANFREDOTTI(1987)",1987,"4C4","E-beam,3D M.C. vs pencil beam calcs","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A255,355-359(1987)","Manfredotti,C.,Nastasi,U.,Ragona,R.,Anglesio,S.","Comparison of three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation and the pencil beam algorithm for an electron beam from a linear accelerator"
"MANFREDOTTI(1990)",1990,"4A3A","E-beam radiotherapy,M.C.dose calc.","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A291,646-654(1990)","Manfredotti,C.,Nastasi,U.,Marchisio,R.,Ongaro,C.,Gervion,R.,Ragona,S.,Anglesio,S.,Sanazzari,G..","Monte Carlo simulation of dose distribution in electron beam radiotherapy treatment planning"
"MANFREDOTTI(1998)",1998,"4E7","IBIC and IBIL microscopy comparison,maps-radiative recombin centers","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B136-138,1333-1339 (1998)","Manfredotti,C.,Fizzotti,F.,Polesello,P.,Vittone,E.,Truccato,M.,Lo Giudice,A.,Jaksic,M.,Rossi,P.,","IBIC and IBIL microscopy applied to advanced semiconductor materials"
"MANOUBI(1990)",1990,"4E8A","EELS,quantitative,curve fitting methods","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 1,  23-39(1990)","Manoubi,T.,Tence,M.Walls,M.G.,Colliex,C.","Curve fitting methods for quantitative analysis in electron energy loss spectroscopy"
"MANSERVISI(2004)",2004,"2C","Fokker-Planck analytical solution for electron beam","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,134-138(2004)","Manservisi,S.,Molinari,V.,Rocchi,F.","Bremsstrahlung emission spectrum for electron microprobe analysis"
"MANTLER(1993)",1993,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method,light elements","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 36,   27-33(1993)","Mantler,M.","Quantitative XRFA of light elements by the fundamental parameter method"
"MANTLER(1994)",1994,"4C4","Software for XRF","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 37,   13-20(1994)","Mantler,M.","Software for XRF"
"MANTLER(1998)",1998,"4C4","Analysis of secondary enhancement effects in quantitative XRFA","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 40,9 pages(1998)","Mantler,M.","An analysis of secondary enhancement effects in quantitative XRFA"
"MANTLER(1999)",1999,"4C4","Monte Carlo applied to XRF,thin films,multiple thin films","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 41,   54-61(1999)","Mantler,M.","Quantitative analysis of thin films and multiple thin film structures by Monte-Carlo techniques"
"MANTLER(2001A)",2001,"4C4","Tutorial XRF software package description","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 43, 429-434(2001)","Mantler,M.","VXRF: A software package for teaching (and learning) XRF"
"MANTLER(2001B)",2001,"4C4","XRF spectometry in art and archeology","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 29,    3-17(2000)","Mantler,M.,Schreiner","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in art and archeology"
"MANTLER(2004)",2002,"4C4","XRF,accuracy of modern fundamental parameter methods","Journal","Rigaku Journal 21-2,17-25(2004)","Mantler,M.,Kawahara,N.","How accurate are modern fundamental parameter methods?"
"MARCIE(1998)",1998,"2B","Monte Carlo,radiation therapy","Journal","J. de Chim.Phys.& Phys-Chim Biol 95,836-842(1998)","Marcie,S.","Monte Carlo codes applications to the low LET rays in radiation therapy"
"MARCU(1998)",1998,"4B03","Beta-ray dose distributions at material interfaces","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,1478-1486(1998)","Marcu,S.M.,Prestwich,W.V.","Application of the scaling factor method to estimation of beta dose distributions for dissimilar media separated by a planar interface"
"MARCUS(1993)",1993,"4D1","X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  923-929(1993)","Marcus,P.,Hinnen,C.,Olefjord,I.","Determination of attenuation lengths of photoelectrons in aluminum and aluminum oxide by angle-dependent x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"MARIANNO(2000)",2000,"4B02","Comparison betw default EGS4,EGS4 w bound Compton cross sects","Journal","Health Phys. 78,716-720(2000)","Marianno,C.M.,Higley,K.A.,Palmer,T.S.","A comparison between default EGS4 and EGS4 with bound Compton cross sections when scattering occurs in bone and fat"
"MARINENKO(1997)",1997,"4C3","Quantitative EPMA,high Tc superconductors","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   3, 504-511(1997)","Ryna B. Marinenko,Mark Teplitsky","Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O high Tc superconductors Using energy- and wavelength-dispersive spectrometry"
"MARINO(2002)",2002,"4E4","Single event spectra by low E x-rays,wall-less proport counter","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,377-378(2002)","Marino,S.A.,Johnson,G.W.","A microdosimetry chamber for low-energy X rays"
"MARKAREWICZ(1985)",1985,"4B06","Cavity theory,dose dependence on cavity size","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  13,369-371(1985)","Makarewicz,M.,Burger,G.","Dose dependence on cavity size: a contribution to cavity theory"
"MARKOWICZ(1986A)",1986,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 58,  279R-294R(1986)","Markowicz,A.A.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"MARKOWICZ(1986B)",1986,"4C3","EPMA,absorption correction","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 15,115-119(1986)","Markowicz,A.,Storms,H.,Van Grieken,R.","A simple absorption correction for electron probe x-ray microanalysis of bulk samples"
"MARKOWICZ(1988)",1988,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (review,1986-1987)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 60,    28R-42R(1988)","Markowicz,A.A.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"MARKOWICZ(1990)",1990,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 62,  101R-113R(1990)","Markowicz,A.A.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"MARRIAN(1996)",1996,"1B","Electron scattering,elastic,inelastic","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B14,3864-3869(1996)","Marrian,C.R.K.,Perkins,F.K.,Park,D.,Dobisz,E.A.,Peckerer,M.C.,Rhee,K.W.,Bass,R.","Modeling of electron elastic and inelastic scattering"
"MARSH(2002)",2002,"4B03","Archaelogical dating,beta rays,tooth enamel,Monte Carlo","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 35,609-616(2002)","Marsh,R.E.,Prestwich,W.V.,Rink,W.J.,Brennan,B.J.","Monte Carlo determinations of the beta dose rate to tooth enamel"
"MARSHALL(1975)",1975,"4C2","X-ray target spectra","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 48,    31-39(1975)","Marshall,M.,Peaple,L.H.J.,Ardran,G.M.,Crooks,H.E.","A comparison of x-ray spectra and outputs from molybdenum and tungsten targets"
"MARTIN(1971)",1971,"4C3","EPMA,nice detailed early review","Journal","Metallurgical Reviews 16,19-46(1971)","Martin,P.M.,Poole,D.M.","Electron-probe microanalysis: The relation between intensity ratio and concentration"
"MARTIN(1993)",1993,"4C3","Metallic thin film thickness measurement using EPMA","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   5,A395-A396(1993)","Martin,M.,Puglisi,C.","Thickness measurement of metallic thin films in the electron probe microanalyser"
"MARTIN(1995)",1995,"4A5C","Comparison of FDG-SPECT with FDG-PET (especially cost)","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 36, :988-995 (1995)","William H. Martin, Dominique Delbeke, James A. Patton, Brian Hendrix, Zeev Weinfeld, Israel Ohana, Robert M. Kessler, Martin P. Sandler","FDG-SPECT: Correlation with FDG-PET"
"MARTIN(2003)",2003,"3A","Backscattering,low Z ,new data up to 124 keV,PENELOPE,GEANT4","Journal","Phys. Rev. C68, 055503,pp.1-8(2003)","Martin,J.W.,Yuan,J.,Hodel,S.A.,Filippone,B.W.,Fond,D.,Ito,T.M.,Lin,E.,TIpton,B,Young,A.R.","Measurement of electron backscattering in the energy range of neutron beta decay"
"MARTIN(2004)",2004,"4A6","Collisions of 0-4 eV electrons--> single strand breaks in DNA thin films","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   93,068101(1-4)(2004)","Martin,F.,Burrow,P.D.,Cai,Z.,Cloutier,P.,Hunting,D.,Sanche,L.","DNA strand breaks induced by 0-4 eV electrons: The role of shape resonances"
"MARTIN(2006)",2005,"3A","Electron backscatteirng in range of neutron beta-decay","Journal","Phys. Rev. C73, 015501,pp.1-6(2006)","Martin,J.W.,Yuan, J.,Betancourt,M.J.,Filippone,B.W.,Hoedl,S.A.,Ito,T.M,Plaster, B.,Young, A. R.","New measurements and quantitative analysis of electron backscattering in the energy range of neutron beta-decay"
"MARTINEZ(1990)",1990,"2B","M.C.simulation,keV electrons,simple model for multiple scattering","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 67,2955-2964(1990)","Martinez,J.D.,Mayol,R.,Salvat,F.","Monte Carlo simulation of kilovolt electron transport in solids"
"MARTINEZ(1993)",1993,"4C2","X-ray spectrum determination","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,312-316(1993)","Martinez,V.D.,Hidalgo,C.M.","The number of K-alpha photons produced on a set of thin targets as a functional description of the fluorescence exciting x-ray beam"
"MARTINEZ(2000)",2000,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method w/o knowing excitation spectrum","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 29,245-248(2000)","Martinez,V.D.,Hidalgo,C.M.,Barrea,R.A.","X-ray fluorescence analysis by the fundamental parameters method without explicit knowledge of the excitation beam spectrum"
"MARUCCO(2004)",2004,"4C4","Low energy dispersive XRF applied to gold assaying","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,486-490(2004)","Marucco,A.","Low-energy ED-XRF spectrometry application in gold assaying"
"MARUHASHI(1977)",1977,"4B09","Dosimeter,Si,e-beam measments","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 141,  87-92(1977)","Maruhashi,A.","Characteristics of a miniature dosimeter developed for measurement of electrons"
"MASSOUD(2003)",2003,"4A5A","MI: visual repr, characterization & quantification of biological processes","Journal","Genes & Dev. 17, 545-580 (2003)","Tarik F. Massoud, Sanjiv S. Gambhir","Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light (review)"
"MASSOUMI(1990)",1990,"4C1","Electron backscattering,35 keV,Au,Ag,Cu,Al,Be thick targets","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218,   39-43(1990)","Massoumi,G.R.,Lennard,W.N.,Jorch,H.H.,Schultz,P.J.","Backscattering of 35 keV electrons from thick targets"
"MASSOUMI(1991)",1991,"4C1","Angle,energy distrib,backscat positrons measured,wide range of Z","Journal","Phys. Rev. B44,  3486-3489(1991)","Maasoumi,G.R.,Hozhabri,N.,Lennard,W.N.,Schultz,P.J.","Doubly differential positron-backscattering yields"
"MASSOUMI(1992)",1992,"4C1","Positron, electron backscattering,Au,Al,35 keV","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   68,3873-3876(1992)","Massoumi,G.R.,Hozhabri,N.,Jensen,K.O.,Lennard,W.M.,Lorenzo,M.S.,Schultz,P.J.,Walker,A.B.","Positron and electron backscattering from solids"
"MASSOUMI(1993B)",1993,"4C1","Electron,positron backscattering","Journal","Phys. Rev. B47,11007-11018(1993)","Massoumi,G.R.,Lennard,W.N.,Schultz,P.J.,Walker,A.B.,Jensen,K.O.","Electron and positron backscattering in the medium energy range"
"MASSOUMI(1994)",1994,"4C1","Backscattering,positron","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303, 564-570(1994)","Massoumi,G.R.,Lennard,W.N.,Schultz,P.J.,Walker,A.B.,Jensen,K.O.","Experimental and Monte-Carlo studies of electron and positron backscattering"
"MASSOUMI(1995)",1995,"4C1","Positron energy loss measurements (transmission)","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,  39-42(1995)","Massoumi,G.R.,Lennard,W.N.,Schultz,P.J.,Porcelli,T.A.,Simpson,P.J.","Energy loss measurements for 20 keV positrons in Al thin films"
"MATHIEU(2004)",2004,"0A","ECASIA '03","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  671(2004)","Mathieu,H.J.,Seah,M.P.","The spirit of ECASIA"
"MATHY(2003)",2003,"4C2","X-ray tube spectrum,calculation and experiment","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A504,317-320(2003)","Mathy,F.,Guillemaud,R.,Picone,M.","Experimental validation of a coupled photon Monte Carlo and CAD software"
"MATSUDA(1991)",1991,"3C","Dosimetry (electron beam)","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 235-239(1991)","Matsuda,K.,Kijima,T.","Electron-beam dosimetry for a multilayer absorber"
"MATSUOKA(1976)",1976,"4B11","Electron beam insulator charging,polyethylene","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 23,1447-1452(1976)","Matsuoka,S.,Sunaga,H.,Tanaka,R.,Hagiwara,M.,Araki,K.","Accumulated charge profile in polyethylene during fast electron irradiations"
"MATT(1996)",1996,"4B02","Photon transport,polarized","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 48,  403-411(1996)","Matt,G.,Feroci,M.,Rapisarda,M.,Costa,E.","Treatment of Compton-scattering of linearly polarized photons in Monte-Carlo codes"
"MATTHEW(1997)",1997,"4D1","Transport mfp,trends with E,Z","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  85,205-219(1997)","Matthew,J.A.D.,Jackson,A.R.,Elgomati,M.M.","Systematic trends in the transport mean free path with electron energy and atomic number"
"MATTSSON(2005)",2005,"4A5A","All major medical imaging technologies taken dramatic steps forward","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.114,    1-3(2005)","Sören Mattsson","Optimisation strategies in medical X-ray imaging (editorial,intro. to special issue on Medical X-Ray Imaging)"
"MAXWELL(1995)",1995,"4E7","PIXE software,paper contains some useful physics to know","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  95,407-421(1995)","Maxwell,J.A.,Teesdale,W.J.,Campbell,J.L.","The Guelph PIXE software package II"
"MAYER(1989)",1989,"4C1","Sec. electr. energy distrs from positrons,electrons,MgO,Ni crystals","Journal","Phys. Rev. B40,11287-11290(1989)","Mayer,R.,Gramsch,E.,Weiss,A.","Comparison of energy distributions of positron- and electron-induced secondary electron: Implications for slow-positron emission mechanisms"
"MAYOL(1990)",1990,"1B","K-ioniz cross sections","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 23,2117-2130(1990)","Mayol,R.,Salvat,F.","Cross sections for K-shell ionization by electron impact"
"MAYOL(1996)",1996,"4B10","Detector response,M.C.simul,NaI(Tl)","Conference","Proc Intl Sym ""Advances in a-, b-, and gam-ray spectrometry""""","Mayol,R.,Salvat,F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Garcia-Torano,E.,Roteta,M.","A Monte Carlo simulation of the response of NaI(Tl) scintillator detectors to gamma-rays"
"MAYOL(1997)",1997,"1B","Electron scattering,elastic","Journal","At Dat Nucl Dat Tables 65,  55-154(1997)","Mayol,R.,Salvat,F.","Total and transport cross-sections for elastic-scattering of electrons by atoms"
"MAZURIER(2001)",2001,"4B06","PENELOPE codedosimetry,high energy photon beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 46,1707-1717(2001)","Mazurier,J.,Gouriou,J.,Chauvenet,B.,Barthe,J.","Calculation of perturbation correction factors for some reference dosimeters in high-energy photon beams with the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE"
"MCCAFFREY(2005)",2005,"4B09","Dosimetry protocols recommend ionization chambers be pre-irradiated","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50, N121–N133(2005)","McCaffrey,P.,Downton,B.Shen,H.,Niven,D.,McEwen,M.","Pre-irradiation effects on ionization chambers used in radiation therapy"
"MCCARTHY(1998)",1998,"4C3","Introduction to microanalysis meeting","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   4, 551-551(1998)","John J. McCarthy","Thirty years of energy-dispersive spectrometry in microanalysis"
"MCDERMOTT(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Accuracy of pencil beam IMRT planning sys, MCNP compared for lung","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 4,341-351(2003)","McDermott,P.N.,He,T.,DeYoung,A.","Dose calculation accuracy of lung planning with a commercial IMRT treatment planning system"
"MCGARY(1997)",1997,"4A3A","Photon transport,convolution method","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  519-522(1997)","McGary,J.E.,Boyer,A.L.","An interactive, parallel, 3-dimensional fast Fourier-transform convolution dose calculation using a supercomputer"
"MCGEE(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,application to geological materials","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   7, 200-210(2001)","McGee,J.J.,Keil,K.","Application of electron probe microanalysis to the study of geological and planetary materials"
"MCGUIRE(1997)",1997,"4D1","Review of surface characterization including XPS,AES","Journal","Anal. Chem. 69,  231R-250R(1997)","McGuire,G.E.,Weiss,P.S.,Kushmerick,J.G.,Johnson,J.A.,Simko,S.J.,Nemanich,R.J.,Parikh,N.R.,Chopra,D.R.","Surface characterization (review)"
"MCGUIRE(1999)",1999,"4D1","Review of surface characterization including XPS,AES","Journal","Anal. Chem. 71,  373R-368R(1999)","McGuire,G.E.,Fuchs,J.,Han,P.,Kushmerick,J.G.,Weiss,P.S,,Simko,S.J.,Nemanich,R.J.,Chopra,D.R.","Surface characterization (review)"
"MCKAY(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Dose estimation problems using voxels, MrVOxel software","Journal","Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 18,379-392(2003)","McKay,E.","A software tool for specifying voxel models for dosimetry estimation"
"MCLAUGHLIN(1995)",1995,"4A4","Radiation processing,dosimetry systems","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 46,1163-1174(1995)","McLaughlin,W.L.,Desrosiers,M.F.","Dosimetry systems for radiation processing"
"MCLEAN(1993)",1993,"4B02","Diagnostic x-ray energies,Pb, broad & narrow photon beam attenuation","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1549-1554(1993)","McLean,D.","Computer simulation of broad-beam and narrow-beam attenuation in lead for diagnostic x-ray energies"
"MCLELLAN(1992)",1992,"4A2","Electron transport,numerical method","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,1109-1125(1992)","McLellan,J.,Papiez,L.,Sandison,G.A.,Huda,W.,Therrien,P.","A numerical method for electron transport calculations"
"MCLELLAN(1994)",1994,"1C","Electron energy straggling spectra (model)","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,  367-378(1994)","McLellan,J.,Sawchuk,S.,Battista,J.J.,Sandison,G.A.,Papiez,L.S.","A method for the calculation of electron energy-straggling spectra"
"MCMILLAN(1989)",1989,"4C7","E-beam lithogr,M.C. simul,sub-micron","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 7,1540-1545(1989)","McMillan,J.A.,Johnson,S.,MacDonald,N.C.","Simulation of electron beam exposure of sub-micron patterns"
"MCMILLAN(2001)",2001,"4A6","Other damage types beside double-strand breaks are also important","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 49,  373-377(2001)","McMillan,T.J.,Tobi,S.,Mateos,S.,Lemon,C.","The use of DNA double-strand break quantification in radiotherapy"
"MCPARLAND(1989)",1989,"1C","Electron mass scattering power","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A274,592-596(1989)","McParland,B.J.","A derivation of the electron mass scattering power for electron dose calculations"
"MCPARLAND(1992)",1992,"4A2","Central axis dose calculations","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  901-906(1992)","McParland,B.J.","An analysis of equivalent fields for electron-beam central axis dose calculations"
"MCSHAN(1994)",1994,"4A2","3D electron pencil beam dose algorithm","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,    13-23(1994)","McShan,D.L.,Fraass,B.A.,Ten Haken,R.K.","Dosimetric verification of a 3D electron pencil beam dose calculation algorithm"
"MCVEIGH(2005)",2006,"4A5A","Ultrasound biomicrosc,microSPECT,microPET,near IR imaging,qu dots.","Journal","Circ. Res. 98, 879-886 (2006)","Elliot R. McVeigh","Emerging imaging techniques"
"MEDIN(1992)",1992,"4E7","Dosimetry for therapeutic heavy charged particles,esp. protons","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  69,  64-75(1992)","Medin,J.,Andreo,P.","Stopping powers for the in-chamber dosimetry of radiotherapeutic heavy-particle beams"
"MEDIN(1997)",1997,"4E6","Calcs of stopping power ratios,water to air,clinical proton beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,    89-105(1997)","Medin,J.,Andreo,P.","Monte Carlo calculated stopping-power ratios, water/air, for clinical proton dosimetry (50-250 MeV)"
"MEESUNGNOEN(2002)",2002,"4E5","Energy dependence of range .2 ev-150keV by MC simulation","Journal","Radiat. Res. 158,657-660(2002)","Meesungnoen,J.,Jay-Gerin,J-P.,Filali-Mouhim,A.,Mankhtkorn,S.","Low-energy electron penetration range in liquid water"
"MEHLHORN(1998)",1998,"4D1","Auger spectroscopy (review, history)","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  93,   1-15(1998)","Mehlhorn,W.","70 years of Auger spectroscopy, a historical perspective"
"MEHNERT(1995)",1995,"4A4","Electron beam processing (review)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B105,348-358(1995)","Mehnert,R.","Electron beams in research and technology"
"MEIGOONI(1987)",1987,"4A1B","Depth-dose,parametrization","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 32,  761-768(1987)","Meigooni,A.S.,Das,I.J.","Parametrization of depth dose for electron beams"
"MEIRING(1991)",1991,"4B02","Multiple scattering theory & expt,electron-positron differences","Journal","Phys. Rev. A44,2960-2967(1991)","Meiring,W.J.,Avan Klinken,J.,Wichers,V.A.","Differences between electrons and positrons interacting with detector material"
"MEISSNER(2000)",2000,"4A4","X-ray treatment of food above 5 MeV,Monte Carlo calculation","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 57,  647-651(2000)","Meissner,J.,Abs,M.,Cleland,M.R.,Herer,A.S.,Jongen,Y.,Kuntz,F.,Strasser,A.","X-ray treatment at 5 MeV and above"
"MEJADDEM(2000)",2000,"4A3B","IMRT,photon scatter in intensity modulating filters","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,2747-2760(2000)","Mejaddem,Y., Hyödynmaa,S.,Brahme,A.","Photon scatter in intensity modulating filters evaluated by first Compton scatter and Monte Carlo calculations and experiments in broad beams"
"MEJADDEM(2001A)",2001,"1C","Electron energy loss straggling calculations","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B173,397-410(2001)","Mejaddem,Y,Belkic,D.,Hyödynmaa,S.,Brahme,A.","Calculations of electron energy loss straggling"
"MEJADDEM(2001B)",2001,"4A3B","IMRT,photon scatter kernels for intensity modulating filters","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 46,3215-3228(2001)","Mejaddem,Y., Hyödynmaa,S.,Svensson,R.,Brahme,A.","Photon scatter kernels for intensity modulating radiation therapy filters"
"MEJADDEM(2002)",2002,"2C","Electron transport theory,absorbed dose computation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B187, 499-524(2002)","Mejaddem,Y.,Ahnesjö,A.","Development of the electron transport theory and absorbed dose computation in matter"
"MELCHINGER(1995)",1995,"4B11","E-beam charging of insulators, theoretical model,Al2O3,1-15 keV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 78,6224-6232(1995)","Melchinger,A.,Hofmann,S.","Dynamic double layer model: Description of time dependent charging phenomena in insulators under electron beam irradiation"
"MENDE(2003A)",2003,"4C6","Electron and proton auroral phenomena","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.108, A  9,1339,p1-15(2003)","Mende,S.B.,Frey,H.U.,Morsony,B.J.,Immel,T.J.","Statistical behaviour of proton and electron auroras during substorms"
"MENDE(2003B)",2003,"4C6","Far UV observations of proton, electron auroral precipitation (44 pages)","Journal","Space Sci Reviews 109,211-254(2003)","Mende,S.B.,Frey,H.U.,Immel,T.J.,Gerard,J.-C.,Hupert,B.,Fusilier,S.A.","Global imaging of proton and electron aurorae in the far ultraviolet"
"MENON(2001)",2001,"4E8A","EELS,detection limits o minorityelements,modeling spectra","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   8, 203-215(2002)","Menon,N.K.,Krivanek,O.L.","Synthesis of electron energy loss spectra for the quantification of detection limits"
"MERCIER(2000A)",2000,"4C2","MCNP calculations of low-E tungsten x-ray spectra","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,2680-2687(2000)","Mercier,J.R.,Kopp,D.T.,McDavid,W.D.,Dove,S.B.,Lancaster,J.L.,Tucker,D.M.","Modification and benchmarking of MCNP for low-energy tungsten spectra"
"MERCIER(2000B)",2000,"4C2","X-ray spectrum measurements,tungsten","Journal","Radiat. Res. 154,564-581(2000)","Mercier,J.R.,Kopp,D.T.,McDavid,W.D.,Dove,S.B.,Lancaster,J.L.,Tucker,D.M.","Measurement and validation of benchmark-quality thick-target tungsten X-ray spectra below 150 kVp"
"MERLET(1992A)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,quantitative,matrix correction method","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta S12,107-115(1992)","Merlet,C.","Quantitative electron probe microanalysis: new accurate phi(rho*z) description"
"MERLET(1992B)",1992,"4C3","EPMA (Auger backscattering)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 19,192-196(1992)","Merlet,C.,Jbara,O.,Rondot,S.,Cazaux,J.","Auger backscattering factor at primary beam energies above 10 keV"
"MERLET(1992C)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,surface ionization, analytic formula","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 21,229-238(1992)","Merlet,C.","Accurate description of surface ionization in electron probe microanalysis: an improved formulation"
"MERLET(1993)",1993,"4C3","Microprobe analysis program","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series 130,123-126(1993)","Merlet,C.","Evaluation and description of a new correction procedure for quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"MERLET(1994)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,accurate correction program","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115,,363-376(1994)","Merlet,C.","An accurate computer correction program for quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"MERLET(1995)",1995,"4C3","Maximum of the X-ray depth distribution in EPMA (analytic expression)","Journal","Microbeam Analysis 4,239-253(1995)","Merlet,C.","Maximum of the X-ray depth distribution in EPMA at normal incidence: an analytical expression"
"MERLET(1998)",1998,"4C3","EPMA,quantification procedures,ZAF,Phi(rho*z) methods","Conference","Proceedings EMAS '98,""Electron Probe Microanalysis Today -  Practical Aspects"",X. Llovet, C. Merlet, F. Salvat,ed., Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,1998, pp. 176-191","Merlet,C.","Quantification procedure in EPMA (review)"
"MERLET(2004A)",2004,"1B","K-shell ioniz,L-shell productions cross sects,Ge","Journal","Phys. Rev. A69,032708[1-7](2004)","Merlet,C.,Llovet,X.,Salvat,F.","Measurements of absolute K-shell ionization cross sections and L-shell x-ray production cross sections of Ge by electron impact"
"MERLET(2004B)",2004,"4C3","EPMA,surface ioniz,Phi(0),multilayered specimens,PENELOPE","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,376-386(2004)","Merlet,C.,Llovet,X.,Salvat,F.","Measurements of the surface ionization in multilayered specimens"
"MERLET(2006)",2006,"4C3","EPMA, bremsstrahlung used to calibrate x-ray intensity,PENELOPE","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,199–204 (2006)","Claude Merlet, Xavier Llovet","Absolute determination of characteristic x-ray yields with a wavelength-dispersive spectrometer"
"MESSENGER(2004)",2004,"4E5","Analytical model for deriving heavy ion damage tracks using NIEL","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 51,2846-2850(2004)","Messenger,S.R.,Burke,E.A.,Xapsos,M.A.,Summers,G..,Walters,R.J.","The simulation of damage tracks in silicon"
"MESSINA(1992)",1992,"4C7","Lithography,electron beam (review)","Journal","Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 15,1-57(1992)","Messina,G.,Paoletti,A.,Santangelo,S.,Tucciarone,A.","Electron scattering in microstructure processes"
"MESSINA(1993A)",1993,"4C7","E-beam lithography,short- and long-range scattering","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 20,241-253(1993)","Messina,G.,Paoletti,A.,Santangelo,S.,Tucciarone,A.","Short-range and long-range scattering in electron beam lithography"
"MESSINA(1993B)",1993,"4C7","X-ray mask patterning,electron scattering,low-Z, high density materials","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 20,291-304(1993)","Messina,G.,Paoletti,A.,Santangelo,S.,Tucciarone,A.","Electron scattering of low-Z high-density materials in X-ray mask patterning"
"METGHALCHI(1979)",1979,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,polynomial form","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  70,207-209(1979)","Metghalchi,M.","On the polynomial form of gamma-ray buildup factor functions"
"MEURANT(2003B)",2003,"4C6","Images of polar aurora,3 channels->electron spatial distrib,energy,flux","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.108, A  6,p.1247(2003)","Meurant,M.,Gerard,J.C.,Jubert,B.,Coumans,V.,Shematovich,V.I.,Bisikalo,D.V.,Evans,D.S.,Gladstond,G.R.,Mende,S.B.","Characterization and dynamics of the auroral electron precipitation during substorms deduced from IMAGE-FUV"
"MEYER(2004)",2004,"4C2","Six computer codes based on semiempirical or empirical models","Journal","Br J Radiol. 77,224-230(2004)","Meyer,P,,Buffard,E.,Mertz,L.,Kennel,C.,Constantinesco,A.,Siffert,P.","Evaluation of the use of six diagnostic X-ray spectra computer codes"
"MEYZA(2003)",2003,"4D4","Self-consistent charge transport in bulk alumina,1-30 keV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 94,5384-5392(2003)","Meyza,X.,Goeuriot,D.,Guerret-Piecourt,C.,Treheux,D.,Fitting,H.J.","Secondary electron emission and self-consistent charge transport and storage in bulk insulators"
"MICHAEL(2001)",2001,"4A5B","Tutorial on x-ray computed tomography (CT)","Journal","Phys. Educ. 36,442-451(2001)","Micheal,G.","X-ray computed tomography"
"MICHAUD(1988)",1988,"4D3","Low E elctron reflection,transmission,Ar films on  Pt","Journal","Surf. Sci. 205,  447-$ (1988)","Michade,M.,Sanche,L.,Gaubert,C.,Baudoing,R.,","Low-energy electron reflection and transmission on Ar films condensed on polycrystalline platinum"
"MICHIELI(1998)",1998,"4B01","Gamma buildup (recent work)","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 51,  121-128(1998)","Michieli,I.","Point kernel calculation of dose fields from line sources using expanded polynomial form of buildup factor data: generalized secant integral-series representation"
"MIDGLEY(2004)",2004,"1A","Parametrization of x-ray coefficients from 8 keV to 125 MeV to 2%","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,  307-325(2004)","Midgley,S.M.","A parameterization scheme of the x-ray linear attenuation coefficient and energy absorption coefficient"
"MIDGLEY(2005)",2005,"1A","Materials analysis using x-ray linear attenuation coeff measurements","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,4139-4157(2005)","Midgley,S.M.","Materials analysis using x-ray linear attenuation coefficient measurements at four photon energies"
"MIJNARENDS(1997)",1997,"4C1","Theory,electronic,positronic structure of defects in materials","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 116,287-292(1997)","Mijnarends,P.E.,Bansil,A.,Kaprzyk,S.","The electronic and positronic structure of defects in materials"
"MIJNHEER(1988)",1988,"4B07","Transition zone dosimetry","Journal","Radiother. Oncol 11,379-386(1988)","Mijnheer,B.J.,Rice,R.K.,Chin,L.M.","Lead-polystyrene transition zone dosimetry in high-energy photon beams"
"MIKHAILOV(1990)",1990,"2C","Inelastic scattering,Boltzmann eqn","Journal","Vacuum 41,1721-1724(1990)","Mikhailov,G.M.,Rubtsov,V.I.,Orlov,S.A.","Inelastic scattering of middle-energy electrons by solid surfaces"
"MIKHEEV(1995)",1995,"3B","Electron transmission thru films","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Engin. B32,  11-16(1995)","Mikheev,N.N.,Stepovich,M.A.","The energy spectrum of electrons passing through film targets and some of its applications to electron beam engineering"
"MILAZZO(2004)",2004,"4C4","XRF,archaeometric applications (coins,metal objects,ceramic samples)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,683-692(2004)","Milazzo,M.","Radiation applications in art and archaeometry. X-ray fluorescence applications to archaeometry.  Possibility of obtaining non-destructive quantitative analysis"
"MILEY(1995)",1995,"2B","Monte Carlo (EGS4), PC version","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,337(1995)","Miley,H.S.,Bowyer,S.M.,Hensley,W.K.","Accurate, easy Monte Carlo simulation on personal computers"
"MILJANIC(1997)",1997,"4B06","Dosimetry (cavity theory)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,1335-1349(1997)","Miljanic,S.,Ranogajeckomor,M.","Application of cavity theory to the response of various TLDs to Co-60 gammas degraded in water"
"MILLER(1974)",1974,"3C","Calorimetric measurement of dose-depth profiles for electrons","Report","Sandia Laboratories SLA-74-0011(June 1974)","Miller,G.H.","Calorimetric measurement of dose-depth profiles for incident electrons"
"MILLER(1985)",1985,"4E4","Database,differential ionisation crosssections","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  13,  27-30(1985)","Miller,J.H.,Wilson,W.E.,Manson,S.T.","Secondary electron spectra: A semi-empirical model"
"MILLER(1991)",1991,"4C7","Small effect of lithography radiation on hardened MOS capacitors","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 69,  488-494(1991)","Miller,P.A.,Fleetwood,D.M.,Schubert,W.K.","Damage due to electron, ion, and x-ray lithography"
"MILLER(1995A)",1995,"4E6","Proton beam radiation therapy,review article","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1943-1954(1995)","Miller,D.W.","A review of proton beam radiation therapy"
"MILLER(1995B)",1995,"4A4","Dose measuremnts,polystyr calorimeter","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 46,1243-1246(1995)","Miller,A.","Polystyrene calorimeter for electron beam dose measurements"
"MILLER(1996)",1996,"4A4","Radiation processing,dosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 47,  479-482(1996)","Miller,A.","Uncertainty of dose measurement in radiation processing"
"MILLER(2000)",2000,"4E5","Model for irradiation of a cellular monolayer by an electron microbeam","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 39:173-177(2000)","Miller,J.H.,Sowa-Resat,M.,Metting,N.F.,Wei,K.,Lynch, D.J.,Wilson, W.E.","Monte Carlo simulation of single-cell irradiation by an electron microbeam."
"MILLER(2001)",2001,"4E5","Computational dosimetry,Monte Carlo track simulation","Journal","Radiat. Res. 156,438-439(2001)","Miller,J.H.,Wilson,W.E.,Lynch,D.J.,Resat,M.,Trease,H.E.","Computational dosimetry for electron microbeams: Monte Carlo track simulation combined with confocal Microscopy"
"MILLER(2002)",2002,"4E5","MC simuls,low E electrons & soft x-rays interacting with low Z materials","Journal","Radiat. Res. 158,377-378(2002)","Miller,J.H.,Wilson,W.E.,Lynch,D.J.,Wei,K.,Kurtulus,A.,Trease,H.E.","Low-LET microbeam dosimetry"
"MILLER(2003A)",2003,"4A4","Tribute to Bill McLaughlin","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68,  945-946(2003)","Miller,A.","William L. McLaughlin, a tribute"
"MILLER(2003B)",2003,"4A4","Semi-empirical model for x-ray depth dose distrib,compared with MC","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68,  963-974(2003)","Miller,R.B.","Food irradiation using bremsstrahlung x-rays"
"MILLS(1979)",1979,"4C1","Positron generation","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 35,427-429(1979)","Mills,A.P.","Efficient generation of low-energy positrons"
"MILLS(1982)",1982,"4C1","Positron transmission,1-6 keV","Journal","Phys. Rev. A26,  490-500(1982)","Mills,A.P.,Wilson,R.J.","Transmission of 1-6 keV positrons through thin metal films"
"MILLS-M(1982)",1982,"4A2","Electron beam output factors predicted, pencil beam model used","Journal","Med. Phys.  9,   60-68(1982)","Mills,M.D.,Hogstrom,K.R.,Almonst,P.R.","Prediction of electron beam output factors"
"MIL'SHTEIN(2001)",2001,"4D3","Secondary electron spectra,identify chemical nature of material","Journal","Scanning 23,295-297(2001)","Mil'shteing,S.,Joy,D.C.","Microanalysis using secondary electrons in scanning electron microscopy"
"MIL'SHTEIN(2002)",2002,"4C5","Examines the possibility of assessing 1/f noise using quantitative EBIC","Journal","Scanning 24,136–139(2002)","Mil'shtein,S.","Direct assessment of recombination noise in semiconductors using electron beam-induced conductivity"
"MIN(2003)",2003,"4A6","Relationship between dose-rate, bacterial DNA damage studied","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 42:189-192(2003)","Min,J.,Lee,Ch.W.,Gu,M.B.","Gamma-radiation dose-rate effects on DNA damage and  toxicity in bacterial cells"
"MINATO(1975)",1975,"4B07","Simple model for gamma-ray induced electron transport in a slab","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 131,157-161(1975)","Minato,S.","Simple theory concerning the emission efficiency and energy deposition of electrons produced in a slab exposed to 1.25 MeV gamma rays"
"MIOTELLO(1997)",1997,"4D4","Electron penetration","Journal","Phys. Rev. B56,  2241-2247(1997)","Miotello,A.,Dapor,M.","Slow electrons impinging on dielectric solids. 2. Implantation profiles, electron-mobility and recombination processes"
"MIOTELLO(1998)",1998,"2B","Track formation,SiO2,model critique","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B141,  16-24(1998)","Miotello,A.,Kelly,R.,Dapor,R.","Fast particle irradiation of solids: excitation of secondary electrons and the related energy deposition functions"
"MITSCHE(2006)",2006,"4C3","SEM-EDXS is widely used for particle analysis;measuring size is tricky","Journal","Scanning 28,282-288(2006)","Mitsche,S.,Poelt,P.,Wagner,J.","Analysis of submicron particles by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry—Accuracy of size measurement"
"MIYASAKA(1966)",1966,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,multislab","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech.  3,   383-400(1966)","Miyasaka,S.,Tsuruo,A.","Dose buildup factors of multi-layer slabs for a point isotropic source"
"MOBIT(1996)",1996,"4B09","Dosimetry,LiF TLD,energy correction","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,  979-993(1996)","Mobit,P.N.,Nahum,A.E. ,Mayles,P.","The energy correction factor of LiF thermoluminescent dosemeters in megavoltage beams: Monte Carlo simulations and experiment"
"MOBIT(1997)",1997,"4B06","Cavity theory,EGS4 Monte Carlo study","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,1319-1334(1997)","Mobit,P.N.,Nahum,A.E.,Mayles,P.","An EGS4 Monte Carlo examination of general cavity theory"
"MOBIT(1999B)",1999,"4B10","Detector response to MeV photon beams","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,2503-2507(1999)","Mobit,P.N.,Sandison,G.A.","A Monte Carlo comparison of the response of the PTW-diamond and the Tl-diamond detectors in megavoltage photon beams"
"MOBIT(2000A)",2000,"4B06","Bragg-Gray theory,deviations from","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,  255-265(2000)","Mobit,P.N.,Sandison,G.A.,Nahum,A.E.","Electron fluence perturbation correction factors for solid state detectors irradiated in megavoltage electron beams"
"MOBIT(2000B)",2000,"4B06","Bragg-Gray theory,deviations from","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,  267-277(2000)","Mobit,P.N.,Sandison,G.A.,Nahum,A.E.","Photon fluence perturbation correction factors for solid state detectors irradiated in kilovoltage photon beams"
"MOBIT(2002A)",2002,"4B06","New cavity theory,MC shows small cavities greatly perturb electron flux","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.101,427-429(2002)","Mobit,P.,Sandison,G.,","A Monte Carlo based development of a cavity theory for solid state detectors irradiated in electron beams"
"MOBIT(2002B)",2002,"4B06","Energy responses of LiF-TLDs,Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.101,383-386(2002)","Mobit,P.","The use of Monte Carlo simulations for accurate dose determination with thermoluminescence dosemeters in radiation therapy beams"
"MOHAI(    )",,"4D1","Quantitative x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,MuliQuant software","Thesis","Ph.D. thesis","Miklos Mohai","Development and applications of quantitative x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"MOHAI(2004A)",2004,"4D1","XPS MultiQuant program calculations","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  805-808(2004)","Mohai,M.,Bertóti,I.","Calculation of overlayer thickness on curved surfaces based on XPS intensities"
"MOHAI(2004B)",2004,"4D1","XPS Multiquant software,quantitative eval of spectra","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  828-832(2004)","Mohai,M.","XPS MultiQuant: multimodel XPS quantification software"
"MOHAI(2006)",2006,"4D1","XPS MultiQuant software,analysis of XPS spectra","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  640-643(2006)","Mohai,M.","XPS MultiQuant: a step towards expert systems"
"MOHAMED(2006)",2006,"4A4","ITS 3.0/ACCEPT,Co60 source design,various materials,densities.","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B243,359-370(2006)","Ali Bellou Mohamed,Joseph Silverman,Douglas E. Weiss,Mohamad Al-Sheikhly","Monte Carlo simulations of complex geometries and an optimal 60 Cobalt source design using the integrated TIGER series (ITS 3.0)"
"MOHAN(1985A)",1985,"4A1A","Accelerators,linear (photon distribs)","Journal","Med. Phys. 12. 592-597(1985)","Mohan,R.,Chui,C.,Lidofsky,L.","Energy and angular distributions of photons from medical linear accelerators"
"MOHAN(1985B)",1985,"4A1A","Primary and scatter dose models ignore electron transport","Journal","Med. Phys. 12. 726-730(1985)","Mohan,R.,Chui,C-S.","Validity of the concept of separating primary and scatter dose"
"MOHAN(1986A)",1986,"4A1A","Pencil beam model (photon)","Journal","Med. Phys. 13,   64-73(1986)","Mohan,R.,Chui,C.,Lidofsky,L.","Differential pencil beam dose computation model for photons"
"MOHAN(1988)",1988,"4A3A","Treatment planning algorithms","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15,  481-495(1988)","Mohan,R.,Barest,G.,Brewster,L.J.,Chui,C.S.,Kutcher,G.J.,Laughlin,J.S.,Fuks,Z.","A comprehensive three-dimensional radiation treatment planning system"
"MOHAN(1989A)",1989,"4A3A","3D treatmnt planning algorithms (review)","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 12, 73-91(1989)","Mohan,R.","Three-dimensional radiation treatment planning (review)"
"MOHAN(1989B)",1989,"4A3A","3D treatmnt planning algorithms (review)","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 12,241-251(1989)","Mohan,R.","Dose computations for three-dimensional radiation treatment planning (review)"
"MOHAN(1992)",1992,"4A3A","Computer-aided optimization of 3-D conformal treatment planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  933-944(1992)","R. Mohan,G. S. Mageras,B. Baldwin,L. J. Brewster,G. J. Kutcher,S. Leibel,C. M Burman,C. C. Ling ,Z. Fuks","Clinically relevant optimization of 3-D conformal treatments"
"MOHAN(2001)",2001,"4A3A","Point/counterpoint on Monte Carlo vs analytical methods for dose calcs","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  123-126(2001)","Mohan,R.,Antolak,J.","Monte Carlo techniques should replace analytical methods for estimating dose distributions in radiotherapy treatment planning"
"MOHR(1997)",1997,"4C5","EBIC,looks like a nice review,analytical method compared with MC","Journal","J. Microsc. 187,119- (1998)","Mohr,H.,Sunstan,D.J.","Electron-beam-generated carrier distributions in semiconductor multilayer structures"
"MOIOLI(2000)",2000,"4C4","XRFanalysis, a non-destructive technique, 500 works of art studied","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 29,  48-52(2000)","P. Moioli, C. Seccaroni","Analysis of art objects using a portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer"
"MOISEENKO(1998)",1998,"4E5","Modeled SSB,DSB in DNA by ionizing radiations, used Monte Carlo","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 74, 533-550(1998)","Moiseenko,V.V.,Hamm,R.N.,Waker,A.J.,Prestwich,W.V.","Modeling DNA damage induced by different energy photons and tritium beta-particles"
"MOISEENKO(2001A)",2001,"4E5","Radiation-induced damage in DNA modeled by MC","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 40:  23-31(2001)","Moiseenko,V.V.,Hamm,R.N.,Waker,A.J.,Prestwich,W.V.","Calculations of radiation-induced DNA damage from photons and tritium beta-particles  Part I: Model formulation and basic results"
"MOISEENKO(2001B)",2001,"4E5","Yields of DNA strand breaks calculated by MC for Cs137,tritium beta","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 40:  33-38(2000)","Moiseenko,V.V.,Waker,A.J.,Hamm,R.N.,Prestwich,W.V.","Calculations of radiation-induced DNA damage from photons and tritium beta-particles  Part II: Tritium RBE and damage complexity"
"MOLCHANOVA(1994)",1994,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence analysis (review)","Journal","Industrial Laboratory 60,90-99(1994)","Molchanova,E.I.,Smagunova,A.N.,Kozlov,V.A.,Azmuko,N.A.","Constraint equations in x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"MOLINARI(1998)",1998,"4E2","Slowing down of particles","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 51,  387-388(1998)","Molinari,V.G.,Fernandez,J.E.","Slowing down and range of a beam of particles"
"MOLINARI(2004)",2004,"2C","Photon,electron transport,Liouville eq.,Boltzmann,Fokker-Planck","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213, 75-81(2004)","Molinari,V.G.,Manservisi,S.,Rocchi,F.,Teodori,F.","Modeling of radiation transport"
"MOLLER(1995)",1995,"4C3","EPMA,thickness determination accuracy","Journal","Microchim. Acta 119,   41-47(1995)","Moller,A.,Weinbruch,S.,Stadermann,F.J.,Ortnere,H.M.,Neubeck,K.,Balogh,A.G.,Hahn,H.","Accuracy of film thickness determination in electron probe microanalysis"
"MORA(1999A)",1999,"4B04","Co-60 source spectrum,M.C.simul","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,2494-2502(1999)","Mora,G.M.,Maio,A.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Monte Carlo simulation of a typical Co-60 therapy source"
"MORAWSKA-KACZYNSKA(1992)",1992,"3C","Energy deposition calculation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,2103-2116(1992)","Morawska-Kaczynska,M.,Huizenga,H.","Numerical-calculation of energy deposition by broad high-energy electron-beams 2. Multilayered geometry"
"MOREL(1979A)",1979,"2C","Extended transport cross section","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  71,  64-71(1979)","Morel,J.E.","On the validity of the extended transport cross-section correction for low-energy electron transport"
"MOREL(1979B)",1979,"2C","Use standard transport codes for electron transport,approx cross sects","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 33,676-677(1979)","Morel,J.E.","Discrete ordinates electron transport calculations using standard neutron transport codes"
"MOREL(1982)",1982,"2C","Survey,solution of Boltmann, Fokker-Planck equations","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 41,475-476(1982)","Morel,J.E.,Wienke,B.R.","Advances in discrete-ordinates electron transport"
"MOREL(1985A)",1985,"2C","Discrete ordinates solution","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  89,131-136(1985)","Morel,J.E.","An improved Fokker-Planck angular differencing scheme"
"MOREL(1985B)",1985,"2C","Discrete ordinates solution","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  91,324-331(1985)","Morel,J.E.","Multigroup Legendre coefficients for the diamond difference continuous slowing down operator"
"MOREL(1989)",1989,"2C","Collocation-Galerkin-Sn method for Boltz equ; highly anisotropic scatt","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 101, 72-87(1989)","Morel,J.E.","A hybrid collocation-Galerkin-Sn method for solving the Boltzmann transport equation"
"MOREL(1991)",1991,"2C","Sn method","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 107,330-342(1991)","Morel,J.E.,Manteuffel,T.A.","An angular multigrid acceleration technique for Sn equations with highly forward-peaked scattering"
"MOREL(1996)",1996,"2B","Monte Carlo solution of BFP equation","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 124,369-389(1996)","Morel,J.E.,Lorence,L.J.,Kensek,R.P.,Halbleib,J.A.,Sloan,D.P.","A hybrid multigroup/continuous-energy Monte Carlo method for solving the Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck equation"
"MOREL(1999)",1999,"2C","Second-order sef-adjoint equation for full angular flux analyzed,solved","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 132,312-325(1999)","Morel,J.E.,McGhee,J.M.","A self-adjoint angular flux equation"
"MORI(1993)",1993,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method,light elements,scattering effects","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 36,   47-57(1993)","Mori,S.,Mantler,M.","Application of the fundamental parameter method to analysis of light element compounds considering scattering effects"
"MORI(2004)",2004,"4C6","Statistical analysis on energy distribution of precipitating elelctrons","Journal","Annales Geophysicae 22,1613-1622(2004)","Mori,H.,Ishii,M.,Murayama,Y.,Kubota,M.,Sakanoi,K.,Yamamoto,M.Y.,Monzen,Y.,Lummerzheim,D.,Watkins,B.J.","Energy distribution of precipitating electrons estimated from optical and cosmic noise absorption measurements"
"MORSTIN(1985)",1985,"4E4","Microdosimetric distributions in tissues","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  13,103-110(1985)","Morstin,K.,Kawecka,B.,Booz,J.","Combined primary and secondary particle transport calculations of microdosimetric distributions in tissues and tissue substitutes"
"MOTHERSILL(2006)",2006,"4A6","The promise of targeted radiotherapy using radiopharmaceuticals","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 47,  899-900(2006)",,"Targeted radiotherapy: Is the ‘‘Holy Grail’’ in sight?"
"MOTZ(1969)",1969,"1A",,"Journal","Rev. Mod. Phys. 41,581-639(1969)","Motz,J.W.,Olsen,H.A.,Koch,H.W.","Pair production by photons"
"MOYERS(2000)",2000,"4E3","W-value for proton beams using paired gas method","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,2363-2368(2000)","Moyers,M.F.,Vatnitsky,Miller,D.W.,Slater,J.M.","Determination of the air w-value in proton beams using ionization chambers with gas flow capability"
"MOZEJKO(2003)",2003,"4E5","Differential,integral cross sects calculations;ioniz threshold to 5000 eV","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 42:201-211(2003)","Mozejko,P.,Sanche,L.","Cross section calculations for electron scattering from DNA and RNA bases"
"MOZEJKO(2005)",2005,"4E5","Elastic cross sects for selected components of DNA,RNA calculated","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 73,    77-84(2005)","Mozejko,P.,Sanche,L.","Cross sections for electron scattering from selected components of DNA and RNA"
"MOZUMDER(1989)",1989,"4E5","Range,range straggling,N2,O2,H2O","Journal","J. Phys. Chem.  89,  930-936(1989)","Mozumber,A.,LaVerne,J.A.","Range and range straggling of low energy electrons; general considerations and application to N2, O2, and H2O"
"MROZ(1994)",1994,"4D1","AES review","Journal","Prog. Surf. Sci. 46,377-437(1994)","Mroz,S.","Physical foundation of quantitative Auger analysis"
"MROZEK(1992)",1992,"4E8C","AuPd alloys,inelastic mfp study","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 18,403-$    (1992)","Mrozek,P.,Lesiak,B.,Jablonski,A.","title not obtained yet"
"MUBATA(1995)",1995,"4B09","Ionization chamber design","Prepint","Preprint,AAPM mtg,1995","Mubata,C.D.,Warrington,A.P.","Characteristics of a newly designed parallel-plate chamber for photon and electron beam dosimetry"
"MUEHLLEHNER(2006)",2006,"4A5C","PET review article","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R117-R137(2006)","Muehllehner,G.,Karp,J.S.","Positron emission tomography"
"MUKOYAMA(2005)",2005,"1A","Electron shakeup,shakeoff probabilities calculated for K,L,M electrons","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  64-68(2005)","Mukoyama,T.","Electron shake process following inner-shell ionization"
"MULLER-RUNKEL(1997)",1997,"4A2","Pencil beam algorithm","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,    91-101(1997)","Muller-Runkel,R.,Cho,S.H.","Evaluation of a commercial 3-dimensional electron pencil beam algorithm"
"MURAKI(2005)",2005,"4A5A","Survey of visualization and analysis techniques for medical 3D images","Journal","Systems & Computers in Japan 37,13-42(2005)","Shigeru Muraki,Yasuyo Kita","A survey of medical applications of 3D image analysis and computer graphics (review)"
"MURASE(1989)",1989,"2B","Transport of x-rays,gamma-rays,M.C.simul","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,28,1072-1078(1989)","Murase,K.,Kataoka,M.,Kawamura,M.,Tanada,S.,Hamamoto,K.","Simulation study on the behavior of x-rays and gamma-rays in an inhomogeneous-medium using the Monte-Carlo technique"
"MURASE(2003)",2003,"4A5B","SPECT,review of principle, clinical applications of spectral analysis","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 17, 427–434 (2003)","Kenya Murase","Spectral analysis: principle and clinical applications (review)"
"MURATA(1971)",1971,"2B","Electron scattering in a solid,M.C.","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 10,  679-685(1971)","Murata,K.,Matsukawa,T.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo calculations on electron scattering in a solid target"
"MURATA(1978)",1978,"4C7","Lithography,e-beam,3D M.C.study","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 17,1851-1860(1978)","Murata,K.,Nomura,E.,Nagami,K.,Kato,T.,Nakata,H.","A three-dimensional study of the absorbed energy density in electron-resist films on substrates"
"MURATA(1983)",1983,"4C3","EPMA,Monte Carlo,films,1-10 keV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 54,1110-1114(1983)","Murata,K.,Kotera,M.,Nagami,K.","Quantitative electron microprobe analysis of thin films on substrates with a new Monte Carlo simulation"
"MURATA(1985A)",1985,"4C7","X-ray lithography (M.Carlo model)","Journal","IEEE Trans Elec Dev ED-32, 1694-1703(1985)","Murata,K.,Kotera,M.,Nagami,K.,Namba,S.","Monte Carlo modeling of the photo and Auger electron production in x-ray lithography with synchrotron radiation"
"MURATA(1985B)",1985,"4C7","X-ray lithography","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 57,  575-580(1985)","Murata,K.","Theoretical studies of the electron scattering effect on developed pattern profiles in x-ray lithography"
"MURATA(1987A)",1987,"4C7","Lithography,M.C. modeling (review)","Journal","Adv. Elect. Elect. Phys.69,175-259(1987)","Murata,K.,Kyser,D.F.","Monte Carlo methods and microlithography simulation for electron and x-ray beams"
"MURATA(1987B)",1987,"3C","Energy dep,resists,M.C.simul","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 5,  124-128(1987)","Murata,K.,Kawata,H.,Nagami,K.,Hirai,Y.,Mano,Y.","Studies of energy dissipation in resist films by a Monte Carlo simulation based on the Mott cross section"
"MURATA(1989)",1989,"4C3","EPMA,Monte Carlo,thin Au films on Si","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 66,4456-4461(1989)","Murata,K.,Sugiyama,K.","Quantitative electron microprobe analysis of ultrathin gold thin films on substrates"
"MURATA(1990)",1990,"4C7","X-ray lithography","Journal","Optik 84,163-168(1990)","Murata,K.,Tanaka,M.,Kawata,H.","Theoretical study of energy absorption in x-ray lithography with monochromatic x-rays"
"MURATA(1995)",1995,"4C7","MC simul,photo-,Auger electrons,in Si or Ge doped PMMA films","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B13,  821-825(1995)","Murata,K.,Yasuda,M.,Kawata,H.,Matsuda,T.","Effects of heavy atoms added into a resist on energy absorption in x-ray lithography"
"MURATA(1995A)",1995,"4D1","Monte Carlo model,simulates photoelectrons,Augers in resist","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B13,  821-825(1995)","Murata,K.,Yasuda,M.,Kawata,H.,Matsuda,T.","Effect of heavy atoms added into a resist on energy absorption in x-ray lithography"
"MURATA(1995B)",1995,"2B","M.C.modeling,discrete energy loss","Journal","Scanning 17,228-234(1995)","Murata,K.,Yasuda,M.,Kawata,H.","Effects of the introduction of the discrete energy-loss process into Monte-Carlo simulation of electron-scattering"
"MURATA(1996)",1996,"4D3","Sec. emiss,M.C.sim,films/substrates","Journal","Scanning Microsc 10,  613-624(1996)","Murata,K.,Yasuda,M.,Kawata,H.","Monte Carlo simulation of secondary electron emission from thin film/substrates targets"
"MURRAY(1990)",1990,"2B","EGS4 code,medical applics (review)","Journal","Australas Phy Eng Sci Med 13,132-147(1990)","Murray,D.","Using EGS4 Monte Carlo in medical radiation physics (review)"
"MUSKET(1990)",1990,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence, oxygen","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 19,185-192(1990)","Musket,R.G.","X-ray fluorescence analysis for oxygen on and in materials"
"MUTIC(2001)",2001,"4A3B","Various factors affecting room shielding for IMRT","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50,  239-246(2001)","Mutic,S.,Low,D.A.,Klein,E.E.,Dempsey,J.F.,Purdy,J.A.","Room shielding for intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment facilities"
"MYKELBUST(1995)",1995,"4C3","EPMA.Monte Carlo of secondary x-ray fluorescence,boundaries","Journal","Scanning 17,235-242(1995)","Myklebust,R.L.,Newbury,D.E.","Monte Carlo modeling of secondary x-ray fluorescence across phase boundaries in electron probe microanalysis"
"MYKLEBUST(1976)",1976,"2B","NBS MC program description,comparison with electron data,PHI(x)","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p.105-128","Myklebust,R.L.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.","NBS Monte Carlo electron trajectory calculation program"
"NACP(1980)",1980,"4A1","Radiation therapy dosimetry procedures","Journal","Acta Radiol Oncol. 19, 55-79(1980)","NACP","Procedures in external radiation therapy dosimetry with electron and photon beams with maximum energies between 1 and 50 MeV"
"NADROWITZ(2001)",2001,"4B07","Quantify dose enhancement vs angle,distance betw metal & detector","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  959-965(2001)","Nadrowitz,R.,Feyerabend,T.","Backscatter dose from metallic materials due to obliquely incident high-energy photon beams"
"NAGATOMI(1999)",1999,"4E8A","Energy loss spectra,surface excitations","Journal","Surf. Sci. 419,158-173(1999)","Nagatomi,T.,Shimizu,R.,Rithchie,R.H.","Energy loss functions for electron energy loss spectroscopy"
"NAGATOMI(2003A)",2003,"4C2","MC code to calc x-ray spectrum,includes fluorescent X-rays","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,42,6663-6671(2003)","Nagatomi,T.,Hibi,T.,Takai,Y.,Obori,K.,Awata,S.,Yurugi,T.","Monte Carlo modeling of generation of characteristic, continuous and fluorescent X-rays by electron impact"
"NAGATOMI(2003B)",2003,"4E8B","Eff energy-loss functions for Al,Cu,Ag,Au from REELS spectra (1 keV)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  174-178(2003)","Nagatomi,T.,Takai,Y.,Crist,B.V.,Goto,K.,Shimizu,R.","Construction of database of effective energy-loss functions"
"NAGATOMI(2005)",2005,"4C3","MC simul x-ray spectra,compared with expt,K-,L-lines and continuum","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  887-894(2005)","Nagatomi,T.","Monte Carlo modeling of electron-excited X-ray emission from bulk materials and thin-film/substrate systems"
"NAGEL(1975)",1975,"1B","Inelast scattering,local field effects","Journal","Phys. Rev. B11,1623-1635(1975)","Nagel,S.R.,Witten,T.A.","Local field effects on inelastic electron scattering"
"NAGLE(2004)",2004,"4A6","Nuclear medicine in 2004, a set of reviews","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 45,    15N(2004)",,"The annual newsline review: The state of nuclear medicine (review)"
"NAGLE(2007)",2007,"4A6","Short introduction to reviews of state of nuclear medicine in 2007","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 48,   13N-14N(2007)","Conrad Nagle","The state of nuclear medicine, 2007"
"NAHUM(1988)",1988,"4B07","Dosimeter response, cavity theory, dose enhancement at interfaces","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 25,523-547(1989)","Nahum,A.E.","Simulation of dosimeter response and interface effects"
"NAHUM(1996A)",1996,"4B07","Dosimetry,perturbation effects (review)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1531-1580(1996)","Nahum,A.E.","Perturbation effects in dosimetry. 1. Kilovoltage x-rays and electrons"
"NAHUM(1996B)",1996,"4B03","Tumour control probability study,targeted therapy,beta emitters","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1957-1972(1996)","Nahum,A.E.","Microdosimetry and radiocurability: modeling targeted therapy with beta-emitters"
"NAHUM(1999)",1999,"2B","Condensed history M.C.,applications","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,163-173(1999)","Nahum,A.E.","Condensed history Monte Carlo simulation for charged particles: what can it do for us?"
"NAJAR(1991A)",1991,"4C5","EBIC,amorphous silicon,pair generation","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 69,3975-3985(1991)","Najar,S.,Equer,B.,Lakhoua,N.","Electronic transport analysis by electron-beam-induced current at variable energy of thin-film amorphous semiconductors"
"NAJAR(1991B)",1991,"4C5","EBIC,Si:H,electron range,e generation","Journal","Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 258,1157-1162(1992)","Najar,S.,Equer,B.,Chevrier,J.B.","Electron range and electron generation function in A-Si:H"
"NAKAMORI(1993)",1993,"4C2","X-ray spectra,M.C.,electron energy dist eff","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,32,4019-4025(1993)","Nakamori,N.,Yamano,K.,Yamada,M.,Kanamori,H.","Effect of electron-energy distribution on bremsstrahlung spectrum"
"NAKAMORI(1994)",1994,"4C2","X-ray spectra,calcs","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,33, 347-352(1994)","Nakamori,N.,Yamano,K.,Yamada,M.,Kanamori,H.","Calculation of characteristic x-rays in diagnostic x-ray spectrum"
"NAKAMURA(1978)",1978,"4B01","E/P MC code,TAURUS,calculated spatial bremsstrahlung distribution","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 151,277-284(1978)","Nakamura,T.,Hirayma,H.,Shin,K.","Shielding study of bremsstrahlung in bulk media with electrons.  Part II: Spatial bremsstrahlung distribution in water, aluminum, iron and lead bombarded by 22 MeV electrons"
"NAMITO(1991)",1991,"4B02","Photon transport,Monte Carlo","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 28,  695-706(1991)","Namito,Y.,Ueki,K.","Gamma-ray transport calculation including bremsstrahlung by Monte Carlo code MORSE"
"NAMITO(1993)",1993,"2B","EGS4 code,linearly-polariz photon scat","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A332,277-283(1993)","Namito,Y.,Ban,S.,Hirayama,H.","Implementation of linearly-polarized photon-scattering into the EGS4 code"
"NAMITO(1994)",1994,"2B","EGS4 code,Doppler broadening inplem","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A349,489-494(1994)","Namito,Y.,Ban,S.,Hirayama,H.","Implementation of the Doppler broadening of a Compton-scattered photon into the EGS4 code"
"NAMITO(1995A)",1995,"2B","EGS4 code,Compton scattering","Report","KEK internal report,95-10 (Aug 1995)","Namito,Y.,Ban,S.,Hirayama,H.","LSCAT: low-energy photon-scattering expansion for the EGS4 code"
"NAMITO(1995B)",1995,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,low E","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 120,199-210(1995)","Namito,Y.,Ban,S.,Hirayama,H.","Effects of linear-polarization and Doppler broadening on the exposure buildup factors of low-energy gamma-rays"
"NAMITO(1997)",1997,"2B","EGS4 code,inner-shell ioniz,relaxation","Conference","2nd Intl Electron Transport Workshop, Seattle,Jun 97","Namito,Y.,Hirayama,H.","Improvement of EGS4 code on the inner-shell ionization and relaxation"
"NAMITO(1998)",1998,"4B01","EGS4 code, low E photons,improved","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  283-294(1998)","Namito,Y.,Hirayma,H.,Ban,S.","Improvements of low energy photon transport in EGS4"
"NAMITO(1999)",1999,"2B","EGS4 code, impact ionization implem","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A423,238-246(1999)","Namito,Y.,Hirayama,H.","Implementation of electron impact ionization into the EGS4 code"
"NAPSHAN(2001)",2001,"3A","Backscattered electrons in the SEM","Journal","Microscopy & Analysis 81,9-11(Jan 2001)","Napchan,E.","Backscattered electrons in the scanning electron microscope (tutorial)"
"NAQA(2005)",2005,"4A3A","Five Monte Carlo denoising techniques compared using a test set","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,  909-922(2005)","Naqa,I.E.,Kawrakow,I.,Fippel,M.,Siebers,J.V.,Lindsay,P.E.,Wickerhauser,M.V.,Vicic,M.,Zakarian,K.,Kauffmann,N.,Deasy,J.O.","A comparison of Monte Carlo dose calculation denoising techniques"
"NARIYAMA(1995)",1995,"2B","EGS4,1.5-50 keV photons, dose calcs","Journal","Health Phys. 68,253-260(1995)","Nariyama,N.,Tanaka,S.,Nakane,Y.,Namito,Y.,Hirayama,H.,Ban,S.,Nakashima,H.","Absorbed dose measurements and calculations in phantoms for 1.5 to 50 keV photons"
"NARIYAMA(1997)",1997,"4B09","Dosimetry (TLD's,cavity theory)","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 34,  137-147(1997)","Nariyama,N.,Tanaka,S.","Responses of LiF TLD in different media and cavity ionization theory for low energy photons below 200 keV"
"NASSIOPOULOU(1988)",1988,"4C3","EPMA,film thickness, buried layer","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series   93,157-158(1988)","Nassiopoulou,A.G.,Valamontes,E.","Film thickness distribution and thickness measurements of buried layers using the electron probe microanalysis"
"NASSIOPOULOU(1990)",1990,"4C3","EPMA,AES,x-ray induced enhancement","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 15,405-414(1990)","Nassiopoulou,A.G.,Valamontes,E.","Monte Carlo calculations of the x-ray induced enhancement signal in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) of stratified materials"
"NATH(1980)",1980,"3C","E-beam dose distribs,semiempir model","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys   6,   67-73(1980)","Nath,R.,Gignac,C.E.,Agostinelli,A.G.,Rothberg,S.,Schulz,R.J.","A semiempirical model for the generation for dose distributions produced by a scanning electron beam"
"NATUSCH(1997)",1997,"4E8A","EELS,detection limits,modeling","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series 153,339-342(1997)","Natusch,M.K.H.,Botton,G.A.,Humphreys,C.J.,Krivanek,O.L.","Modeling of electron energy loss spectroscopy detection limits"
"NATUSCH(1999)",1999,"4E8A","EELS,detection limits,expt & theory","Journal","Micron 30,173-183(1999)","Natusch,M.K.H.,Humphreys,C.J.,Menon,N.,Krivanek,O.L.","Experimental and theoretical study of the detection limits in electron energy-loss spectroscopy"
"NEBESNY(1989)",1989,"4D1","AES,XPS,quantitation (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 61,  469A-481A(1989)","Nebesny,K.W.,Maschhoff,B.L.,Armstrong,N.R.","Quantitation of Auger and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies"
"NEFEDOV(1988)",1988,"4D1","ESCA,depth profiling","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  47,   1-25(1988)","Nefedov,V.I.,Baschenko,O.A.","Relative intensities in ESCA and quantitative depth profiling"
"NEFEDOV(1997A)",1997,"4D1","ESCA,elastic scattering in","Journal","Doklady Akademii Nauk 353,207-209(1997)","Nefedov,V.I.,Fedorova,I.S.","The elastic scattering of the photoelectrons and analytical in ESCA"
"NEFEDOV(1997B)",1997,"4D1","XPS,elastic scattering,,Monte Carlo,transport theory methods","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  85,221-248(1997)","Nefedov,V.I.,Fedorova,I.S.","Account of photoelectron elastic determination of overlayer thickness, in-depth profiling, escape depth, attenuation coefficients and intensities in surface systems"
"NEFEDOV(1998A)",1998,"4D1","Photoelectron elastic scattering effects","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  88,509-516(1998)","Nefedov,V.I.,Fedorova,I.S.","The influence of the photoelectron elastic-scattering on the photoelectron diffraction patterns, in-depth profiling and thin-film thickness determination"
"NEFEDOV(1998B)",1998,"4D1","Photoelectron elastic scatt parameters","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  95,281-287(1998)","Nefedov,V.I.,Fedorova,I.S.","Tabulation of parameters to account for photoelectron elastic scattering solids"
"NEFEDOV(1998C)",1998,"4D1","Photoelectron escape probabilities","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  96,135-140(1998)","Nefedov,V.I.,Nefedova,I.S.","The escape probabilities of the photoelectrons from solids"
"NEFEDOV(1999)",1999,"4D1","XPS,photoelectron elastic scattering review,transport theory,MC,expt","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 100,   1-15(1999)","Nefedov,V.I.","Photoelectron elastic scattering effects in XPS (review)"
"NEFEDOV(2000A)",2000,"4D1","Angular dependence of XPS intensities derived using transport theory","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 107,   3-7(2000)","Nefedov,V.I.,Nefedova,I.S.","Angular distribution of the photoelectrons from solids with account for elastic scattering and non-dipolar transitions: the linearly polarized excitation"
"NEFEDOV(2000B)",2000,"4D1","Angular photoelectron distribution,influence of non-dipolar transitions","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 107,123-130(2000)","Nefedov,V.I.,Yarzhemsky,V.G.,Nefedova,I.S.,Trzhaskovskaya,M.B.,Band,I.M.","The influence of non-dipolar transitions on the angular photoelectron distribution"
"NEFEDOV(2000C)",2000,"4D1","Angular dependence of XPS intensities,partly polarized excitation","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 107,131-137(2000)","Nefedov,V.I.,Nefedova,I.S.","Angular distribution of the photoelectrons from solids with account for elastic scattering and non-dipolar transitions"
"NEFEDOV(2000D)",2000,"4D1","Dependence of the parameter gamma on Z and Ekin-values","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 113,  91-95(2000)","Nefedov,V.I.,Yarzhemsky,V.G.,Nefedova,I.S.,Trzhaskovskaya,M.B.","Systematics of the behavior of nondipolar photoelectron angular distribution parameter gamma"
"NEFEDOV(2002)",2002,"4D1","XPS intensities,influence of nondipolar parameters studied by expt","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 125,153-156(2002)","Nefedov,V.I.,Yarzhemsky,V.G.,Hesse,R.,Streubel,P.,Szargan,R.","Influence of nondipolar parameters on the XPS intensities in solids"
"NEFEDOV(2003)",2003,"4D1","XPS intensities,ang dependence,elastic scat,transport theory approach","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 131-132,  61-65(2003)","Nefedov,V.I.,Nefedova,I.S.,Yarzhemsky,V.G.,Trzhaskovskaya,M.B.,Streubel,P,Szargan,R.","Angular distribution of photoelectrons from solids with account for elastic scattering and non-dipolar transitions up to the second order corrections: the linearly polarized excitation"
"NEGREANU(2004)",2004,"1B","Electron/positron elastic scattering cross-sections,partial-wave method","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213, 55-59(2004)","Negreanu,C.,Stepanek,J.,Joneja,O.P.,Chawla,R.","Validation of new electron and positron data libraries"
"NEGREANU(2005)",2005,"1C","Robust numerical algorithm for multiple-scattering,PENELOPE","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 74,  264-281(2005)","Negreanu,C.,Llovet,X.,Chawla,R.,Salvat,F.","Calculation of multiple-scattering angular distributions of electrons and positrons"
"NELSON(1985)",1985,"2B","EGS4 code system manual","Report","Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Report SLAC-265(1985)","Nelson,W.R.,Hirayama,H.,Rogers,D.W.O.","EGS4 code system"
"NELSON(2003)",2003,"4A6","DNA damage by high-energy charged particles,radiobiology review","Journal","Gravit Space Biol Bull. 16,29-36(2003)","Nelson,G.A.","Fundamental space radiobiology"
"NETI(2003)",2003,"4A6","Issues concerning nonuniform distribution of beta emitters","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 44, 2019–2026 (2003)","Prasad V.S.V. Neti, Roger W. Howell","When may a nonuniform distribution of 131I be considered uniform? An experimental basis for multicellular dosimetry"
"NEUBERT(1980)",1980,"3A","Backscatt coeff,15-60 keV,vs incid angle","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A  59,  35-41(1980)","Neubert,G.,Rogaschewski,S.","Backscattering coefficient measurements of 15 to 60 keV electrons for solids at various angles of incidence"
"NEUBERT(1984)",1984,"3A","Backsc,transm,absorpt data as fn of angle of incidence.","Journal","J. Phys. D 17,2439-2454(1984)","Neubert,G.,Rogaschewski,S.","Measurements of the back-scattering and absorption of 15-60 keV electrons for transparent solid films at various angles of incidence"
"NEUENSCHWANDER(1992)",1992,"4A1B","Fast Monte Carlo method,central-axis dose","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,  107-125(1992)","Neuenschwander,H.,Born,E.J.","A macro Monte Carlo method for electron beam dose calculations"
"NEUENSCHWANDER(1995)",1995,"4A3A","Voxel-type Monte Carlo treatment planning code","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,  543-574(1995)","Neuenschwander,H.,Mackie,T.R.,Reckwerdt,P.J.","MMC - a high-performance Monte Carlo code for electron beam treatment planning"
"NEWBURY(1976A)",1976,"4C3","EPMA,MC techniques review,many topics,examples","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p. 15-44","Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.","Studies of the distribution of signals in the SEM/EPMA by Monte Carlo electron trajectory calculations - An outline"
"NEWBURY(1976B)",1976,"4E9","Magnetic contrast in SEM,MC modification due to magnetic deflection","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p.151-164","Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Myklebust,R.L.","A study of Type II magnetic domain contrast in the SEM by Monte Carlo electron trajectory simulations"
"NEWBURY(1978)",1978,"2B","Monte Carlo,beam spreading simulation","Journal","Ultramicroscopy     3,391-395(1978)","Newbury,D.E.,Myklebust","Monte Carlo electron trajectory simulation of beam spreading in thin foil targets"
"NEWBURY(1979)",1979,"4C2","X-ray generation,M.C.calcs","Book","""Microbeam Analysis - 1979"", Newbury,D.E.,edit,pp 51-53","Newbury,D.E.,Myklebust","Monte Carlo calculations of absolute x-ray generation from solid targets"
"NEWBURY(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,thin films,M.C. & phi(rho*z) calcs","Journal","Scanning 14,Suppl 2,13-?(1992)(Proceedings of Scanning 92)","Newbury,D.E.","A comparison of Monte Carlo and phi(rho*z) calculations of thin films"
"NEWBURY(1995A)",1995,"4C3","EPMA,standardless,is it worth the risk?","Journal","Anal. Chem. 67, 1866-1871(1995)","Newbury,D.E.,Swyt,C.R.,Myklebust,R.L.","""Standardless"" quantitative electron-probe microanalysis with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry: is it worth the risk?"
"NEWBURY(1995B)",1995,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,NIST M.C. prog","Journal","Microbeam Analysis 4,165-175(1995)","Newbury,D.E.,Myklebust,R.L.","A user's guide to the NIST microanalysis Monte Carlo electron trajectory simulation program"
"NEWBURY(1995C)",1995,"4C3","EPMA,thin film x-ray database","Journal","Scanning 17,Suppl 5,13-$(1995)","Newbury,D.E.","Progress toward establishing a thin film x-ray database for testing Monte Carlo and analytic model calculations"
"NEWBURY(1997)",1997,"4C3","EPMA,chemical compositional mapping at micrometer scale","Journal","Microelectronics Journal 28,489-508(9197)","Newbury,D.E.","Chemical compositional mapping by microbeam analysis at the micrometer scale and finer"
"NEWBURY(1999A)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,role of standardless analysis","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   4, 585-597(1999)","Newbury,D.E.","Standardless quantitative electron-excited x-ray microanalysis by energy-dispersive spectrometry: what is its proper role?"
"NEWBURY(1999B)",1999,"4C3","HI res EPMA with microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometer","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   78,  73-88(1999)","Newbury,D.,Wollman,D.,Irwin,K.Hilton,G.,Martinis,J.","Lowering the limit of detection in high spatial resolution electron beam microanalysis with the microcalorimeter energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer"
"NEWBURY(2000A)",2000,"4E9","TEM & SEM offer most complete tool available for materials charact","Journal","Acta Materialia 48,323-346(2000)","Newbury,D.E.,Williams,D.B.","The electron microscope: The materials characterization tool of the millennium"
"NEWBURY(2000B)",1995,"4C3","Hi-res EDS spectrom,cryogenic microcalorimeter x-ray detector","Journal","J. Radioanalyt. Nucl. Chem. 244, 627-635(2000)","Newbury,D.E.,Wollman,D.A.,Hilton,G.C.,Irwin,K.D.,Bergren,N.F.,Rudman,D.A.,Martinis,J.M.","The approaching revolution in X-ray microanalysis: The microcalorimeter energy dispersive spectrometer"
"NEWBURY(2000C)",2000,"4C3","Low-voltage x-ray microanalysis subject to charging","Journal","Scanning 22,345–351(2000)","Newbury,D.E.","Measures for spectral quality in low-voltage X-ray microanalysis"
"NEWBURY(2001A)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,role of standardless analysis","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   7, 178-192(2001)","Newbury,D.E.","Castaing's electron microprobe and its impact on materials science"
"NEWBURY(2001B)",2001,"4C3","EPMA at NIST historical review, featuring K.F.J.Heinrich","Report","NIST Special Publication 958, Jan 2001","Newbury,D.","Quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"NEWBURY(2002A)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,low voltage,barriers to quantitative microanalysis","Journal","J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.107,605-619(2002)","Newbury,D.E.","Barriers to quantitative electron probe x-ray microanalysis for low voltage scanning electron microscopy"
"NEWBURY(2002B)",2002,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,gas-scattering effects","Journal","J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.107,567-603(2002)","Newbury,D.E.","X-ray microanalysis in the variable pressure (environmental) scanning electron microscope"
"NEWBURY(2002C)",2002,"4C3","EPMA using microcalorimetry,high spectral resolution,250 eV-8 keV","Journal","Microchim. Acta 138, 265-274(2002)","Newbury,D.E.,Wollman,D.,Nam,S.W.,Hilton,G.,Irwin,K.,Small,J.,Martinis,J.","Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry by microcalorimetry for the SEM"
"NEWBURY(2004)",2004,"4C3","EDS of insulators at low voltage,charging effects,spectral artifacts","Journal","Micros. Microanal. 10, 739-744(2004)","Newbury,D.E.","Assessing charging effects on spectral quality for X-ray microanalysis in low voltage and variable pressure/environmental scanning electron microscopy"
"NEWBURY(2004)",2004,"4C3","EPMA,rough samples,corrections for geometric factors using P/B meth","Journal","Scanning 26,103-114(2004)","Newbury,D.E.","Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of rough targets: Testing the peak-to-local background method"
"NEWBURY(2005A)",2005,"4C3","Problems misidentifying constituents using automatic EDXS/EPMA","Journal","Micros & Microanalysis 11,545-561(2005)","Dale E. Newbury","Misidentification of major constituents by automatic qualitative energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis: A problem that threatens the credibility of the analytical community"
"NEWBURY(2005B)",2005,"4C2","NIST simulation software to predict electron-excited X-ray spectra","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1045-1053 (2005)","Newbury,D.E.,Myklebust,R.L.","Simulation of electron-excited X-ray spectra with NIST-NIH Desktop Spectrum Analyzer (DTSA)"
"NEWBURY(2006A)",2006,"4C3","X-ray mapping: most popular mode for EPMA,complex microstructures","Journal","Micros & Microanalysis 12,  26-35(2006)","Dale E. Newbury","The new x-ray mapping: X-ray spectrum imaging above 100 kHz output count rate with the silicon drift detector"
"NEWBURY(2006B)",2006,"4C3","Dramatically improved EPMA:Si drift detectors,microcalorimeters","Journal","Micros & Microanalysis 12,527-537(2006)","Dale E. Newbury","Electron-excited energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry at high speed and at high resolution: silicon drift detectors and microcalorimeters"
"NEWHAUSER(1997)",1997,"4B06","Dosimetry (cavity chamber)","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  527-533(1997)","Newhauser,W.D.,Brede,H.J.","Influence of cavity size on the response of cavity chambers to 25-MeV and 45-MeV neutrons"
"NICHOL(2001)",2001,"4A5A","Use of nucl medicine,MRI,optic imaging to visualize gene expression","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 42,1368–1374 (2001)","Carolyn Nichol, E. Edmund Kim","Molecular imaging and gene therapy (review)"
"NICHOLSON(1982)",1982,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,quantitative","Journal","J. Microsc. 125,  25-40(1982)","Nicholson,W.A.P.,Gray,C.C.,Chapman,J.N.,Robertson,B.W.","Optimizing thin film spectra for quantitative analysis (EMAS '98 Reference)"
"NICHOLSON(1984)",1984,"4C3","Thin film X-ray spectra,bremsstrahlung","Book","Analytical Electron Microscopy 1984,San Franc. Press,257-262","Nicholson,W.A.P.,Adam,P.F.,Craven,A.J.,Steele,J.D.","The shape of the bremsstrahlung background in thin film X-ray spectra (EMAS '98 Reference)"
"NICHOLSON(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,films,standardless quantitation","Book","EMAS 93 (Proceedings of the 3rd European workshop,Rimini)","Nicholson,W.A.P.","Standardless quantitation of thin film specimens (EMAS '98 Reference)"
"NICHOLSON(1994)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,films,standardless quantit,can neglect absorp,fluor corrections","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115,   53-70(1994)","Nicholson,W.A.P.","Standardless quantitation of thin film specimens"
"NICHOLSON(2000)",2000,"4C3","EPMA,review of the technique(EDX)","Book","EMAS 2000 -  4th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Czech Republic, pp 121-136","Nicholson,W.A.P.","Basic principles of x-ray microanalysis in the electron microscope (tutorial)"
"NIEDRIG(1971)",1971,"3A","Backscattering from thin films","Journal","Z. Angew. Phys. 31,27-31(1971)","Niedrig,H.","Backscattering of fast electrons by thin foils"
"NIEDRIG(1982)",1982,"3A","Electron backscattering from thin films (review article)","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 53,  15R-49R(1982)","Niedrig,H.","Electron backscattering from thin films (review)"
"NIEDRIG(1988)",1988,"3A","Backscattering,electron imaging,SEM","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series   93,225-230(1988)","Niedrig,H.","Recent developments in backscattered electron imaging"
"NIELSEN(1987)",1987,"4C1","Annih chars of positron beam measured vs mean implantation depth","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 51,1022-1023(1987)","Nielsen,B.,Lynn,K.G.,Chen,Y-C,Welch,D.O.","SiO2/Si interface probed with a variable-energy positron beam"
"NIEMINEN(1988)",1988,"1C","Stopping power, low energy","Journal","Scanning Microsc  2,1917-1926(1988)","Nieminen,R.M.","Stopping power for low energy electrons"
"NIGG(1991)",1991,"2F","3-D deterministic transport theory application","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,   43-53(1991)","Nigg,D.W.,Randolph.P.D.,Wheeler,F.J.","Demonstration of three-dimensional deterministic radiation transport theory dose distribution analysis for boron capture therapy"
"NIKJOO(1989)",1989,"4E5","Event-by-event MC calculation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 34,  691-705(1989)","Nikjoo,H.,Goodhead,D.T.,Charlton,D.E.,Paretzke,H.G.","Energy deposition in small cylindrical targets by ultrasoft x-rays"
"NIKJOO(1991A)",1989,"4E5","MOCA8B MC track structure calc .1-100 keV,cylind vols similar to DNA","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 60,739-756(1991)","Nikjoo,H.,Goodhead,D.T.,Charlton,D.E.,Paretzke,H.G.","Energy deposition in small cylindrical targets by monoenergetic electrons"
"NIKJOO(1991B)",1991,"4E4","Microdosimetry","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,  229-239(1991)","Nikjoo,H.,Goodhead,D.T.","Track structure-analysis illustrating the prominent role of low-energy electrons in radiobiological effects of low-LET radiations"
"NIKJOO(1994A)",1994,"4E5","Heavy ion,electron tracks;yields of DNA single/double strand breaks","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 14, 161-180(1994)","Nikjoo,H.,Charlton,D.E.,Goodhead,D.T.","Monte Carlo track structure studies of energy deposition and calculation of initial DSB and RBE"
"NIKJOO(1994B)",1994,"4E5","4 distinct MC codes->different clustering properties in DNA size targets","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,165-169(1994)","Nikjoo,H.,Terrissol,M,Hamm,R.N.,Turner,J.E.,Uehara,S.,Paretzke,H.G.,Goodhead,D.T.","Comparison of energy deposition in small volumes by electrons generated by Monte Carlo track structure codes for gaseous and liquid water"
"NIKJOO(1997)",1997,"4E5","Strand breaks in DNA by 100 eV - 4.5 keV electrons","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 71, 467-483(1997)","Nikjoo,H.,O'Neill,P.,Goodhead,D.T.,Terrissol,M.","Computational modeling of low-energy electron-induced DNA damage by early physical and chemical events"
"NIKJOO(1998)",1998,"4E5","Track structure,review,theoretical approaches,cluster analysis","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 73, 355-364(1998)","Nikjoo,H.,Uehara,S.,Wilson,W.E.,Hoshi,M.,Goodhead,D.T.","Track structure in radiation biology: theory and applications"
"NIKJOO(1999)",1999,"4E5","MC modeling of DNA damage due to electrons,protons,alphas","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,  31-38(1999)","Nikjoo,H.,O'Neill,P.,Terrissol,M.,Goodhead,D.T.","Quantitative modeling of DNA damage using Monte Carlo track structure method"
"NIKJOO(2000)",2000,"4E5","MC track struct study of Auger electron damage to triple helix DNA","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 76,1607-1615(2000)","Nikjoo,H.,Laughton,C.A.,Terrissol,Panutin,I.G.,Goodhead,D.T.","A method for radioprobing DNA structures using Auger electrons"
"NIKJOO(2001A)",2001,"4E5","Review,Monte Carlo track structure codes,improved cross sections","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:  38-44(2001)","Nikjoo,H.,Uehara,S.,Khvostunov,I.G.,Cucinotta,F.A.,Wilson,W.E.,Goodhead,D.T.","Monte Carlo track structure for radiation biology and space applications"
"NIKJOO(2001B)",2001,"4E5","Track structure,MC simulation,molecular damage at DNA level","Journal","Radiat. Res. 156,577-583(2001)","Nikjoo,H.,O'Neill,P.,Wilson,W.E.,Goodhead,D.T.","Computational approach for determining the spectrum of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation"
"NIKJOO(2002A)",2002,"4E5","Modelling of DNA damage induced by energetic electrons","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,  77-80(2002)","Nikjoo,H.,Bolton,C.E.,Watanabe,R.,Terrissol,M.,O'Neill,P.,Goodhead,D.T.","Modeling of DNA damage induced by energetic electrons (100 eV to 100 keV)"
"NIKJOO(2002B)",2002,"4E5","MC track structure applied to modelling DNA damage,electrons & ions","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,  91-98(2002)","Nikjoo,H.,Goorley,T.,Fulford,J.,Takukura,K.,Ito,T.","Quantitative analysis of the energetics of DNA damage"
"NIKJOO(2003A)",2003,"4A6","Radiation induced bystander effect,biophysical model","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 79,   43-52(2003)","Nikjoo,H.,Khvostunov,I.G..","A biophysical model of radiation induced bystander effect"
"NIKJOO(2003B)",2003,"4E5","Review of aspects of biophysical modelling in radiation biology","Journal","Iran J. Radiat. Res. 1,3-16(2003)","Nikjoo,H.","Radiation track and DNA damage (review)"
"NILSSON(1976)",1976,"4B07","Dosimetry,nonequilibrium","Journal","Acta Rad Ther Phy Biol 14,427-432(1976)","Nilsson,B.,Schnell,P.O.","Buildup effects at air cavities measured with thin thermoluminescent dosimeters"
"NILSSON(1979)",1979,"4A1A","Photon beam dose,from sec electrons","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 24,  901-912(1979)","Nilsson,B.,Brahme,A.","Absorbed dose from secondary electrons in high energy photon beams"
"NILSSON(1983)",1983,"4A1","Photon kerma,absorbed dose","Journal","Acta Radiol Oncol. 22, 77-85(1983)","Nilsson,B.,Brahme,A.","Relation between kerma and absorbed dose in photon beams"
"NILSSON(1985)",1985,"4B07","Dosimetry,nonequilibrium","Journal","Med. Phys. 12, 191-195(1985)","Nilsson,B.,Montelius,A.","Fluence perturbation in photon beams under nonequilibrium conditions"
"NILSSON(1992)",1992,"4B07","Interface dose,ion chamber study","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,1413-1421(1992)","Nilsson,B.,Montelius,A.,Andreo,P.","A study of interface effects in Co-60 beams using a thin-walled parallel plate ionization-chamber"
"NILSSON(1996)",1996,"4B06","Dosimetry,ion chamber,wall effects","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,  609-623(1996)","Nilsson,B.,Montelius,A.,Andreo,P.","Wall effects in plane-parallel ionization chambers"
"NING(1995)",1995,"1C","Multiple scattering (Poisson method)","Journal","Phys. Rev. E52,5621-5633(1995)","Ning,X.,Papiez,L.,Sandison,G.","Compound-Poisson-process method for the multiple scattering of charged particles"
"NIROOMAND-RAD(1996)",1996,"4B07","Dose perturbations,dental interfaces,tissue-titanium","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34,  475-480(1996)","Niroomand-Rad,A.,Razavi,R.,Thobejane,S.,Harter,K.W.","Radiation dose perturbation at tissue-titanium dental interfaces in had and neck cancer patients"
"NISBET(1998A)",1998,"4B09","Dosimeters (ion chambers)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,  435-443(1998)","Nisbet,A.,Thwaites,D.I.","Polarity and ion recombination correction factors for ionization chambers employed in electron beam dosimetry"
"NISBET(1998B)",1998,"4A1A","Photon beam spectrum reconstruction","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,1507-1521(1998)","Nisbet,A.,Weatherburn,H.,Fenwick,J.D.,McVey,G.","Spectral reconstruction of clinical megavoltage photon beams and the implications of spectral determination on the dosimetry of such beams"
"NISBET(1998C)",1998,"4B06","Dosimetry protocols","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,1999-2014(1998)","Nisbet,A.,Thwaites,D.I.,Nahum,A.E.,Pitchford,W.G.","An experimental evaluation of recent electron dosimetry codes of practice"
"NISHIMURA(2000)",2000,"4C1","Sec. electr. emission from positrons,electrons,=<1 keV,MC simulation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B164-165,903-909(2000)","Nishimura,K.,Kawata,J.,Ohya,K.","Comparative study of secondary electron emission from solids under positron and electron impacts"
"NIZIN(1991)",1991,"4A1A","Primary dose is a simple function of the beam radius","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 744-748(1991)","Nizin,P.S.,Chang,X.S.","Primary dose in photon beams with lateral electron disequilibrium"
"NIZIN(1993)",1993,"4A1A","Dosimetry (photon beams)","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1721-1729(1993)","Nizin,P.S.","Electronic equilibrium and primary dose in collimated photon beams"
"NIZIN(1997)",1997,"4A1A","Central axis dose (photons) simple model","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,1775-1780(1997)","Nizin,P.S.,Mooij,R.B.","An approximation of central-axis absorbed dose in narrow photon beams"
"NORMAN(1977)",1977,"1B","Inelastic scattering in Au,E-dependence","Journal","Sol. St. Comm.  22,711-713(1977)","Norman,D.,Woodruff,D.P.","Energy dependence of electron inelastic scattering mean free path in gold"
"NORRISH(1993)",1993,"1A","X-ray abs edges,char lines (formulas)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,410-412(1993)","Norrish,K.,Tao,G.Y.","Empirical equations for calculating wavelengths of x-ray characteristic lines and absorption edges"
"NOVKOVIC(1998)",1998,"4B09","Dosimeters (ion chambers)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,  559-575(1998)","Novkovic,D.,Tomasevic,M.,Subotic,K.","Numerical solutions of differential equations of an ionization chamber: plane-parallel and spherical geometry"
"NUNES(1993)",1993,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry,M.C.calcs,expt","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1243-1250(1993)","Nunes,J.,Prestwich,W.V.,Kwok,C.S.","An evaluation of the EGS4 and CYLTRAN Monte-Carlo codes with regard to boundary beta-ray dosimetry by comparison with experimental beta-ray dose backscatter factors"
"NYGARD(2004)",2004,"4C3","XRF,quantitative thifckness determination,fund param method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,354-359(2004)","Nygard,K.,Hamalainen,K.,Manninen,S.,Jalas,P.,Ruottinen,N.-P.","Quantitative thickness determination using x-ray fluorescence: application to multiple layers"
"NYSTROM(1992)",1992,"4E2","Spencer-Attix theory","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,2143-2146(1992)","Nystrom,U.H.,Nahum,A.E.","A reexamination of the Spencer-Attix cavity integral"
"OBORI(2000)",2000,"4C2","Continuum X-ray generation,W films on Cu subst,15-30 keV","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,39,1418-1425(2000)","Obori,K.,Yurugi,T.,Ding,Z.,Nagatomi,T.,Fujii,K.,Kimura,Y.,Shimizu,R.","Continuum X-ray generation from W film on Cu substrate"
"OBORI(2002)",2002,"4C2","New MC code to calc x-ray spectrum,Cu,W,W on Cu subst","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,41,1616-1617(2002)","Obori,K.,awata,S.,Yurugi,T.,Araki,K.,Nagatomi,T.,Kimura,Y.,Takai,Y.","Development of Monte Carlo simulation of generation of continuous and characteristic X-rays by electron impact"
"OCOLA(1993)",1993,"4C7","X-ray lithography, photoel effects,Monte Carlo modeling","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B11,2839-2844(1993)","Ocola,L.E.,Cerrina,F.","Parametric modeling of photoelectron effects in x-ray lithography"
"OCOLA(1994)",1994,"4C7","X-ray lithography,photo-,Auger electrons must be accounted for","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B12,3986-3989(1994)","Ocola,L.E.,Cerrina,F.","Parametric modeling at resist-substrate interfaces"
"O'DONOGHUE(1996)",1996,"4B03","Auger-emitting radionucleides for cancer therapy","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1973-1992(1996)","O'Donooghue,J.A.,Whledo,T.E.","Targeted radiotherapy using Auger electron emitters"
"OELFKE(2001)",2001,"4A3A","Inverse planning,photon and proton beams","Journal","Med. Dosimetry 26,113-124(2001)","Oelftke,U.,Bortfeld,T.","Inverse planning for photon and proton beams"
"OGAMA(1990)",1990,"4D1","XPS,film thickness estimate fr background","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 8,2204-2208(1990)","Ogama,T.,Horikawa,T.","Estimation of film thickness from the background signal in x-ray photoemission spectroscopy"
"OGAWA(1989)",1989,"4C7","X-ray lithography","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,28,2070-2073(1989)","Ogawa,T.,Mochiji,K.Soda,Y.,Kimura,T.","The effects of secondary electrons from a silicon substrate on SR x-ray lithography"
"OGAWA(2004)",2004,"4A5B","Causes of distortion in SPECT images and correction","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 18, 171–185 (2004)","Koichi Ogawa","Image distortion and correction in single photon emission CT (review)"
"OGUNLEYE(1980)",1980,"4B06","Cavity theory,Burlin,comp with expt","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 25,  203-213(1980)","Ogunleye,O.T.,Attix,F.H.,Paliwal,B.R.","Comparison of the Burlin cavity theory with LiF TLD measurements for Cobalt-60 gamma-rays"
"OGUNLEYE(1981)",1981,"4B06","Experimental LIF TLD data compared with various cavity theories","Journal","Radiat. Res.  87,251-264(1981)","Ogunleye,O.T.,Fregene,A.O.","Application of cavity theories to high-energy response of LiF dosimeters"
"OGUNLEYE(1985)",1985,"4B06","Cavity theory,proposed modification","Journal","Health Phys. 49,937-944(1985)","Ogunleye,O.T.,Paliwal,B.R.","A proposed modification of the cavity theory for electrons"
"OGUNLEYE(1987)",1987,"4B06","Cavity theory comparison,TLD measmts","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 32,  901-904(1987)","Ogunleye,O.T.","A comparison of the Burlin and Kearsley general cavity theories with LiF TLD measurements for 10 MV x-rays"
"OHNO(1990)",1990,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method,accuracy of results","Journal","Rigaku Journal   7-2,16-21(1990)","Ohno,K.,Yamazaki,M.","Accuracy evaluation of results obtained by fundamental parameter method in x-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"OHNO(1999)",1999,"4D1","1-step model, Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy(APECS)","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 104,109-118(1999)","Ohno,M.","What can we learn by Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy?"
"OHYA(1990)",1990,"4D3","Sec. emission,Monte Carlo,incid angle","Journal","J. Phys. Soc. Jap. 59,2274-2282(1990)","Ohya,K.,Kawata,J.,Mori,I.","Monte Carlo study of dependence of secondary electron emission from copper on incident angle of keV primary electrons"
"OHYA(1991)",1991,"1B","Elastic scattering cross sects,low E,Z","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,30,2611-2612(1991)","Ohya,K.,Kawata,J.,Mori,I.","Elastic scattering cross sections of low energy electrons in solids"
"OHYA(1993)",1993,"1B","Elastic scattering,electrons,positrons,...","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,32,1244-1247(1993)","Ohya,K.,Kawata,J.","Elastic scattering of low energy electrons, positrons, and protons in copper"
"OHYA(1994)",1994,"4D3","Sec. emiss,backscat,Al,Monte Carlo","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,33,4735-4736(1994)","Ohya,K.","Secondary electron emission and backscattering from metal surface under low energy positron and electron bombardment"
"OHYA(2003)",2003,"4D3","PENELOPE code,experimental benchmarks","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B206,  52-56(2003)","Ohya,K.","Comparative study of target atomic number dependence of ion induced and electron induced secondary electron emission"
"OHYA(2004)",2004,"4D3","ELECTRAN code,.1-10 keV,energy,ang distribs- backsc,sec electrons","Report","NIFS-DATA-84 (66 page report including FORTRAN code listings)","Ohya,K.,Chen,A.,Kawata,J.,Nishimura,K.,Kato,D.,Tanabe,T.,Kato,T.","ELECTRAN - Monte Carlo program of secondary electron emission from monoatomic solids under the impact of 0.1 - 10 keV electrons"
"OKADA(1995)",1995,"4C1","Slow positron generation,Monte Carlo simulation system","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,149-153(1995)","Okada,S.,Kaneko,H.","Development of a new Monte Carlo simulation system on positron behaviour in matter"
"OLIVARES(2001)",2001,"4B06","Electron fluence correction factors,EGS4/BEAM,Clinac 18 accelerator","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,1727-1734(2001)","Olivares,M.,DeBlois,F.,Podgorsak,E.B.,Seuntjens,J.P.","Electron fluence correction factors for various materials in clinical electron beams"
"OLIVEIRA(2000)",2000,"4A4","MCNP calcs of dose in Portuguese Gamma Irradiation Facility","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 57,  667-670(2000)","Oliveira,C.,Salgado,J.,Luisa Botelho,M.,Ferreira,L.M.","Dose determination by Monte Carlo - a useful tool in gamma radiation process"
"OLIVEIRA(2005A)",2005,"4B01","Evaluated deterministic,MC methods for calc low-energy shielding","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.115,254-257(2005)","A. D. Oliveira, C. Oliveira","Comparison of deterministic and Monte Carlo methods in shielding design"
"OLIVEIRA(2005B)",2005,"4E5","Photon track evolution,energy deposition,spatial distrib of photon steps","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.115,600-605(2005)","A. D. Oliveira","Photon track evolution"
"OLIVERA(1994)",1994,"4B09","Dosimeters (TLD's, energy response)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  84,  89-94(1994)","Olivera,G.H.,Kessler,C.,Sansogne,R.A.,Saravi,M.","Energy dependence of the response of thermoluminescence dosimeters to photon and electron beams"
"OLKO(1989)",1989,"4E4","Microdosimetric distributions,due to photons","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  29,105-108(1989)","Olko,P.,Schmitz,Th.,Morstin,K.,Dydejczyk,A.,Booz,J.","Microdosimetric distributions for photons"
"OLKO(2002A)",2002,"4E4","Detectors,microdosimetry,electron tracks","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.100,119-122(2002)","Olko,P.,Bilski,P.,Kim,J.-L.","Microdosimetric interpretation of the photon energy response of LiF:Mg,Ti detectors"
"OLKO(2002B)",2002,"4E4","Microdosim,one hit model,MC track structure codes TRION,MOCA-14","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,381-382(2002)","Olko,P.,Waligorski,M.P.R.","Microdosimetric one hit detector model for calculation of dose and energy response of some solid state detectors"
"OLKO(2002C)",2002,"4E4","Microdosimetric one-hit detector model,applications","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 35,255-267(2002)","Olko,P.","The microdosimetric one-hit detector model for calculating the response of solid state detectors"
"OLKO(2006A)",2006,"4E4","Gamma-ray response of TL detectors->input to microdosimetric models","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.119,  15-22(2006)","Olko, P., Bilski, P.,El-Faramawy,N.A.,Göksu, H.Y., Kim, J.L., Kopec, R.,Waligorski, M.P.R.","On the relationship between dose-, energy- and LET-response of thermoluminescent detectors"
"OLKO(2006B)",2006,"4E4","Microdosimetric detector model applied to calc dose response,etc.","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.122,378-381(2006)","P. Olko,P. Bilski,M. Budzanowski,L. Czopyk,J. Swakon,M. P. R. Waligorski","Microdosimetric modelling of the response of thermoluminescence detectors to low- and high-LET ionising radiation"
"OLLINGER(1996)",1996,"4A5C","3D positron emission tomography(PET),scatter correction","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,  153-176(1996)","Ollinger,J.M.","Model-based scatter correction for fully 3D PET"
"O'MEARA(2004)",2004,"4B10","Contribution of Compton scatter interactions found to be significant","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,146-157(2004)","O'Meara,J.M.,Campbell,J.L.","Corrections to the conventional approach to Si(Li) detector efficiency"
"ONO(1979)",1979,"4D3","Secondary emission,analytic model,range-energy power formula","Journal","J. Phys. D 12,  619-632(1979)","Ono,S.,Kanaya,K.","The energy dependence of secondary emission based on the range-energy retardation power formula"
"ORLIC(1993)",1993,"1A","X-ray atten coeffs, parametrization","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  74,352-361(1993)","Orlic,I.,Loh,K.K.,Sow,C.H.,Tang,S.M.,Thong,P.","Parametrization of the total photon mass attenuation coefficients in the energy range 0.1-1000 keV"
"ORLIC(1999)",1999,"1A","X-ray atten coeffs, parametrization","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B150,  40-45(1999)","Orlic,I.,Bogdanovic,I.,Zhou,S.,Sanchez,J.L.","Parametrization of the total photon mass attenuation coefficients for photon energies between 100 eV and 1000 MeV"
"OROSZ(2003)B",2003,"4E8C","EPES-REELS spectra measured,6 materials,.2-5 keV;MC simul","Journal","Vacuum 71,  147-152(2003)","Orosz,G.T.,Gergely,G.,Gurban,S.,Menyhard,M.,Toth,J.,Vargay,D.,Tougaard","Experimental determination of electron inelastic scattering cross-sections in Si, Ge and III-V semiconductors"
"OROSZ(2003A)",2003,"4E8C","EPES,AES,XPS,surface excitation,MC calc & experiment","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   9, 343-348(2003)","Orosz,G.T.,Sulyok,A.,Gergely,G.,Gurban,S.,Menyhard,M.","Calculation of the surface excitation parameter for Si and Ge from measured electron backscattered spectra by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation"
"ORTEGA(1998)",1998,"4D4","Attenuation of low-energy electrons transmitted thru CaF2 thin films","Journal","Phys. Rev. B58,  2233-2239(1998)","Ortega,J.E.,Garcia de Abajo,F.J.,Echenique,P.M.,Manke,I.,Kalka,T.,Dahne,M.,Ochs,D.,Molodtsov,S.L.,Rubio,A.","Interface and bulk effects in the attenuation of low-energy electrons through CaF2 thin films"
"OSADA(2004)",2004,"4C3","EPMA,Monte Carlo program for calculating x-ray spectra","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,334-341(2004)","Osada,Y.","Monte Carlo calculation using a personal computer for electron probe microanalysis"
"OSADA(2005A)",2005,"4C3","Monte Carlo+ EPMA ,TEM used to obtain Al2O3 film thickness","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  92-95(2005)","Osada,Y.","Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) measurement of aluminum oxide film thickness in the nanometer range on aluminum sheets"
"OSADA(2005B)",2005,"4C3","EPMA,composition of Al2O3,BN,AlN,Al4C3 samples,ZAF,Monte Carlo","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  96-100(2005)","Osada,Y.","Monte Carlo study of quantitative EPMA analysis of a non-conducting sample with a coating film"
"OSAN(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,determination of low Z elements in microparticles","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,419-426(2001)","Osan,J.,de Hoog,J.,Van Espen,P.,Szaloki,I.,Ro C.-U,Van Grieken,R.","Evaluation of energy-dispersive x-ray spectra of low-Z elements from electron-probe microanalysis of individual particles"
"OSTAPIAK(1997)",1997,"4A1A","Pencil-beam model, 3-D photon dose calculation","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  743-750(1997)","Ostapiak,O.Z.,Zhu,Y.,Van Dyk,J.","Refinements of the finite-size pencil beam model of three-dimensional photon dose calculation"
"OSTGAARD(1999)",1999,"4C6","Satellite global views of electron precipiation thru imaging FUV,x-rays","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.104, A  5,10191-10204(1999)","Ostgaard,N.,Stadsnes,J.,Bjordal,J.,Vondrak,R.R.,Cummer,S.A.,Chenette,D.L.,Parks,G.K.,Brittnacher,M.J.,McKenzie,D.L.","Global-scale electron precipitation features seen in UV and X rays during substorms"
"OSTGAARD(2001)",2001,"4C6","Global scale images,electron precipitation,wide range of electr energies","Report","Brief report","Ostgaard,N.,Stadsnes,J.,Bjordal,J.,Germany,G.A.,Vondrak,R.R.,Parks,G.K.,Cummer,S.A.,Chenette,D.L.,Pronko,J.G.","Auroral electron distributions derived from combined UV and X-ray emissions"
"OSTWALD(1994)",1994,"4A3A","Treatment planning algorithms","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 28,  731-740(1994)","Ostwald,P.M.,Metcalfe,P.E.,Denham,J.W.,Hamilton,C.S.","A comparison of 3 electron planning-algorithms for a 16 MeV electron beam"
"OSTWALD(1999)",1999,"4A1","Interface dose for electron beams 4-20 MeV,expt,M.C.","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,1404(1999)","Ostwald,P.M.","Determination of the dose distribution of therapeutic electrons at interfaces (Ph.D. thesis)"
"OSWALD(2006)",2006,"4D1","ARXPS,nondestructive in-depth analysis of near surface regions","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  590-594(2006)","Oswald,S.,Zier,M.,Reiche,R.,Wetzig,K.","Angle-resolved XPS: a critical evaluation for various applications"
"OTT(1996)",1996,"4A6","Radionuclide imaging techniques,targeted radionuclide therapy","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,1885-1894(1996)","R. J. Ott","Imaging technologies for radionuclide dosimetry (review)"
"OTT(2003)",2003,"4A5C","Nice tutorial on Positron Emission Tomography (PET)","Journal","Contemporary Physics 44,1-15(2003)","Ott,R.J.","Positron emission tomography: a view of the body's function"
"OUABBOU(1993)",1993,"4C7","E-beam lithography","Journal","Microelectronic Engin. 20,255-275(1993)","Ouabbou,A.,Martinez,J.P.,Lalanne,F.,Gerard,P.,Balladore,J.L.","Proximity effects in electron beam lithography in SAL-601 resists on a Si-SiO2-Si substrate"
"OUELLET(1991)",1991,"1A","Photon attenuation coefficients","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,  987-999(1991)","Ouellet,R.G.,Schreiner,L.J.","A parametrization of the mass attenuation coefficients for elements with Z=1 to Z=92 in the photon energy range from approximately 1 to 150 keV"
"OVERTON(1997)",1997,"4C1","Secondary electron energy spectrum due to positrons 50-2000 eV","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   79,305-308(1997)","Overton,N.,Coleman,P.G.","Measurement of the energy spectrum of secondary electrons ejected from solids by positron impact"
"OWENS(1996)",1996,"4B10","Detectors,silicon, energy response","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A382,503-510(1996)","Owens,A.,Fraser,G.W.,Abbey,A.F.,Holland,A.,McCarthy,K.Keay,A.,Wells,A.","The x-ray energy response of silicon. B. Measurements"
"OWERS(1974)",1980,"4C4","XRF instrumentation,applications - review","Journal","J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.   7,593-603(1974)","Owers,M.J.,","Use of x-ray fluorescence for chemical analysis"
"OXLEY(1999)",1999,"1C","Impact parameters,K- and L-shell ionization by electrons 60 - 400 keV","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   80,125-131(1999)","M. P. Oxley, L. J. Allen","Impact parameters for ionization by high-energy electrons"
"OZ(1999)",1999,"4C4","Average M shell fluorescent yields calculated","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,198-202(1999)","Oz,E.,Erdogan,H.,Ertugrul,M.","Calculation of average M shell fluorescence yields for elements with 29<=Z<=100"
"OZDEMIR(1985)",1985,"3C","Energy deposition calculation using ANISN code","Journal","Radiat. Res. 101,213-224(1985)","Ozdemir,A.,Teng,S.P.,Lindstrom,D.G.,Anderson,D.W.","Calculations for distributions in water for 10-MeV electrons"
"OZMUTLU(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron transport,50 eV-1 MeV,Al","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 45, 963-971(1994)","Ozmutlu,E.N.,Aydin,A.","Monte Carlo calculations of 50 eV -1 MeV positrons in aluminum"
"OZMUTLU(1996)",1996,"4C1","Positron transport,Cu,M.C.calcs","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 47, 185-189(1996)","Ozmutlu,E.N.,Aydin,A.","Monte Carlo calculations of low energy positrons in copper"
"OZMUTLU(1997)",1997,"4C1","Positron transport in Ag,Sn,Au,Pb,150-960 keV,M.C.calcs","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 48, 403-406(1997)","Ozmutlu,E.N.,Aydin,A.","Monte Carlo calculations of medium energy positrons in metals"
"OZTURK(1991)",1991,"1B","Scattering, elastic","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 70,  537-542(1991)","Ozturk,N.,Williamson,W.,Antolak,A.J.","Elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by bound gallium and arsenic atoms"
"OZTURK(1993)",1993,"2B","Monte Carlo,single scat,1-10 keV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 74,4723-4728(1993)","Ozturk,N.,Williamson,W.","Monte Carlo simulation of keV electron transport in solid media"
"PACKWOOD(1981)",1981,"4C3","EPMA,use of Gaussian phi(rho*z)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 10,138-146(1981)","Packwood,R.H.,Brown,J.D.","A Gaussian expression to describe phi(rho*z) curves for quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"PACKWOOD(1983)",1983,"4C3","EPMA, a new theory","Journal","Can. Metallurg. Quarterly 22,211-217(1983)","Packwood,R.H.,Brown,J.D.","A new theory for microprobe analysis"
"PACKWOOD(1988)",1988,"4C3","EPMA,XPS,layered samples","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 11,127-133(1988)","Packwood,R.H.,Remond,G.,Holloway,P.H.","X-ray spectrometry and photoelectron spectroscopy applied to the study of layered samples: SiO2 and SIOX films"
"PACKWOOD(1991)",1991,"4C3","EPMA review,emphasis on functional form for Phi(rho*x)","Book","Electron Probe Quantitation (book), edit. K.F.J.Heinrich,D.E.Newbury,Plenum Press,NY,1991,pp 83-104","Packwood,R.","A comprehensive theory of electron probe quantitation"
"PACKWOOD(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,SEM,thin films/layers,calcs","Journal","Scanning Microsc  6,  367-384(1992)","Packwood,R.H.,Remond,G.","The interpretation of x-ray and electron signals generated in thin or layered targets"
"PADILLA ALVAREZ(2006)",2006,"4C4","XRF,advanatages of digital signal processing,trace elements","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,178-183(2006)","Padilla Alvarez,R.,Van Espen,P.,Estervez Alvarez,J.R.","The advantages of using digital signal processing in polarized x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"PADILLA ALVAREZ(2007)",2007,"4C4","Need for quality control in XRF analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 36,  27-34(2007)","Padilla Álvarez,P.,Markowicz,A.,Wegrzynek,D.,Chinea Cano,E.,Bamford,S.A.,Hernández Torres,D.","Quality management and method Validation in EDXRF analysis"
"PADILLA(2005)",2005,"4C4","XRF,MC estimate,energy spectrum of radiation scattered from sample","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  19-27(2005)","Padilla,R.,Van Espen,P.,Abrahantes,a.,Janssens,K.","Semiempirical approach for standardless calibration in micro-XRF spectrometry using capillary lenses"
"PAEPEN(2005)",2005,"4B10","Stability of x-ray spectrometer system studied,X-PIPS detector","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,417-420(2005)","Paepen,J.,Osorio,V.,Van Espen,P.,Evrard,O.,Van Buul,L.,Keters,M.,Jordanov,V.T.,Burger,P.","High-performance x-ray silicon detector for reliable and industrial research XRF applications"
"PAGANETTI(1998)",1998,"4E6","Monte Carlo study of proton fluence for treatment planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,2370-2375(1998)","Paganetti,H.","Monte Carlo method to study the proton fluence for treatment planning"
"PAGANETTI(2000)",2000,"4E5","Explored relation between tissue response,proton RBE;Katz model","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 76,  985-998(2000)","Paganetti,H.,Gerweck,L.E.,Goitein,M.","The general relation between tissue response to x-radiation (alpha/beta-values) and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons: Prediction by the Katz track-structure model"
"PAGANETTI(2001)",2001,"4E5","2 track structure methods to predict dose-response curves, protons","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 77,  911-928(2001)","Paganetti,H.,Goitein,M.","Biophysical modeling of proton radiation effects based on amorphous track models"
"PAGANETTI(2002B)",2002,"4E6","Proton dose,effectiveness of nuclear interactions,Monte Carlo transport","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,  747-764(2002)","Paganetti,H.","Nuclear interactions in proton therapy: dose and relative biological effect distributions originating from primary and secondary particles"
"PAGANETTI(2004)",2004,"4E6","Faster Monte Carlo scheme for IMRT w. GEANT4,applied to protons","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,  N 75-N81(2004)","Paganetti,H.","Four-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of time-dependent geometries"
"PAGANETTI(2005)",2005,"4A6","Phenomenological biophysical model for RBE of protons","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,2548-2556(2005)","Paganetti,H.","Interpretation of proton relative biological effectiveness using lesion induction, lesion repair, and cellular dose distribution (see references!)"
"PAGNAMENTA(1986)",1986,"4E5","Track structure in H2O,ioniz cross sect","Journal","Radiat. Res. 106,   1-16(1986)","Pagnamenta,A.,Marshall,J.H.","The track structure of electrons in water"
"PAL(2003)",2003,"1B","Ionization of Ns,O2 molecules by electron impact,100-500 eV","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 129,935-41(2003)","Pal,S.,Kumar,J.,Bhatt,P.","Electron impact ionization cross-sections for the N2 and O2 molecules"
"PALIWAL(1975)",1975,"4B06","Cavity theory applied to LiF dosimeters","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 20,  547-558(1975)","Paliwal,B.R.,Almond,P.R.","Applications of cavity theories for electrons to LiF dosimeters"
"PALMANS(1997)",1997,"4E6","Proton depth-dose distributions,low Z","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,1175-1183(1997)","Palmans,H.,Verhaegen,F.","Calculated depth dose distributions for proton beams in some low-Z materials"
"PALMANS(1998)",1998,"4E6","Cavity chamber (proton response)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,    65-89(1998)","Palmans,H.,Verhaegen,F.","Monte Carlo study of fluence perturbation effects on cavity dose response in clinical proton beams"
"PALMANS(2002)",2002,"4E6","Reference ionization chamber dosimetry for clinical proton beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,2895-2905(2002)","Palmans,H.,Verhaegen,Denis,J-M.,Vynckier,S.","Dosimetry using plane-parallel ionization chambers in a 75 MeV clinical proton beam"
"PALMER(2002)",2002,"4E8D","Surface analysis of nanostructures,SPELS","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 34,      3-9(2002)","Palmer,R.E.","New directions in nanoscience: new challenges for surface analysis"
"PALOV(1993)",1993,"5A","Ion-emission,electron transport model","Journal","Vacuum 44,  901-902(1993)","Palov,A.P.,Pletnev,V.V.,Tel'kovsky,V.G.","Electron transport simulation for the ion-electron emission problem"
"PAN(2005)",2005,"4A6","0-19 eV electron induced desorption of OH- from DNA on gold","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   94,198104(1-4)(2005)","Pan,X.,Sanche,L.","Mechanism and site of attack for direct damage to DNA by low-energy electrons"
"PANAJOTOVIC(2006)",2006,"4A6","Effective cross sects for SSB production in plasmid DNA,0.1-4.7 eV","Journal","Radiat. Res. 165,452-459(2006)","Panjotovic,R.,Martin,F.,Cloutier,P.,Hunting,D.,Sanche,L.","Effective cross sections for production of single-stand breaks in plasmid DNA  by 0.1 to 4.7 eV electrons"
"PANCHENKO(2003)",2003,"4D3","Fine structure,Iridium,true sec electron emission spectra,target current","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68,  239-234(2003)","Panchenko,O.F.","Interaction of low-energy electrons with surface: the SEES and TCS study"
"PANCHENKO(2004)",2004,"4D3","Fine structure of true sec electr emission spectra in W below 1 keV","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140,  547-551(2004)","Panchenko,O.F.,Panchenko,L.K.","Fine structure of secondary-electron, target-current, and electron-transmission spectra for slow electrons incident on solids"
"PANIAK(2005)",2005,"4B05","Brems spectra reconstructed from central-axis depth–dose data","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,3245–3261(2005)","Paniak,.L.D,Charland,P.M.","Enhanced bremsstrahlung spectrum reconstruction from depth–dose gradients"
"PANSKY(1996)",1996,"4E3","Fano factor, W-values in counting gases","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 79,8892-8898(1996)","Pansky,A.,Breskin,A.,Chechik,R.","A new technique for studying the Fano factor and the mean energy per ion pair in counting gases"
"PANSKY(1997)",1997,"4E3","Fano factor,W values,gases at low E","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 82,  871-877(1997)","Pansky,A.,Breskin,A.,Chechik,R.","Fano factor and the mean energy per ion pair in counting gases at low x-ray energies"
"PANTENBURG(1992)",1992,"4C4","Quantitative XRF using ""white"" synchrotron radiation","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  68,125-132(1992)","Pantenburg,F.J.,Beier,T.,Schmeling,M.,Van Grieken,R.E.","The fundamental parameter method applied to x-ray fluorescence analysis with synchrotron radiation"
"PANTENBURG(1995)",1995,"4C7","X-ray lithography","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  97,551-556(1995)","Pantenburg,F.J.,Mohr,J.","Influence of secondary effects on the structure quality in deep x-ray lithography"
"PAPARAZZO(1997)",1997,"4D1","XPS,AES spectra, calculation","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  235-244(1997)","Paparazzo,E.","Reflected electron energy-loss microscopy and scanning Auger microscopy study of semiconductor surfaces"
"PAPARAZZO(2005)",2005,"4E8B","REELM tested in surface,interface studies of metals, semiconds,insul.","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,219-231(2005)","Paparazzo,E.","Reflected electron energy loss microscopy (REELM) studies of metals, semiconductors and insulators"
"PAPE(1987)",1987,"4C3","Bremsstrahlung background for x-rays,0.2-10 MeV electron beams","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 16,207-209(1987)","Pape,A.,Sens,J.C.,Georgiadis,A.","Elemental analysis using electron beam-induced K x-rays"
"PAPIEZ(1994A)",1994,"1C","Electron straggling in dose calc","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,1591-1598(1994)","Papiez,L.,McLellan,J.,Sandison,G.A.,Sawchuk,S.,Lu,X.,Battista,J.J","Inclusion of energy straggling in a numerical method for electron dose calculation"
"PAPIEZ(1994B)",1994,"2A","Concepts of radiance & particle fluence","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 39,1053-1062(1994)","Papiez,L.,Battista,J.J.","Radiance and particle fluence"
"PAPIEZ(1995)",1995,"2A","Radiance,particle fluence,reply","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,1732(1995)","Papiez,L.,Battista,J.J.","Radiance and particle-fluence: reply"
"PAPIEZ(1998)",1998,"1C","Multiple scattering approach to Lewis equation","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  257-261(1998)","Papiez,L.,Tulovsky,V.","Diffusion equations and hard collisions in multiple scattering of charged particles"
"PAPIEZ(2000)",2000,"4A2","Multiple scattering distributions,compound Poisson process theory","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,1753-1760(2000)","Papiez,L.,Sandison,G.,Ning,X.,Lu,X.","CPP calculation of multiple scattering distributions for charged particles penetrating compounds or mixtures"
"PAPP(2003)",2003,"4B10","Response of semiconductor detectors[Si(LI),HPGe] to 2-20 keV x-rays","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,458-469(2003)","Papp,T.","On the response function of solid-state detectors, based on energetic electron transport processes"
"PAPP(2005)",2005,"4B10","Parent,escape peaks of Ge detector spectra; Fano factor estimated","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,106-111(2005)","Papp,T.,Lepy,M.-C.,Plagnard,J.,Kalinka,G.,Papp-Szabo,E.","A new approach to the determination of the Fano factor for semiconductor detectors"
"PARAMESH(1998)",1998,"4B02","Photon multiple scattering","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 51,  523-524(1998)","Paramesh,L.,Venkataramaiah,P.","A study of multiple scattering of 835 keV photons from thick samples of Al, Fe, Cu, Sn and Pb"
"PARIPAS(2003)",2003,"4D1","AES,peak shapes,electron impact,post-collision interaction","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68,    33-40(2003)","Paripas,B.","Auger electron peak shapes in electron impact experiments"
"PAROBEK(1978)",1978,"4C3","EPMA at low electron energies","Journal","X-ray Spectrom.   7,  26-30(1978)","Parobek,L.,Brown,J.D.","Atomic number and absorption corrections in electron microprobe analysis at low electron energies"
"PARSAI(1997)",1997,"4A5B","3-D approach for image fusion between bremsstrahlung SPECT & CT","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 38,  319-324 (1997)","E. Ishmae! Parsai, Komanduri M. Ayyangar, Ralph R. Dobelbower, Jeffry A. Siege!","Clinical fusion of three-dimensional images using bremsstrahlung SPECT and CT"
"PASCIAK(2006)",2006,"2B","Efficient electron scattering simulation for high Z and at low energy","Journal","Scanning 28,333-341(2006)","Pasciak,A.S.,Ford,J.R.","An accurate approximation for the highly efficient sampling of polar scattering angle of electron elastic single-scattering events"
"PASEMANN(1981)",1981,"4C5","EBIC contrast of lattice defects,theoretical model","Journal","Ultramicroscopy     6,237-250(1981)","Pasemann,L.","A contribution to the theory of the EBIC contrast of lattice defects in semiconductors"
"PATERSON(1989)",1989,"4C3","EPMA,standardless,x-ray cross-sects","Journal","J. Microsc. 154,    1-17(1989)","Paterson,J.H.,Chapman,J.N.,Nicholson,W.A.P.,Tichmarsh,J.M.","Characteristic X-ray production cross-sections for standardless elemental analysis in EDX"
"PAULY(2005)",2005,"4E8B","Theoretical determination of surface excitation parameter from REELS","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1151-1157(2005)","Pauly,N.,Tougaard,S.,Yubero,F.","Theoretical study of the surface excitation parameter from reflection-electron-energy-loss spectra"
"PAULY(2006)",2006,"4D3","XPS model,determination of surface excitation parameter(SEP)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  672-675(2006)","Pauly,N.,Tougaard,S.,Yubero,F.","Theoretical determination of the surface excitation parameter from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"PAVLINSKII(1993)",1993,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence analysis","Journal","Russ J. of Nondestr.Test'g 29,929-937(1993)","Pavlinskii,G.V.,Pankov,L.V.","Computational modeling of analytical situations in the x-ray fluorescence determination of the thickness and composition of coatings"
"PAVLINSKY(1994)",1994,"4C4","XRF,excitation of elements with low atomic number","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 23,221-228(1994)","Pavlinsky,G.V.,Dukhanin,A.Ju.","Calculation of photo- and Auger electron contribution to X-ray excitation of elements with low atomic number"
"PAVLINSKY(1995)",1995,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence,x-ray excitation of","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 24,293-297(1995)","Pavlinsky,G.V.,Dukhanin,A.Y.","Choice of optimum conditions for x-ray excitation of elements with low atomic number"
"PAVLINSKY(1999)",1999,"4C3","XRF,intensity calculation,approx model","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,183-193(1999)","Pavlinsky,G.V.,Vladimirova,L.I.","Approximate model for calculation of x-ray fluorescence intensity and its use in XRF spectrometry"
"PAVLINSKY(2001)",2001,"4C2","Formula for spectral distribution of X-ray tubes,Cr,Rh,W anodes","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 62,1207-213(2001)","Pavlinsky,G.V.,Portnoy,A.Yu.","Calculating the spectral distribution for X-ray tubes with grounded cathode"
"PAVLINSKY(2002)",2002,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra, theoretical treatment & expt","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,247-251(2002)","Pavlinsky,G.V.,Portnoy,A.Yu.","Formation features of radiation from x-ray tubes with grounded cathode"
"PAVLINSKY(2006)",2006,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method,low Z elements","Journal","J. Anal. Chem. 61,  654-658(2006)","Pavlinsky,G.V.,Dukhanin,A. Yu., Baranov,E.O.,Portnoy,A. Yu.","Theory of the implementation of the fundamental parameter method for the X-ray fluorescence determination of low-atomic-number elements"
"PAVLOVA(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,environmental samples,matrix correction methods","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,239-246(2002)","Pavlova,L.A.,Belozerova,O.Yu.,Paradina,L.Ph.","Methodical peculiarities of x-ray electron probe microanalysis as a promising method to study environmental samples"
"PAVLOVA(2006)",2006,"4C3","EPMA, Fe,Ni,Sn,Zn in copper,reference samples of copper alloys","Journal","J. Anal. Chem. 61,  662–668 (2006)","L. A. Pavlova, S. M. Pavlov","Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of archeological finds of the Baikal region"
"PAVLUCH(2000)",2000,"4E8C","EPES - introduction,application to IMFP of electrons in binary alloys","Book","EMAS 2000 -  4th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Czech Republic, pp 139-144","Pavluch,J.","EPES studies of some binary alloys (tutorial)"
"PAVLUCH(2005)",2005,"4E8C","EPES measurements in Rh/Al system.compared with MC","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  998-1005(2005)","Pavluch,J.,Zommer,L.,Polyak,Y.,Pekárek,Z.,,Jablonski,A.,Lesiak,B.,Hrní,T.,Nehasil,V.","Experimental and model study of the Rh/Al system by means of EPES"
"PAWLICKI(2001)",2001,"4A3A","Review,photon beam Monte Carlo simul for MLC-based IMRT","Journal","Med. Dosimetry 26,257-268(2001)","Pawlicki,T.,Ma,C.M.","Monte Carlo simulation for MLC-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy"
"PAXTON(2005)",2005,"4E8B","Formalism for calculating near K-edge structure in EELS","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,  51-64(2005)","Paxton,A.T.","Theory of the near K-edge structure in electron energy loss spectroscopy"
"PAZSIT(1994)",1994,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation application","Journal","Phys. Rev. B50,13953-13961(1994)","Pazsit,I.,Chakarova,R.","Path-length distribution of electrons reflected elastically from solids"
"PECKERER(1993)",1993,"4C7","Lithography,x-ray (review)","Journal","Proc. IEEE 81,1249-1274(1993)","Peckerer,M.C.,Maldonado,J.R.","X-ray lithography: an overview"
"PEEK(1979)",1979,"1B","Electron & photon cross sections,detailed descriptions","Report","Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND79-0772(1980),121 pages","Peek,J.M.","Cross sections for electron and photon processes required by electron-transport calculations"
"PELLA(1982)",1982,"4C4","XRF,interelement correction methods comparison","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 11,167-169(1982)","Pella,P.A.,Sieber,J.R.","Intercomparison of selected semi-empirical and fundamental parameter interelement correction methods in x-ray spectrometry"
"PELLA(1985)",1985,"4C2","Algorithm for calculating the spectrum of an X-ray tube","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 14,125-135(1985)","Pella,P.A.,Feng,L.,Small,J.A.","An analytical algorithm for calculation of spectral distributions of X-ray tubes for quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis"
"PELLA(1986)",1986,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter interelement correction methods(cont.)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 15,251-258(1986)","Pella,P.A.,Sieber,J.R.","Intercomparison of fundamental parameter interelement correction methods - Part 2"
"PELLA(1997)",1997,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,327-332(1997)","Pella,P.A.,Lankosz,M.","Highlights of x-ray spectrometry for microanalysis"
"PENENT(2005)",2005,"4D1","Relaxation processes after inner shell ioniz studied w coincidence AES","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 144-147,   7-11(2005)","Penent,F.,Lablanquie,P.,Hall,R.I.,Palaudoux,J.,Ito,K.,Hikosaka,Y.,Aoto,T.,Elan,J.H.D.","Coincidence Auger spectroscopy"
"PENG(1996)",1996,"4B01","Photon attenuation","Conference","Proc. ANS Rad. Prot. & Shielding Conf., 695-702(1996)","Peng,W.","Analytical and empirical equations for estimating gamma dose rate through wall penetrations"
"PENG(2001)",2001,"1B","L-shell ioniz cross sections ,Nb,3-40 keV measured","Journal","Chinese Physics 10,31-34(2001)","Peng,Z.,Fu-qing,He,Z.Long,Zhu,A.,Luo,Z.","Measurement of L-shell ionization cross sections for niobium by electron impact"
"PENKUHN(1979)",1979,"4B01","Gamma-ray attenuation,2-layer shields","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Technol. 1,809-$(1979)","Penkuhn,H.","A parametric representation of gamma-ray attenuation in two-layer shields"
"PENN(1976)",1976,"1B","Electron mfps,electron gas model","Journal","Phys. Rev. B13,5248-5254(1976)","Penn,D.R.","Electron mean free paths for free-electron-like materials"
"PENN(1980)",1980,"1B","Electron mfps calculated for several approxs for screening function","Journal","Phys. Rev. B22,2677-2682(1980)","Penn,D.R.","Mean free paths for very-low-energy electrons: The effects of exchange and correlation"
"PENN(1987)",1987,"1B","Inelastic mfp,dielectric funct model","Journal","Phys. Rev. B35,  482-486(1987)","Penn,D.R.","Electron mean free path calculations using a model dielectric function"
"PENN(1994)",1994,"1B","Dielectric function approach to electron,photon response in solids","Journal","Phys. Rev. B51,  6500-6514(1995)","Penn,D.R.,Lewis,S.P. Lewis,Cohen,M.L.","Total dielectric function approach to electron and phonon response in solids"
"PENN(1997)",1997,"1B","Inelastic scatt cross sects by core excit","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   69,  69-81(1997)","Penn,D.R.,Clark,C.W.,Powell,C.J.,Fulop,T.,Tanuma,S..","Theory of the cross sections for inelastic scattering of electrons by core level excitations in solids"
"PENNYCOOK(1995)",1995,"4E8A","EELS,atomic-resolution  in crystalline solids","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  96,575-582(1995)","Pennycook,S.J.,Jesson,D.E.,Browning,N.D.","Atomic-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy in crystalline solids"
"PEPPER(2000)",2000,"4C2","X-ray spectrum calculated with NIST algorithm of PELLA(1985)","Journal","Rev. Sci. Instr. 71,1509-1515(2000)","Pepper,S.V.,Wheeler,D.R.","Quantitative characterization of an x-ray source in an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system"
"PEREZ-CALATAYUD(2000)",2000,"4B06","Tissue overdose from electrons backscattered fr Pb,GEANT MC calcs","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,1841-1849(2000)","Pérez-Calatayud.,J.,Ballester,F.,Serrano,M.A.,Lluch,J.L.,Casal.E.,Carmona,V.","Dosimetric characteristics of backscattered electrons in lead"
"PERRY(1980)",1980,"4A2","E-beam dose, inhomogeneity effects","Journal","Med. Phys.  7, 207-215(1980)","Perry,D.,Holt,G.","A model for calculating the effects of small inhomogeneities on electron beam dose distributions"
"PERRY(1988)",1988,"3B","Electron penetration","Journal","Radiat. Res. 115,  26-43(1988)","Perry,D.","On the penetration of fast charged particles"
"PERRY(1994)",1994,"3B","Electron penetration","Journal","Radiat. Res. 139,214-225(1994)","Perry,D.,Rasis,S.","Models of fast electron penetration"
"PERRY(1997)",1997,"4C4","Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence","Journal","Appl. Spectros. 51,1781-1783(1997)","Perry,D.L.,Thompson,A.C.,Russo,R.E.,Mao,X.L.,Chapman,K.L.","Characterization of quaternary metal oxide films by synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microprobe"
"PERRY(1998)",1998,"3B","Electron penetration","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,    43-55(1998)","Perry,D.,Wollin,M.,Oich,A.,Buffa,A.","Range spectra in electron penetration problems  (extension to the Fokker-Planck equation theory)"
"PERSLIDEN(1984)",1984,"4B02","Photon transport in water","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 29,1075-1088(1984)","Persliden,J.,Carlsson,GA","Energy imparted to water slabs by photons in the energy range 5-300 keV.  Calculations using a Monte Carlo photon transport model"
"PERSSON(1994)",1994,"4B06","Radiation protection,Auger electron eff","Journal","Health Phys. 67,471-476(1994)","Persson,L.","The Auger electron effect in radiation dosimetry"
"PETERSON(1992)",1992,"4C7","Electron beam lithography","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B10,3088-3093(1992)","Peterson,P.A.,Radzimski,Z.J.,Schwalm,S.A.,Russell,P.E.","Low-voltage electron beam lithography"
"PETRINEC(1999)",1999,"4C6","aurora, global observations of x-rays from,PIXIE","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 23,1735-1738(1999)","Petrinec,S.M.,Fenrich,F.,Mobilia,J.,CHenette,D.L.,Rinaldi,M.A.,Imhof,W.L.","The position of the auroral energetic electron precipitation region obtained from PIXIE global x-ray observations"
"PETROVYKH(2004)",2004,"4D1","Characterized single-strand DNA using XPS","Journal","Langmuir 20, 429-440(2004)","Dmitri Y. Petrovykh,Hiromi Kimura-Suda,Michael J. Tarlov,Lloyd J. Whitman","Quantitative characterization of DNA films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"PETTI(1983)",1983,"4A1A","Photon beam dose,electr contamination","Journal","Med. Phys. 10,  18-24(1983)","Petti,P.L.,Goodman,M.S.,Gabriel,T.A.,Mohan,R.","Investigation of buildup dose from electron contamination of clinical photon beams"
"PETTI(1987)",1987,"4A1A","Photon dose in heterogeneous media incl electron transport -15 MeV","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 349-354(1987)","Petti,P.L.,Rice,R.K.,Mijnheer,B.J.,Chin,L.M.,Bjarngard,B.E.","A heterogeneity model for photon beams incorporating electron-transport"
"PETTI(1996)",1996,"4B07","Pencil-beam algorithm for protons,ions in complex patient geometries","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 35,1049-1057(1996)","Petti,P.L.","Evaluation of a pencil-beam dose calculation technique for charged particle radiotherapy"
"PFEIFFER(1996A)",1996,"4C3","Bremsstrahl spectra from multilayers","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,453-462(1996)","Pfeiffer,A.Schiebel,C.,Wernisch,J.","Calculation of bremsstrahlung spectra for multilayer samples"
"PFEIFFER(1996B)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,continuous fluorescence correction,phi(rho*x) function","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,131-137(1996)","Pfeiffer,A.Schiebel,C.,Wernisch,J.","Continuous fluorescence correction in electron probe microanalysis applying an electron scattering model"
"PHELPS(2000A)",2000,"4A5A","PET, SPECT,mammalian biology, molecular therapies and diagnostics","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 41, :661-681 (2000)","Michael E. Phelps","PET: The merging of biology and imaging into molecular imaging (review)"
"PHELPS(2000B)",2000,"4A5C","Principles of PET, a molecular imaging technology","Journal","PNAS 97, 9226-9233 (2000)","Michael E. Phelps","Positron emission tomography provides molecular imaging of biological processes (review)"
"PHILIBERT(1968)",1968,"4C3","EPMA,theory,atomic no. correction,penetration effect,electron range","Journal","J. Phys. D  1,  685-694(1968)","Philibert,J.,Tixier,R.","Electron penetration and the atomic number correction in electron probe microanalysis"
"PIGNOL(2003)",2003,"4A6","Found mechanisms of radiosentization in Pt,Gd are Auger-unrelated","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55,1082-1091(2003)","Pignol,J-P,Rakovich,E.,Beachey,D.,Le Sech,C.","Clinical significance for atomic inner shell ionization (ISI) and Auger cascade for radiosensitization using IUdR, BUdR, platinum salts, or gadolinium porphyrin compounds"
"PIMBLOTT(1990)",1990,"4E5","Electron tracks,H20,energy depos","Journal","J. Phys. Chem.  94,  485-495(1990)","Pimblott,S.M.,LaVerne,J.A.,Mozumber,A.,Green,N.J.B.","Structure of electron tracks in water 1. Distribution of energy deposition events"
"PIMBLOTT(1991)",1991,"4E5","Electron tracks,H20, ionization distrib","Journal","J. Phys. Chem.  95,7291-7300(1991)","Pimblott,S.M.,Mozumber,A.","Structure of electron tracks in water 2. Distribution of primary ionizations and excitations in water radiolysis"
"PIMBLOTT(1996)",1996,"4E5","Electron track structure,H2O,simul","Journal","J. Phys. Chem. 100,8595-8606(1996)","Pimblott,S.M.,LaVerne,J.A.,Mozumber,A.","Monte Carlo simulation of range and energy deposition by electrons in gaseous and liquid water"
"PIMBLOTT(1998)",1998,"4E5","Profound changes in rad chemistry of H2O with electron energy","Journal","Radiat. Res. 150,159-169(1998)","Pimblott,S.M.,LaVerne,J.A.","Effect of electron energy on the radiation chemistry of liquid water"
"PIMBLOTT(2002)",2002,"4E5","Inelast coll cross-sects,mfps,stoppng powers,electrons,positrons,water","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B194,237-250(2002)","Pimblott,S.M.,Siebbeles,L.D.A.","Energy loss by non-relativistic electrons and positrons in liquid water"
"PINSKY(2001)",2001,"4B01","Cosmic rays, Monte Carlo, transport code, simulation software","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:  86-89(2001)","Pinsky,L.S.,Wilson,T.L.,Ferrari,A.,Sala,P.,Carminati,F.,Brun,R.","Development of a space radiation Monte Carlo computer simulation based on the FLUKA and ROOT codes"
"PLACIOUS(1967)",1967,"4B05","Bremsstrahl,thickness,Z,geometry dep","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 38,2030-2038(1967)","Placious,R.","Dependence of 50- and 100-keV bremsstrahlung on target thickness, atomic number, and geometric factors"
"PLAGNARD(2007)",2007,"4B10","HPGe detector efficiency calibrated,variety of x-ray sources,MC simul","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 36,191-198(2007)","Plagnard,J.,Bobin,C.,Lépy,M-C.","Accurate efficiency calibration of a low-energy HPGe detector using a monochromatic x-ray source"
"PLANTE(2005)",2005,"4E5","3D visualization of particle tracks,chemical development in water","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 72,  173-180(2005)","Plante,I.L,Filali-Mouhim,A.,Jay-Gerin,J-P.","SimulRad: a Java interface for a Monte-Carlo simulation code to visualize in 3D the early stages of water radiolysis"
"PLATTEN(1985)",1985,"1B","K-ioniz cross sections,Si,Ar","Journal","Phys. Let. A107,  83-86(1985)","Platten,H.,Schiwietz,G.,Nolte,G.","Cross sections for K-shell ionization of Si and Ar by 4 keV to 10 keV electron impact"
"PLENKIEWICZ(1985)",1985,"4D3","Low E transmission thru thin solid Xe films","Journal","Phys. Rev. B32,1253-1256(1985)","Plenkiewicz,B.,Plenkiewicz,P.,Perluzzo,G.,Jay-Gerin,J.-P.","Analysis of low-energy electron transmission experiments through thin solid xenon films in the elastic scattering region"
"PLENKIEWICZ(1986)",1986,"4D3","Low E electrons thin solid Xe films,energy dependence of mfp","Journal","Phys. Rev. B33,5744- (1986)","Plenkiewicz,B.,Plenkiewicz,P.,Jay-Gerin,J.-P.","Energy dependence of the mean free path of excess hot electrons in solid xenon in the elastic scattering region"
"PLITZKO(1999)",1999,"4E8A","EELS,thin film analysis,electron spectroscopic imaging technique (ESI)","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   78,207-219(1999)","Plitzko,J.M.,Mayer,J.","Quantitative thin film analysis by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy"
"PLIVELIC(1998)",1998,"4B02","Characteristic x-ray generation by electrons,positrons","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 51,  405-406(1998)","Plivelic,T.S.,Chesta,M.A.,Mainardi,R.T.","Characteristic radiation induced by energetic electrons and positrons incident on metallic targets"
"PLUSNIN(2004)",2004,"4E8A","AES,EELS applications to surface/interface characterization","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140, 161-164(2004)","Plusnin,N.I.","Application of AES and EELS for surface/interface characterization"
"POELT(2000)",2000,"4C3","Low V EPMA barely able to measure L lines of transition elements","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 129-135 (2000)","Peter Poelt","Low Voltage EDXS and elements of the first transition series"
"POLT(1996)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,film thickness measuremt","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,463-471(1996)","Polt,P.,Stockl,B.","Thickness measurement of thin films by EPMA: influence of phi(0), macs and substrate"
"POMRANING(1992)",1992,"4A2","Collimated beam,spreading,theor model","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 112,347-360(1992)","Pomraning,G.C.,Prinja,A.K.,VanDenburg,J.W.","An asymptotic model for the spreading of a collimated beam"
"POMRANING(1996A)",1997,"4A2","Pencil beam solutions,higher-order than Fermi and Jette solutions","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,1761-1774(1996)","Pomraning,G.C.,Prinja,A.K.","Higher-order multiple scattering theories for charged particle transport"
"POMRANING(1996B)",1996,"4A2","Fokker-Planck operators","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 124,390-397(1996)","Pomraning,G.C.","Higher order Fokker-Planck operators"
"POMRANING(1997)",1997,"4A2","Pencil beam model","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 127,182-198(1997)","Pomraning,G.C.","A non-Gaussian treatment of radiation pencil beams"
"POMRANING(1998)",1998,"4A2","Pencil beam model","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 130,    1-17(1998)","Pomraning,G.C.,Prinja A.K.","The pencil beam problem for screened Rutherford scattering"
"POMRANING(1999)",1999,"4A2","Pencil beam model solution","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 131,116-122(1999).","Pomraning,G.C.,Prinja,A.K.","Numerical evaluation of a screened Rutherford pencil beam solution"
"PONOMAREV(2001)",2001,"4A6","Polymer chromatin model, non-random DNA breakage.","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:153-156(2001)","Ponomarev,A.L.,Cucinotta,F.A.,Sachs,R.K.,Brenner,D.J.","Monte Carlo predictions of DNA fragment-size distributions for large sizes after HZE particle irradiation"
"POON(2005A)",2005,"2H","Validation of elect/photon physics in GEANT4 toolkit","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,1696-1711(2005)","Poon,E.,Verhaegen,F.","Accuracy of the photon and electron physics in GEANT4 for radiotherapy applications"
"POON(2005B)",2005,"2H","Electron transport algorithm in GEANT4 code needs improvement!","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,  681-694(2005)","Poon,E.,Seuntjens,J.,Verhaegen,F.","Consistency test of the electron transport algorithm in the GEANT4 code"
"POPESCU(2005)",2005,"4A1A","Calibration method,allows incorp of monitor units in MC simulations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,3375-3392(2005)","Popescu,I.A.,Shaw,C.P.,Zavgorodni,S.F.,Beckham,W.A.","Absolute dose calculations for Monte Carlo simulations of radiotherapy beams"
"POPPA(2004)",2004,"4E9","History,future of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) discussed","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B22,1331-1347(2004)","Poppa,H.","High resolution, high speed ultrahigh vacuum microscopy (review)"
"POPPLE(2006)",2006,"4A3A","Commercial macro MC algorithm checked w. standard verification set","Journal","Med. Phys. 33,1540-1551(2006)","Popple,R.A.,Weinberg,R.,Antolak,J.A.,Ye,S-J.,Pereek,P.N.,Duan,U.,Shen,S.,Breszovich,I.A.","Comprehensive evaluation of a commercial macro Monte Carlo electron dose calculation implementation using a standard verification data set"
"POTTS(1992)",1992,"4C4","XRF,review","Journal","J. Geochemical Exploration 44,251-296(1992)","Potts,P.J.,Webb,P.C.","X-ray-fluorescence spectrometry"
"POTTS(1999)",1999,"4C4","XRF spectrometry,1998-99 annual review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,1773-1799(1999)","Potts,P.J.,Ellis,A.T.,Kregsamer,P.,Streli,C.,West,M.,Wobrauschek,P.","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"POTTS(2000)",2000,"4C4","XRF spectrometry,1999-2000 annual review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 15,1417-1442(2000)","Potts,P.J.,Ellis,A.T.,Holmes,M.,Kregsamer,P.,Streli,C.,West,M.,Wobrauschek,P.","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"POTTS(2001)",2001,"4C4","XRF spectrometry,2000-2001 annual review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 16,1217-1237(2001)","Potts,P.J.,Ellis,A.T.,Kregsamer,P.,Streli,C.,West,M.,Wobrauschek,P.","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"POTTS(2002)",2002,"4C4","XRF spectrometry,2001-2002 annual review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 17,1439-1455(2002)","Potts,P.J.,et al.","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"POTTS(2003)",2003,"4C4","XRF spectrometry,2002-2003 annual review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 18,1297-1316(2003)","Potts,P.J.,et al.","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"POTTS(2004)",2004,"4C4","XRF spectrometry,2003-2004 annual review","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 19,1397-1419(2004)","Potts,P.J.,et al.","X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"POUCHOIR(1991)",1991,"4C3","EPMA review,simple parabolic form for Phi(rho*x)","Book","Electron Probe Quantitation (book), edit. K.F.J.Heinrich,D.E.Newbury,Plenum Press,NY,1991,pp 31-75","Pouchou,J.L.,Pichoir,F","Quantitative analysis of homogeneous or stratified microvolumes applying the model ""PAP"""
"POUCHOU(1985A)",1985,"4C3","Microprobe analysis, thin layers","Journal","J. Microsc. Spectrosc. Electron. 10,279-290(1985)","Pouchou,J.L.,Pichoir,F.","Determination by x-ray microprobe of thickness and composition of thin surface layers"
"POUCHOU(1985B)",1985,"4C3","Microprobe analysis","Journal","J. Microsc. Spectrosc. Electron. 10,291-294(1985)","Pouchou,J.L.,Pichoir,F.","Emission and absorption anomalies of the nil-alpha line"
"POUCHOU(1986)",1986,"4C3","EPMA,high-Z, quantification models","Journal","J. Microsc. Spectrosc. Electron. 11,229-250(1986)","Pouchou,J.L.,Pichoir,F.","Very high elements x-ray microanalysis: recent models of quantification"
"POUCHOU(1990)",1990,"4C3","EPMA,surface films (review)","Journal","Scanning 12,212-224(1990)","Pouchou,J.L.,Pichoir,F.","Surface film x-ray microanalysis"
"POUCHOU(1993A)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,stratified specimens,software","Journal","Analyt. Chim. Acta 283, 81-97(1993)","Pouchou,J.L.","X-ray microanalysis of stratified specimens"
"POUCHOU(1993B)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,thin films & stratified specimens (good review)","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 7,167-189(1993)","Pouchou,J.L.,Pichoir,F.","Electron probe x-ray microanalysis applied to thin surface films and stratified specimens"
"POUCHOU(1994)",1994,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,standardless (review)","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115,   33-52(1994)","Pouchou,J.L.","Standardless x-ray analysis of bulk specimens"
"POUCHOU(1996)",1996,"4C3","Microanalysis, use of soft x-rays (uses low E electron beams)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13, 39-60(1996)","Pouchou,J.L.","Use of soft x-rays in microanalysis"
"POUCHOU(2002)",2002,"4C3","Overview EPMA applied to surface films,stratified media","Journal","Microchim. Acta 138, 133-152(2002)","Jean-Louis Pouchou","X-ray microanalysis of thin surface films and coatings (review)"
"POWELL(1967)",1967,"1B","Inelastic scattering of kilovolt electrons","Journal","Health Phys. 13,1265-1275(1967)","Powell,C.J.","Inelastic scattering of kilovolt electrons by solids and liquids: determination of energy losses, cross sections, and correlations with optical data"
"POWELL(1976A)",1976,"1B","Formulas for inner-shell ionizations,esp.K-shell,Bethe equation","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p. 97-104","Powell,C.J.","Evaluation of formulas for inner-shell ionization cross sections"
"POWELL(1976B)",1976,"1B","Inner shell ioniz cross sects","Journal","Rev. Mod. Phys. 48,  33-47(1976)","Powell,C.J.","Cross sections for ionization of inner-shell electrons by electrons"
"POWELL(1977)",1977,"4D1","Electron atten lengths (Auger)","Journal","Phys. Rev. B16,1370-1379(1977)","Powell,C.J.,Stein,R.J.,Needham,P.B.,Driscoll,T.J.","Attenuation lengths of low energy electrons in solids derived from yield of proton-excited Auger electrons: beryllium and aluminum"
"POWELL(1984)",1984,"1B","Inelastic mfps,atten lengths,low E","Journal","Scanning Electron Micros. 1984,1649-1664(1984)","Powell,C.J.","Inelastic mean free paths and attenuation lengths of low energy electrons in solids"
"POWELL(1985A)",1985,"1B","Electron atten lengths, energy-dep","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal.   7,256-262(1985)","Powell,C.J.","The energy-dependence of electron attenuation lengths"
"POWELL(1985B)",1985,"1B","Inelastic mfp from optical data","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal.   7,263-274(1985)","Powell,C.J.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths from experimental optical data"
"POWELL(1986)",1986,"4D1","XPS,AES,quantitative surface analysis","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 4,1532-1539(1986)","Powell,C.J.","Recent developments in quantitative surface analysis by electron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(1988A)",1988,"4D1","XPS,AES,surface sensitivity curves","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  47,197-214(1988)","Powell,C.J.","The quest for universal curves to describe the surface sensitivity of electron spectroscopies"
"POWELL(1988B)",1988,"4D1","Surface analysis, standards","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 11,103-109(1988)","Powell,C.J.","The development of standards for surface analysis"
"POWELL(1989)",1989,"1B","Inelastic scattering cross sections","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   28,   24-31(1989)","Powell,C.J.","Cross sections for inelastic electron scattering in solids"
"POWELL(1990)",1990,"4D1","AES,XPS,quant surface analysis,precision,accuracy,uncertainty","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 8,  735-763(1990)","Powell,C.J.,Seah,M.P.","Precision, accuracy and uncertainty in quantitative surface analyses by Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(1991)",1991,"4D1","XPS,AES,surface analysis databases","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 17,308-314(1991)","Powell,C.J.","Formal databases for surface analysis: The current situation and future trends"
"POWELL(1992)",1992,"4D1","Surface analysis,ASTM committee work","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 19,237-240(1992)","Powell,C.J.","Activities of the ASTM committee E-42 on surface analysis"
"POWELL(1994A)",1994,"4D1","AES,XPS,elastic & inelastic scattering effects","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  68,605-616(1994)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.,Tanuma,S.,Penn,D.R.","Effects of elastic and inelastic electron scattering on quantitative surface analyses by AES and XPS (review)"
"POWELL(1994B)",1994,"4D1","AES,XPS,electron inelastic interactions,overview","Journal","Surf. Sci. 299/300, 34-48(1994)","Powell,C.J.","Inelastic interactions of electrons with surfaces: application to Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(1994C)",1994,"4D1","AES,surface characterization using","Journal","Vid-Couches Minces 50,127-140(1994)","Powell,C.J.","Development and use of Auger electron spectroscopy for surface characterization"
"POWELL(1995A)",1995,"4D1","XPS,elemental binding energies,reported & corrected","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  89,141-149(1995)","Powell,C.J.","Elemental binding energies for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(1995B)",1995,"4D1","XPS,calibration,interlab comparison","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  121-132(1995)","Powell,C.J.","Energy calibration of x-ray photoelectron spectrometers: Results of an interlaboratory comparison to evaluate a proposed calibration procedure"
"POWELL(1997A)",1997,"4D1","AES,XPS,current work ISO/TC 201 on surface chemical analysis","Journal","ISO Bulletin, p7-11(June 1997)","Powell,C.J.,Shimizu,R.","Determining the composition of the outermost atomic layers of surfaces (but without 'scratching the surface')"
"POWELL(1997B)",1997,"4D1","AES,XPS,surface analysis standards","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  860-868(1997)","Powell,C.J.,Shimizu,R.","Development of standards for surface analysis by ISO Technical Committee 201 on surface chemical analysis"
"POWELL(1999A)",1999,"4D1","AES,XPS,surface sensitivity","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  98-99,  1-15(1999)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.,Tilinin,I.S.,Tanuma,S.,Penn,D.R.","Surface sensitivity of Auger-electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(1999B)",1999,"4D1","Inelastic electron mean free paths (calculated,measured),50-10000eV","Journal","J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 28,19-62(1999)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.","Evaluation of calculated and measured electron inelastic mean free paths near solid surfaces"
"POWELL(1999C)",1999,"4D1","Inelastic mfps,7 elements,calc & expt","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A17,1122-1126(1999)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.","Consistency of calculated and measured electron inelastic mean free paths"
"POWELL(2000)",2000,"4D1","Evaluation of calc,meas IMFPs betw 50-10000 eV","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 29,  108-114(2000)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.","Evaluation of inelastic electron mean free paths for selected elements and compounds"
"POWELL(2001A)",2001,"4D1","XPS,SiO2 film thicknesses, effects of elastic electron scattering","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 114-116,1139-1143(2001)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.","Effects of elastic-electron scattering on measurements of silicon dioxide film thicknesses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(2001B)",2001,"4D1","XPS,systematic error in SiO2 film thicknesses,influence of elast scat","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A19,2604-2611(2001)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.","Influence of elastic-electron scattering on measurements of silicon dioxide film thicknesses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(2001C)",2001,"4D1","XPS,synchr rad,SiO2,EALs calculated and measured","Journal","Surf. Sci. 488,L547-l552(2001)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.","Comparisons of calculated and measured effective attenuation lengths for silicon dioxide over a wide electron energy range"
"POWELL(2002)",2002,"4D1","Electron eff atten lengths defined,calculated,expt","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 33,  211-229(2002)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.","Electron effective attenuation lengths for applications in Auger-electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(2003)",2003,"4D1","AES,XPS,development and use in surface analysis,review","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A21,  S42-S53(2003)","Powell,C.J.","Growth and trends in Auger-electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface analysis (review)"
"POWELL(2004)",2004,"4D1","XPS/AES,ISO/TC 201,lateral resolution,analysa area, sample area","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  666-667(2004)","Powell,C.J.","Summary of ISO/TC 201 Technical Report: IDO/TR 19319: 2003 - Surface chemical analysis - Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - Determination of lateral resolution, analysis area and sample area view by the analyser"
"POWELL(2005)",2005,"4D1","NIST database for Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc  #288,""Characterization And Metrology For ULSI Technology 2005,pp. 107-111","Powell,C.J.,Smekal,W.,Werner,W.S.M.","A new NIST database for the simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis (SESSA): Application to angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of HF2, ZrO2, HfSiO4, and ZrSiO4 films on silicon"
"POWELL(2005A)",2005,"4D1","2 NIST databases to characterize thin films from AES and XPS data","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 239,470-480(2005)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.,Werner,W.S.M.,Smekal,W.","Characterization of thin films on the nanometer scale by Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(2005B)",2005,"0A","Preface for NIST workshop (Nov 8-10,2004) issue","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  823(2005)","Powell,C.J.,Newbury,D.E.","Preface for special issue of Surface and Interface Analysis with the proceedings of the NIST workshop on 'Modeling electron transport for applications in electron and X-ray analysis and metrology'"
"POWELL(2005C)",2005,"1B","NIST databases for AES/ XPS:elast scat cros,IMFPs,eff atten lengths","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1068-1071(2005)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.,Salvat,F.","NIST databases with electron elastic-scattering cross sections, inelastic mean free paths, and effective attenuation lengths"
"POWELL(2005D)",2005,"2A","Discussion on opportunities,needs for electron transport models","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1072-1074(2005)","Powell,C.J.","Summary of the panel discussion on opportunities and needs"
"POWELL(2006)",2006,"4D1","Electron atten length depend on atomic potentials,SRD 82 database","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,1348-1356(2006)","Powell,C.J.,Jablonski,A.","Dependence of calculated electron effective attenuation lengths on transport mean free paths obtained from two atomic potentials"
"POWELL(2006A)",2006,"4D1","ARXPS,composition profiles in SION filmes","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 89,172101(2006)(3 pages)","Powell,C.J., Werner.W.S.M.,W. Smekal,W.","Distinguishability of N composition profiles in SiON films on Siby angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POWELL(2006B)",2006,"4D1","XPS,attenuation lengths in SiO2 films,calculations","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 89,252116(2006)(3 pages)","Powell,C.J., Werner.W.S.M.,W. Smekal,W.","Refined calculations of effective attenuation lengths for SiO2 film thicknesses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"POZSGAI(1992)",1992,"4C4","X-ray fluor,x-ray source spectrum","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 21,249-252(1992)","Pozsgai,I.","Characterization of an x-ray source for the fundamental parameter method"
"PRADHAN(1994)",1994,"4B06","Dosimetry,e-beam,TLD method","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 39,1367-1376(1994)","Pradhan,A.S.,Quast,U.,Sharma,P.K.D.","A fast and sensitive TLD method for measurement of energy and homogeneity of electron beams using transmitted radiation through lead"
"PRASAD(1997)",1997,"1A","Photon interaction","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 126,224-228(1997)","Prasad,S.G.,Parthasaradhi,K.,Bloomer,W.D.","Effective atomic numbers of low-Z compounds for photon interaction"
"PRASAD(1998)",1998,"3B","Transmission of 6-20 MeV electrons,tin & lead shielding","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  361-366(1998)","Prasad,S.G.,Parthasaradhi,K.,Bloomer,W.D.,Al-Najjar,W.H.,McMahon,J.,Thomson,O.","Aluminum, copper, tin and lead as shielding materials in the treatment of cancer with high-energy electrons"
"PRASAD(2003)",2003,"3E","Absolute efficiency of K,L,M x-rays measured","Journal","Scanning 25,210-215(2003)","Prasad,M. Satya.,Joy,D.C.","Measurements of absolute x-ray generation efficiency for selected, K,L, and M-lines"
"PRATT(2004)",2004,"0A","Reviews basic photon-atom processes;photoabsorption,scattering","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 70,  595-603(2004)","Pratt,R.H.","Tutorial on fundamentals of radiation physics: interactions of photons with matter"
"PRESTWICH(1989)",1989,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 30,1036-1046(1989)","Prestwich,W.V.,Nunes,J.,Kwok,C.S.","Beta-dose point kernels for radionuclides of potential use in radioimmunotherapy"
"PRESTWICH(1997A)",1997,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 49,  509-513(1997)","Prestwich,W.V.,Nunes,J.,Kwok,C.S.","Beta-interface-dosimetry in the one-group approximation"
"PRESTWICH(1997B)",1997,"4A2","Pencil e-beams,radial dose profiles","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 50,  535-543(1997)","Prestwich,W.V.,Kus,F.","Radial dose profiles for pencil electron beams"
"PRESTWICH(2000)",2000,"4B03","Beta dose distributions,scaling,Monte Carlo,one-group theory","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 59,  221-227(2000)","Prestwich,W.V.,Chan,G.H..","Beta dose scaling and the one group theory"
"PRICE(2001)",2001,"4A5C","PET,sensitive,specific technique to image molecular pathways in man","Journal","Trends in Molecular Medicine 7, 442-446 (2001)","Pat Price","PET as a potential tool for imaging molecular mechanisms of oncology in man (review)"
"PRICE(2006)",2006,"2H","QUADOS, lessons learned solving photon,charged particle problems","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.118,155-166(2006)","R. A. Price, G. Gualdrini, S. Agosteo, S. Ménard, J.-L. Chartier, B. Großwendt, I. Kodeli, G. P. Leuthold, B. R. L. Siebert, H. Tagziria, R. J. Tanner, M. Terrissol, M. Zankl","Pitfalls and modelling inconsistencies in computational radiation dosimetry: lessons learnt from the QUADOS intercomparison. Part II: Photons, electrons and protons"
"PRIETO(1996)",1996,"4E8B","REELS data analysis, dielectric props","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A14,3181-3188(1996)","Prieto,P.,Yubero,F.,Elizalde,E.,Sanz,J.M.","Dielectric properties of Zr, ZrN, Zr3N4, and ZrO2 determined by quantitative analysis of electron energy loss spectra"
"PRIETO(2004A)",2004,"4E8B","REELS,amorphous C,CN,3-80 eV,quantiative analysis,dielectric props","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  820-823(2004)","Prieto,P.,Quiros,C.,Elizalde,E.,J.M.Sanz","Quantitative REELS of amorphous carbon and carbon nitride films"
"PRIETO(2004B)",2004,"4E8B","REELS,electron inelastic mfp,depth profiling,Fe/Si interface","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,1392-1401(2004)","Prieto,P.,Hofmann,S.,Elizalde,E.,Sanz,J.M.","Variation of the electron inelastic mean free path during depth profiling of the Fe/Si interface as determined by quantitative REELS"
"PRIETO(2006)",2006,"4D1","REELS,B,C nitrices,electron inelastic mfp","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A24,  396-407(2006)","Prieto,P.,Quiros,C.,Elizaide,E.,Sanz,J.M.","Electron inelastic mean free path and dielectric properties of alpha-boron, alpha-carbon, and their nitrides as determined by quantitative analysis of reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy"
"PRINJA(2001)",2001,"4A2","Fokker-Planck model for transport of collimated beams","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 137,227-235(2001)","Prinja,A.K.,Pomraning,G.C.","A generalized Fokker-Planck model for transport of collimated beams"
"PRINJA(2004)",2004,"2B","Fokker-Planck model for transport of collimated beams","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 90,281-283(2004)","Prinja,A.K.,Franke,B.C.","A regularized Boltzmann collision operator for highly forward peaked scattering"
"PROCHAZKA(2001)",2001,"4C1","Positron annihilation spectroscopy tutorial,principles,applications","Journal","Materials Structure 8,55-60(2001)","Prochazka,I.","Positron annihilation spectroscopy"
"PROCOP(1999)",1999,"4B10","Detector response,Si","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,  33-40(1999)","Procop,M.","Estimation of absorbing layer thicknesses for an Si(Li) detector"
"PROCOP(2004)",2003,"4C2","Measurements, X-ray emission efficiency of K-lines for some elements","Journal","Micros. Microanal. 10, 481-490(2004)","Procop,M.","Measurement of x-ray emission efficiency of K-lines"
"PRUPPERS(1990)",1990,"4E4","Track structure model,spatial distr energy dep","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  31,185-188(1990)","Pruppers,M.J.M.,Leenhouts,H.P.,Chadwick,K.H.","A track structure model for the spatial energy deposition of ionizing radiation"
"PRUTTON(1995)",1995,"4D1","EELS near edge structures.various theor approaches.","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   59,  47-62(1995)","Prutton,M.,Barkshire,I.R.,Crone,M.","Quantitative surface chemical mapping with Auger and backscattered electron signals"
"PSZONA(2000)",2000,"4E5","Method for measuring freq distrib of ion clusters by charged particles","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A447,601-607(2000)","Pszona,S.,Kula,J.,Marjanska,S.","A new method for measuring ion clusters produced by charged particles in nanometre track sections of DNA size"
"PTPCWG(1991A)",1991,"4A3A","Treatment planning","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21,   25-36(1991)","Photon Treatment Planning Collaborative Working Group","Three-dimensional dose calculations for radiation treatment planning"
"PTPCWG(1991B)",1991,"4A3A","Treatment planning (photon)","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21,     9-23(1991)","Photon Treatment Planning Collaborative Working Group","State-of-the-art of external photon beam radiation treatment planning"
"PUPPIN(1995)",1995,"4D1","Simulation of inelastic background for XPS,direct and inverse","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  73,  53-58(1995)","Puppin,E.,Ragaini,E.","Monte Carlo simulation of inelastic background indirect and inverse photoemission"
"PUSKA(1990)",1990,"4C1","Positron trapping at vacancies in semiconductors differs from metals","Journal","Phys. Rev. B41,  9980-9993(1990)","Puska,M.J.,Corbel,C.,Nieminen,R.M.","Positron trapping in semiconductors"
"PUSKA(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron transport in solids (review)","Journal","Rev. Mod. Phys. 66,841-897(1994)","Puska,M.J.,Nieminen,R.M.","Theory of positrons in solids and on solid surfaces"
"RACHINHAS(1999)",1999,"4E3","Fano factor, W-values in Xe,x-ray detector response","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 46,1898-1900(1999)","Rachinhas,P.J.B.M.,Dias,T.H.V.T.,Santos,F.P.,Conde,C.A.N.,Stauffer,A.D.","Absorption of electrons in xenon for energies up to 200 keV: a Monte Carlo simulation study"
"RAISANEN(2003)",2003,"4E7","Ion beam techniques,ion-matter interactions,range,straggling,etc.","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  743-752(2003)","Raisenen,J.","Ion-solid interactions (review)"
"RAJU(2007)",2007,"4C4","K x-ray hyper-satellites & radiative Auger effect excited by photons","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 36,  35-41(2007)","Raju,S.S.,Reddy,B.S.,Murti,M.V.R.,Mombasawala,L.","A study of K x-ray hyper-satellites and KMM radiative Auger effect (RAE) of the elements 19 =<Z =< 25 by photon excitation"
"RAO(1993A)",1993,"4C4","K XRF cross sects measured,Au,Pb,4 photon energies","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,401-405(1993)","Rao,D.V.,Cesareo,R.,Gigante,G.E.","Measurements of L1, Lalpha, Lbeta and Lgamma x-ray fluorescence cross-sections in heavy elements excited by 36.62, 43.69, 48.30, 50.20 and 53.50 keV photons"
"RAO(1993B)",1993,"4C4","K XRF cross sects measured, 26<=Z<=40,used secondary excitation","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,406-409(1993)","Rao,D.V.,Cesareo,R.,Gigante,G.E.","Photon-excited K x-ray fluorescence cross-sections for some light elements in the energy range 20-60 keV"
"RAO(1995A)",1995,"4B02","X-ray scattering (experiment)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 24,172-176(1995)","Rao,D.V.,Gigante,G.e.,Cesareo,R.","Coherent and incoherent scattering of 42.75 and 47.24 keV x-ray photons scattered form Al, Cu, Y, Mo, Au, and Pb"
"RAO(1995B)",1995,"4C4","L XRF cross-sects for Sm, Ho,Yb at 15.20, 17.80, 23.62, 24.68 keV.","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 24,244-248(1995)","Rao,D.V.,Cesareo,R.,Gigante,G.E","L x-ray fluorescence cross-sections in the atomic region 62<Z<70 excited by 15.20, 17.80, 23.62 and 24.68 keV photons"
"RAO(1996)",1996,"4C4","X-ray M fluoresc. cross sections,yields","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B108,227-232(1996)","Rao.D.V.,Cesareo,R.,Gigante,G.E.","Total M X-ray fluorescence cross sections and fluorescence yields for Pt, Au and Pb in the energy region 5.47 =< E =< 9.36 keV"
"RAO-SAHIB(1974)",1974,"4C2","X-ray continuum,10-50 keV,many formulas given","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 45,5060-5068(1974)","Rao-Sahib,T.S.,Wittry,D.B.","X-ray continuum from thick elemental targets for 10-50-keV electrons"
"RAOUADI(1995)",1995,"4C3","X-ray depth distrib,Monte Carlo,Al","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 6,415-420(1995)","Raouadi,K.,Fakhfakh,Z.","Monte Carlo calculation of the x-ray depth distributions in an aluminium target"
"RASHMI(1999)",1999,"4C4","XRF,uncertainty analysis,scattered radiation method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,157-162(1999)","Rashmi,Dhawan,U.,Suri,D.K.","Evaluation of uncertainty  of measurement in quantitative XRF analysis: I. Scattered radiation method"
"RATIB(2004)",2004,"4A5C","Combined PET/CT imaging requires better display,navigation tools","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 45,   46S–55S (2004)","Osman Ratib","PET/CT image navigation and communication"
"RAWLINSON(1984)",1984,"4B11","Dose enhancement under charging conditions","Journal","Med. Phys. 11, 814-821(1984)","Rawlinson,J.A.,Bielajew,A.F.,Munro,P.,Galbraith,D.M.","Theoretical and experimental investigation of dose enhancement due to charge storage in electron-irradiated phantoms"
"RAWLINSON(1992)",1992,"4A1A","Photon beam dosimetry,ion chambers,buildup measurements","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  641-648(1992)","Rawlinson,J.A.,Arlen,D.,Newcombe,D.","Design of parallel plate ion chambers for buildup measurements in megavoltage photon beams"
"RAY(1991)",1991,"4C4","Surface characterization review,1989-90,includes AES,XPS","Journal","Anal. Chem. 63,    99R-118R(1991)","Ray,M.A.,McGuire,G.E.,Musselman,I.H.,Nemanich,R.J.,Chopra,D.R.","Surface characterization"
"RAY(2005)",2005,"4A6","Low energy electron (<2 eV) transmission yield thru DNA monolayers","Journal","Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102,15-19(2005)","Ray,S.G.,Daube,S.S.,Naaman,R.","On the capturing of low-energy electrons by DNA"
"RAYCHAUDHURI(1994)",1994,"4B08","Recent progress in soft x-ray photoemission spectromicroscopy","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  87,104-111(1994)","Raychaudhuri,A.K.,Cerrina,F.","Status of soft x-ray photoemission microscopy utilizing sychrotron-radiation"
"REDPATH(1995)",1995,"4A3A","Treatment planning","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 68,1356-1363(1995)","Redpath,A.T.","A beam model for 3-dimensional radiotherapy planning"
"REED(1965)",1965,"4C3","EPMA,fluorescence correction factor","Journal","Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 16, 913-926(1965)","Reed,S.","Characteristic fluorescence corrections in electron-probe microanalysis"
"REED(1968)",1968,"4C3","Relative intensities of K and L x-ray lines compared w data","Journal","J. Phys. D  1,1090(1968)","Reed,S.J.B.","The relative intensities of K and L x-ray lines"
"REED(1971A)",1971,"4C3","EPMA,backscattering correction,angle of incidence 45 deg","Journal","J. Phys. D  4,1910-1912(1971)","Reed,S.J.B.","The backscattering correction for quantitative electron probe microanalysis with electrons incident at 45 degrees"
"REED(1971B)",1971,"4C3","EPMA,review,physical effects to take account of,low Z,accuracy avail","Journal","Review of Physics in Technology 2,92-115(1971)","Reed,S.J.B.","The present state of quantitative electron probe microanalysis"
"REED(1975)",1975,"4C2","X-ray spectra,Kramer's law correction","Journal","X-ray Spectrom.   4,  14-17(1975)","Reed,S.J.B.","The shape of the continuous x-ray spectrum and background corrections for energy-dispersive electron microprobe analysis"
"REED(1982)",1982,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,spatial resolution (abstract unavailable)","Journal","Ultramicroscopy     7,405-416(1982)","Reed,S.J.B.","The single scattering model of spatial resolution in X-ray microanalysis (EMAS '98 Reference)"
"REED(1993)",1993,"4C3","Microprobe analysis program","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series 130, 67-74(1993)","Reed,S.J.B.","Recent advances in electron probe microanalysis"
"REED(1998)",1998,"4C3","EPMA (wavelength-dispersive)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,  29-36(1998)","Reed,S.J.B.","Wavelength-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (TUTORIAL)"
"REED(2000A)",2000,"4C3","EPMA,wavelength dispersive,quantitative trace analysis","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 145-151(2000)","Reed,S.J.B.","Quantitative trace analysis by wavelength-dispersive EPMA"
"REED(2000B)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,standardless","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   6, 145-149(2000)","S. B. J. Reed","Approaches to standardless wavelength dispersive analysis"
"REED(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA (WD),optimization of operating conditions","Journal","J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.107,497-502(2002)","Reed,S.J.B.","Optimization of wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer analysis conditions"
"REES(1989)",1989,"4C6","Auroral electron precipitation","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.  94, 6799-6815(1989)","Rees,M.H.,Lummerzheim,D.","Characteristics of auroral electron precipitation derived from optical spectroscopy"
"REFT(1994)",1994,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber,calib methods","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,1953-1957(1994)","Reft,C.S.,Kuchnir,F.T.,Dewerd,L.A.,Micka,J.,Attix,F.H.","A comparison of methods for calibrating parallel-plate chambers"
"REGULLA(2000)",2002,"4E5","Interface dose enhancement,track structure calculations","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  90,159-163(2000)","Regulla,D.,Friedland,W.,Hieber,L.,Panzer,W.,Seidenbusch,M.,Schmid,E.","Spatially limited effects of dose and LET enhancement near tissue/gold interfaces at diagnostic X ray qualities"
"REHBACH(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,background anomalies","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta S12,153-160(1992)","Rehbach,W.P.,Karduck,P.","Background anomalies in electron probe microanalysis caused by total reflection"
"REICH(1988)",1988,"4D1","Inelastic mfp,photoelectrons,theory","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  46,255-267(1988)","Reich,T.,Yarzhemski,V.G.,Nefedov,V.I.","Calculation of inelastic mean free-path of photoelectrons in some solids"
"REICH(1991)",1991,"4D1","XPS surface analysis,quantitative","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  56,  33-49(1991)","Reich,T.,Nefedov,V.I.","Quantitative XPS surface analysis: correction for contamination layer"
"REICHE(2005)",2005,"4E7","PIXE,1-3 MeV protons,multielement trace analysis,art objects","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  42-45(2005)","Reiche,I.,Britzke,R.,Bukalis,G.,Reinholz,Y.,Weise,H.-P.,Gadebusch,R.D.","An external PIXE study: Mughal painting pigments"
"REICHELT(2006)",2006,"2H","AMOS code,energy deposition by cascades of secondary electrons","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.119,479-482(2006)","U. Reichelt, J. Henniger, C. Lan","Application of advanced Monte Carlo Methods in numerical dosimetry"
"REIG(1992)",1992,"4C4","XRF,limit dilution method,corrective parameters","Journal","Fres J Anal Chem 344, 16-21(1992)","Reig,F.B.,Martinez,V.P.,Mossi,F.B.,Adelantado,J.V.G.","Correction parameters in x-ray fluorescence analysis applying the limit dilution method. 1. Correction of the diluent effect and optimization of the selection of standards"
"REIMER(1975)",1976,"2B","EPMA,special MC model w/Mott scattering","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p. 45-60","Reimer,L.,Krefting,E.R.","The effect of scattering models on the results of Monte Carlo calculations"
"REIMER(1978)",1978,"3B","Energy loss spectra of transmitted electrons,Al,Au,Ep,Em","Journal","J. Phys. D 11,2151-2155(1978)","Reimer,L.,Brockmann,K.,Rhein,U.","Energy losses of 20-40 keV electrons in 150-650 microgram/cm2 metal films"
"REIMER(1984)",1984,"1B","Elastic scattering,Mott cross sections","Journal","Scanning   6,128-151(1984)","Reimer,L.,Lodding,B.","Calculation and tabulation of Mott cross sections for large-angle electron scattering"
"REIMER(1986)",1986,"2B","Monte Carlo code for minicomputers","Journal","Scanning   8,265-277(1986)","Reimer,L.,Stelter,D.","Fortran-77 Monte Carlo program for minicomputers using Mott cross sections"
"REIMER(1989A)",1989,"4E8A","EELS,theory,transport equation,multiple-scattered electrons","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   31,169-176(1989)","Reimer,L.","Calculation of the angular and energy distribution of multiple scattered electrons using Fourier transforms"
"REIMER(1989B)",1989,"4E8A","EELS,angular-resolved,multiple scattering effects","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   28,258-265(1989)","Reimer,L.,Rennekamp,R.","Imaging and recording of multiple scattering effects by angular-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy"
"REIMER(1991)",1991,"3A","Backsc energy spectrum calcs,layered structures,transprt eq technique","Journal","Scanning 13,381-391(1991)","Reimer,L.,Bongeler,R.,Kassens,M.,Liebscher,F.F.,Senkel,R.","Calculation of energy spectra from layered structures for backscattered electron spectrometry and relations to Rutherford backscattering spectrometry by ions"
"REIMER(1992)",1992,"3B","Non-MC calc of transm energy spectrum showing EELS,Al,20-40 keV","Journal","J. Phys. D 25,1371-1376(1992)","Reimer,L,Senkel,R.","Calculation of energy spectra of electrons transmitted through thin aluminium foils"
"REIMER(1995)",1995,"2B","Monte Carlo model,low volt microscopy","Journal","Optik 98,  85-94(1995)","Reimer,L,Senkel,R.","Monte Carlo simulations in low voltage scanning electron microscopy"
"REIMER(1996A)",1996,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis (review)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,   1-12(1996)","Reimer,L.","Monte Carlo simulation techniques for quantitative x-ray microanalysis"
"REIMER(1996B)",1996,"2B","Monte Carlo program for SEM,EPMA,AES,...","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,485-492(1996)","Reimer,L.,Kassens,M.,Wiese,L.","Monte Carlo simulation program with a free configuration of specimen and detector geometries"
"REIMER(2000)",2000,"4C3","EPMA basic electron-specimen interactions","Book","EMAS 2000 -  4th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Czech Republic, pp 145-155","Reimer,L.","Electron-specimen interactions in x-ray microanalysis (tutorial)"
"REIS(2005A)",2005,"4E7","W L x-ray spectra,variation w ion beam energy,3 different compounds","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B229,413-424(2005)","Reis,M.A.,Chaves,P.C.,Soares,J.C.","Particle induced X-ray emission - relative yield ion energy dependence, an IBA chemical speciation method"
"REIS(2005B)",2005,"4E7","PIXE characterization of thin films,two case studies","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,372-375(2005)","Reis,M.A.,Chaves,P.C.,Corregidor,V.,Barradas,N.P.,Alves,E.,Dimroth,F.,Bett,A.W.","Detection angle resolved PIXE and the equivalent depth concept for thin film characterization"
"REMOND(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,spectral decomp of WDS spectra","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 7,  89-132(1993)","Remond,G.,Campbell,J.L.,Packwood,R.H.,Fialin,M.","Spectral decomposition of wavelength dispersive x-ray spectra: Implications for quantitative analysis in the electron probe microanalyzer"
"REMOND(1995)",1995,"4E7","EPMA,PIXE methods for x-ray spectrometry of minerals","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46, 563-570(1995)","Remond,G.,Gilles,C.,Isabelle,D.,Choi,C.,Azahra,M.,Rouer,O.,Cesbron,F.","Electron and proton induced x-ray spectrometry: Two complementary spatially resolved analytical techniques in mineralogy"
"RENIERS(2004)",2004,"4B03","Low-enrgy photon emitters for brachytherapy,radial dose function","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,1973-1989(2004)","Reniers,B.,Verhaegen,F.,Vyncker,S.","The radial dose function of low-energy brachytherapy seeds in different solid phantoms: comparison between calculations with EGSnrc and MCNP4C Monte Carlo codes and measurements"
"RENIERS(2005)",2005,"4D1","XPS/AES,energy,spatial resolution improvements,new trends","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 142,    1-25(2005)","Reniers,F,Tewell,C.","New improvements in energy and spatial (x,y,z) resolution in AES and XPS applications"
"RENOUD(1998)",1998,"4D4","E-beam charging of insulator,self-trapped holes,electrons","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 10,  5821-5832(1998)","Renoud,R.,Attard,C.,Ganachaud,J-P.,Bartholomew,S.,Dubus,A.","Influence on the secondary electron yield of the space charge induced in an insulating target by an electron beam"
"RENOUD(2002)",2002,"4B11","E-beam charging of insulator,simulation model,M.C.method","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 14,   231-247(2002)","Renoud,R.,Mady,F.,Ganachaud,J-P.","Monte Carlo simulation of the charge distribution induced by a high-energy electron beam in an insulating target"
"RENOUD(2004)",2004,"4D4","Trap characteristics affect seconday electron emission from insulators","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A172,433-449(1999)","Renoud,R.,Mady,F.,Attard,C.,Bigarré,J.,Ganachaud,J,-P","Secondary electron emission of an insulating target induced by a well-focused electron beam – Monte Carlo simulation study"
"REUBI(2005)",2005,"4A6","Tumors eligible for peptide receptor radiation therapy described","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,    67S-75S(2005)","Jean Claude Reubi,Helmut R. Ma¨cke;Eric P. Krenning","Candidates for peptide receptor radiotherapy today and in the future"
"REUTER(1978)",1978,"4C3","Equation for x-ray production range of 2-15 keV electrons in solids","Journal","J. Phys. D 11,2633-?(1978)","Reuter,W.,Kuptsis,J.D.,Lurio,A.,Kyser,D.F.","X-ray production range in solids by 2-15 keV electrons"
"REUTER(1983)",1983,"4C3","Comparison of AES,XPS,SRF,EPMA,...","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 218,391-399(1983)","Reuter,W.","Techniques for the compositional and chemical state analysis of surfaces and thin films"
"REVENKO(2002)",2002,"4C4","XRF study of geological samples;correction procedures","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 31,264-273(2002)","Revenko,A.G.","X-ray fluorescence analysis of rocks, soils and sediments"
"REYNAERT(2002)",2002,"2H","MCNP electron transport, parameter dependence of dose","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,2446-2454(2002)","Reynaert,N.,Palmans,H.,Thierens, H.,Jeraj,R.","Parameter dependence of the MCNP electron transport in determining dose distributions"
"REYNAERT(2004)",2004,"4A3B","MCDE, a new accurate MC code for IMRT dose computations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,  N235-N241(2004)","Reynaert,N.,De Smedt,B.,Coghe,M.,Paelinck,I.,Van Duyse,B.,DeGersem,W.,DeWagter,C.,De Neve,W.,Therens,H.","MCDE: A new Monte Carlo dose engine for IMRT"
"REZ(1982)",1982,"4E8A","Methods of calculating partial cross-sections for EELS reviewed","Journal","Ultramicroscopy     9,283-287(1982)","Rez,P.","Cross-sections for energy loss spectrometry"
"REZ(1983)",1983,"4E9","Transport equation theory of beam spreading","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   12,  29-38(1983)","Rez,P.","A transport equation theory of beam spreading in the electron microscope"
"REZ(1989)",1989,"1A","Basic atomic theory for inner-shell ionization by fast electrons reviewed","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   28,  16-23(1989)","Rez,P.","Inner-shell spectroscopy: An atomic view"
"REZ(1995)",1995,"4E8A","EELS near edge structures.various theor approaches.","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   59,159-167(1995)","Rez,P.,Bruley,J.,Brohan,P.,Payne,M.,Garvie,L.A.J.","Review of methods for calculating near edge structure"
"REZ(1999)",1999,"4E8A","EELS theory,near edge fine structure,localised electronic states","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   78,175-183(1999)","Rez,P,Alvarez,J.R.,Pickard,C.","Calculation of near edge structure"
"REZ(2001)",2001,"4C3","Electron scattering cross sections,electron microscopy,some EELS","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   7, 356-362(2001)","Rez,P.","Scattering cross sections in electron microscopy and analysis"
"REZ(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA,ionization cross sections(review)","Journal","J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.107,487-495(2002)","Rez,P.","Accurate cross sections for microanalysis"
"RICE(1988)",1988,"4A1","Lung dose corrections for x-ray beams,benchmark measurements","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 15,399-409(1988)","Rice,R.,Mijnheer,B.,Chin,L.","Benchmark measurements for lung dose corrections for x-ray beams"
"RICHTER(1998)",1998,"4C3","Depth profiling,sputter,EPMA,theory","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,125-131(1998)","Richter,S.,Lesch,N.,Karduck,P.","EPMA sputter depth profiling, Part I: Theory and Evaluation"
"RICKERBY(1994)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,layered thin films","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115,,421-429(1994)","Rickerby,D.G.,Thiot,J.F.","X-ray microanalysis of thin film layered specimens containing light elements"
"RICKERBY(1995)",1995,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 6,621-631(1995)","Rickerby,D.G.","Progress in the characterization of layered structures by x-ray microanalysis"
"RILEY(1975)",1975,"1B","Elastic scattering cross-sects,theor","Journal","At Dat Nucl Dat Tables 15, 443-476(1975)","Riley,M.E.,MacCallum,C.J.,Biggs,F.","Theoretical electron-atom elastic scattering cross-sections"
"RINCON(2001)",2001,"4A3A","Conformal therapy dosimetric problems involving small beams,MC","Journal","Radiother. Oncol 58,179-185(2001)","Rincon,M.,Sanchez-Doblado,F.,Perucha,M.,Leal,A.,Arrans,R.,Carrasco,E.,Sanchez-Calzado,J.A.,Errazquin,L.","A Monte Carlo approach for small electron beam dosimetry"
"RINDBY(1993)",1993,"4C4","XRF spectroscopy (review)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,187-191(1993)","Rindby,A.","Progress in x-ray microbeam spectroscopy"
"RINGOR(1998)",1998,"4A3A","Treatment planning,optimization solution","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  263-274(1998)","Ringor,M.,Papiez,L.","Inverse planning and optimization: a comparison of solutions"
"RITCHIE(1993)",1993,"4E8A","Swift electrons, historical background,EELS","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat.   5,A17-A24(1993)","Ritchie,R.H.","The interaction of swift electrons with surface excitations"
"RITCHIE-N(2005)",2005,"2B","NISTMonte code described,applies for complex sample geometries","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1006-1011(2005)","Ritchie,N.W.M.","A new Monte Carlo application for complex sample geometries"
"RITLEY(1990)",1990,"4C1","Monte Carlo model for positrons and electrons","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218,     3-18(1990)","Ritley,K.A.,McKeown,M.,Lynn,K.G.","A Monte-Carlo model of positrons and electrons in matter"
"RITLEY(1993)",1993,"4C1","Monte Carlo calculation of positron thermalization","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 74,3479-3496(1993)","Ritley,K.A.,Lynn,K.G.,Ghosh,V.J.,Welch,D.O.,McKeown,M.","Low-energy contributions to positron implantation"
"RITLEY(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron implantation,low E M.C.","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303,   69-72(1994)","Ritley,K.A.,Lynn,K.G.,Ghosh,V.J.,Welch,D.O.","The effects of low-energy scattering on positron implantation"
"RITLEY(1998)",1998,"4C1","Positron transport, M.C. prog","Journal","Comput. Phys. Comm. 109,93-110(1998)","Ritley,K.A.,Ghosh,V.J.,Lynn,K.G.,McKeown,M.,Welch,D.O.","POS-SPRITE: an extensible calculation of positron and electron implantation in metals"
"RIVEROS(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA, ionization distribution models compared","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta S12, 99-105(1992)","Riveros,J.,Castellano,G.E.,Trincavelli,J.C.","Comparison of phi(rho*zeta) curve models in EPMA"
"RIVEROS(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA, ionization profiles (review)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,    3-10(1993)","Riveros,J.,Castellano,G.","Review of phi(rho*zeta) curves in electron probe microanalysis"
"RIVIERE(1983)",1983,"4D1","Review,Auger electron spectroscopy,surface analysis","Journal","The Analyst 108,  649-684 (1983)","J. C. Riviere","Auger techniques in analytical chemistry: A review"
"RO(1997)",1997,"4D1","AES/XPS,angle-resolved,depth profiling","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  869-877(1997)","Ro,C.U.","Simulation study on regeneration of depth profiles from angle-resolved XPS data"
"RO(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,determination of low-Z elements in environmental particles","Journal","Anal. Chem. 71, 1521-1528(1999)","Ro,C.-U.,Osan,J.,Van Grieken,R.","Determination of low-Z elements in individual environmental particles using windowless EPMA"
"RO(2000)",2000,"4C3","EPMA,determination of chemical species in aerosol particles","Journal","Environ. Sci. Technol. 34,3023-3030(2000)","Ro,C.-U.,Osan,J.,Szaloki,I.,Oh,K.-Y.,Kim,H.,Grieken,R.V.","Determination of chemical species in individual aerosol particles using ultrathin window EPMA"
"RO(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,heterogeneity of individual particles can by characterized","Journal","Anal. Chem. 73, 4574-4583(2001)","Ro,C.-U.,Oh,K-Y.,Osan,J.,de Hoog,J.,Worobiec,A.,Van Grieken,R.","Heterogeneity assessment in individual CaCo3-CaSO4 particles using ultrathin window electron probe x-ray microanalysis"
"RO(2003A)",2003,"4C3","EPMA,Monte Carlo program for x-ray analysis of individual particles","Journal","Anal. Chem. 75,  851-859(2003)","Ro,C.-U.,Osan,J.,Szaloki,I.,de Hoog,J.,Worobiec,A.,Grieken,R.V.","A Monte Carlo program for quantitative electron-induced x-ray analysis of individual particles"
"RO(2003B)",2003,"2H","Description, modified CASINO program used for MC,individ. particles","Prepint","Preprint,  9 pages(2003) - supplement to Anal. Chem. 75,  851-859(2003)","Ro,C.-U.,Osan,J.,Szaloki,I.,de Hoog,J.,Worobiec,A.,Van Grieken,R.","A versatile Monte Carlo program for quantitative electron-induced x-ray analysis of individual particles"
"RO(2006)",2006,"4C3","Low-Z (C,N,O) particle EPMA,soil particles,MC simulation for quantit.","Journal","Powder Diffraction 21,140-144(2006)","Ro,Chun-Un","Quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis of individual particles"
"ROBAR(1996)",1996,"4B09","Dosimetry (TLD's)","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  667-673(1996)","Robar,V.,Zankowski,C.,Pla,M.O.,Pdgorsak,E.B.","Thermoluminescent dosimetry in electron beams: energy dependence"
"ROBERT(1998)",1998,"4E8C","EPES,Monte Carlo study,layered structural models","Journal","Math. & Computers in Simul 47,419-427(1998)","Robert,C.,Gruzza,B.,Bideau,L.,Bondot,P.","A Monte Carlo study for electron elastic backscattering based on layered models for substrates"
"ROBERTSON(1968)",1968,"4C3","EPMA applications in medicine (review)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 13,  505-522(1968)","Robertson,A.J.","The electron probe microanalyser and its applications in medicine"
"RODRIGUEZ(1999)",1999,"4E5","Track interaction model,Monte Carlo","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B152,105-114(1999)","Rodriguez-Villafuerte,M.","A Monte Carlo approach to the track interaction model to explain supralinearity in the thermoluminescent response"
"ROGERS(1982)",1982,"4B10","Photon detector response,M.C. calc","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 199,531-548(1982)","Rogers,D.W.O.","More realistic Monte Carlo calculations of photon detector response"
"ROGERS(1984A)",1984,"4A1","Electron/photon transport calcs of fluence to dose conversion factors","Journal","Health Phys. 46,891-914(1984)","Rogers,D.W.","Fluence to dose equivalent conversion factors calculated with EGS3 for electrons from 100 keV to 20 GeV and photons from 1 keV to 20 GeV"
"ROGERS(1984C)",1984,"2B","EGS tested for 50 keV initial energy.  Some modifications required","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 227,535-548(1984)","Rogers,D.W.O.","Low energy electron transport with EGS"
"ROGERS(1985A)",1985,"4B02","Photon buildup","Journal","Med. Phys. 12. 738-744(1985)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Bielajew,A.F.","Calculated buildup curves for photons with energies up to Co-60"
"ROGERS(1985B)",1985,"4B09","Ion chamber response (Monte Carlo)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 30,  429-443(1985)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Bielajew,A.F.,Nahum,A.E.","lon chamber response and A(subwall) correction factors in a Co-60 beam by Monte Carlo simulation"
"ROGERS(1986)",1986,"2H","Energy deposition calculations,comparison of EGS,ETRAN","Journal","Med. Phys. 13, 687-694(1986)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Bielajew,A.F.","Differences in electron depth-dose curves calculated with EGS and ETRAN and improved energy-range relationships"
"ROGERS(1988)",1988,"2B","EGS,experimental benchmarks","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 13, 307-322(1989)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Bielajew,A.F.","Experimental benchmarks in EGS"
"ROGERS(1990A)",1990,"4B09","Dosimetry,ion chamber,wall corrections","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 35,1065-1078(1990)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Bielajew,A.F.","Wall attenuation and scatter corrections for ion chambers: measurements versus calculations"
"ROGERS(1990B)",1990,"4A3A","E-beam treatment planning,M.C.","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 35,  285(1990)(abstract only)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Bielajew,A.F.,Mackie,T.R.,Kubsad,S.S.","The OMEGA project: treatment planning of electron-beam radiotherapy using Monte Carlo techniques [Reference in DEMARCO(1998A)]"
"ROGERS(1991)",1991,"4B06","Dosimetry,M.C. simulation (review)","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 965-974(1991)","Rogers,D.W.O.","The role of Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in radiation dosimetry (review)"
"ROGERS(1992A)",1992,"4B06","Ion chamber calib,M.C. analysis","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  889-899(1992)","Rogers,D.W.O.","Calibration of parallel-plate chambers: resolution of several problems by using Monte Carlo calculations"
"ROGERS(1992B)",1992,"4B06","Dosimetry (clinical e-beam)","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,1227-1239(1992)","Rogers,D.W.O.","The advantages of absorbed dose calibration factors"
"ROGERS(1992C)",1992,"4B09","IAEA,AAPM protocols for dosimetry calibration","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  213-214(1992)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Ross,C.K.","Comparison of IAEA 1987 and AAPM 1983 protocols for dosimetry calibration of radiotherapy beams"
"ROGERS(1993)",1993,"4B09","Ion chambers,EGS4,PRESTA calcs","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,  319-324(1993)","Rogers,D.W.O.","How accurately can EGS4/PRESTA calculate ion chamber response?"
"ROGERS(1995)",1995,"2H","BEAM code,Monte Carlo,treatment planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 22, 503-524(1995)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Faddegon,B.A.,Ding,D.X,Ma,C.M.,Wei,J.,Mackie,T.R.","BEAM: A Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units"
"ROGERS(1998)",1998,"4B06","Dosimetry,e-beam, reference","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  310-320(1998)","Rogers,D.W.O.","A new approach to electron beam reference dosimetry"
"ROGERS(2002A)",2002,"4B09","ICRU 64 dosimetry standard","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,3663-3665(2002)","Rogers,D.W.O.","ICRU Report 64: Dosimetry of high-energy photon beams based on standards of absorbed dose to water (book review)"
"ROGERS(2002B)",2002,"4A1","Monte Carlo techniques in radiotherapy (tutorial)","Journal","Physics in Canada 58#2,63-70(2002)","Rogers,D.W.O.","Monte Carlo techniques in radiotherapy (tutorial)"
"ROGERS(2003)",2003,"4B06","MC calculated correction factors for primary standards of air kerma","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,  521-532(2003)","Rogers,D.W.O.,Kawrakow,I.","Monte Carlo calculated correction factors for primary standards of air kerma"
"ROGERS(2006)",2006,"2B","Reviews Monte Carlo techniques  for medical physics","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R287-R301(2006)","Rogers,D.W.O.","Fifty years of Monte Carlo simulations for medical physics"
"ROHRBACHER(1998)",1998,"4C3","Detector efficiency (for EPMA)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,  21-28(1998)","Rohrbacher,K.,Andrae,M.,Volkerer,M.,Wernisch,J.","Efficiency calibration of a Si(Li) detector by EPMA"
"ROHREN(2004)",2004,"4A5C","Physics and instrumentation aspects of PET are described","Journal","Radiology 231,305-332 (2004)","Eric M. Rohren, Timothy G. Turkington, R. Edward Coleman","Clinical applications of PET in oncology (review)"
"ROLDAN(2004)",2004,"4E4","Energy dep model for electrons in air,microdosimetric applications","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 95,5865-5870(2004)","Roldan,A.,Perez,J.M.,Willart,A.,Blanco,F.,Garcia,G.","Energy deposition model for low-energy electrons (10-10000 eV) in air"
"ROMANO(2006)",2006,"4C4","XRF determination of trace elements(Rb,Sr,Y,Zr,Nb) in pottery","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,    1-7(2006)","Romano,F.P.,Pappalardo,G.,Pappalardo,L.,Garaffo,S.,Gigli,R.,Pautasso,A.","Quantitative non-destructive determination of trace elements in archeological pottery using a portable beam stability-controlled XRF spectrometer"
"ROMANOWSKI(1986)",1986,"4C5","EBIC,time-dep,carrier lifetime,recomb velocity,diffusion length","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 60,2910-2913(1986)","Romanowski,A.,Wittry,D.B.","Measurement of carrier lifetime, effective recombination velocity, and diffusion length near the grain boundary using the time-dependent electron-beam-induced current"
"ROMERO(1996)",1996,"4C5","EBIC,scattering model,e-h pair generation,semiconductors,5-40 keV","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Engin. B42,168-171(1996)","Romero,M.J.,Araujo,D.,Garcia,R.","Energy-loss dependence of inelastic interactions between high-energy electrons and semiconductors: A model to determine the spatial distribution of electron-hole pairs generation"
"ROMERO(1997)",1997,"4C5","EBIC (electron-hole pair gen)","Journal","Inst Phys Conf Series 157,643-646(1997)","Romero,M.J.,Araujo,D.,Garcia,R.","Dependence of electron-hole generation function on EBIC contrast of defects"
"ROSE(2005)",2005,"4A5C","PET-CT education: fusion imaging redefines how we view diagn imaging","Journal","Radiologic Technology 77, 15-18 (2005)","Taffi Rose","Educating the hybrid technologist"
"ROSEN(1998)",1998,"5A","Software development suggestions","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  301-309(1998)","Rosen,I.I.","Writing software for the clinic"
"ROSSI(1991)",1991,"4E4","Microdosimetry tutorial","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,1085-1092(1991)","Rossi,H.H.,Zaider,M.","Elements of microdosimetry"
"ROSSI(1996)",1996,"4E4","Microdosimetry","Journal","Health Phys. 70,828-831(1996)","Rossi,H.H.","Radiation physics and radiobiology"
"ROSSIGER(1990)",1990,"4C4","XRF analysis,determ thicknss,composition","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 19,211-217(1990)","Rossiger,V.,Thomas,H.J.","Quantitative XRF analysis of surface layers: procedure for the determination of thickness and composition"
"ROUSSEAU(1984A)",1984,"4C4","XRF analysis,fundamental algorithm","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 13,115-120(1984)","Rousseau,R.M.","Fundamental algorithm between concentration and intensity in XRF analysis  1 - Theory"
"ROUSSEAU(1984B)",1984,"4C4","XRF analysis,fundamental algorithm","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 13,121-125(1984)","Rousseau,R.M.","Fundamental algorithm between concentration and intensity in XRF analysis  2 - Practical application"
"ROUSSEAU(1996)",1996,"4C4","XRF,calibration procedures  to adapt any math model to exp't'l data","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,179-189(1996)","Rousseau,R.M.,Willis,J.P.,Duncan,A.R.","Practical XRF calibration procedures for major and trace elements"
"ROUSSEAU(2001A)",2001,"4C4","XRF,estimate of uncertainty of analytical results","Journal","Rigaku Journal 18-1,  8-21(2001)","Rousseau,R.M.","Concept of the influence coefficient"
"ROUSSEAU(2001B)",2001,"4C4","XRF,estimate of uncertainty of analytical results","Journal","Rigaku Journal 18-2,33-47(2001)","Rousseau,R.M.","Detection limit and estimate of uncertainty of analytical XRF results (also on PDF file)"
"ROUSSEAU(2002)",2002,"4C4","XRF,controversy over algorithms","Journal","Rigaku Journal 19-1,25-34(2002)","Rousseau,R.M.","Debate on some algorithms relating concentration to intensity in XRF spectrometry"
"ROUSSET(1998)",1998,"4A5C","PET,algorithm to correct for partial volume effects","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 39,  904-911 (1998)","Olivier G. Roussel, Yilong Ma, Alan C.Evans","Correction for partial volume effects in PET: Principle and validation"
"RPC2003(2003)",2003,"4B06","Comparison of TG-51,TG-21 calibration protocols","Newsletter","MD AndersonCancer Center,Houston TX,RPC newsletter,November 2003","Tailor,R.C.,Hanson,W.F.,Wells,N.,Ibbott,G.S.","Are photon and electron beam calibrations more consistent with TG-51 than with TG-21"
"RUNDGREN(1999)",1999,"4D1","Inelastic mfp,atten length","Journal","Phys. Rev. B59,  5106-5114(1999)","Rundgren,J.","Electron inelastic mean free path, electron attenuation length, and low-energy electron diffraction theory"
"RUSSELL(1995)",1995,"4E6","Protons,dose calcs;straggling,scaling","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,1031-1043(1995)","Russell,K.R.,Grusell,E.,Montelius,A.","Dose calculations in proton beams: range straggling corrections and energy scaling"
"RUSSELL(2000)",2000,"4E6","2 algorithms to calculate dose distribs for treatment planning (protons)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,      9-27(2000).","Russell,K.R.,Isacsson,U.,Saxner,M.,Ahnesjo,A.,Montelius,A.,Grusell,E.,Dahlgren,C.V.,Lorin,S.,Glimelius,B.","Implementation of pencil kernel and depth penetration algorithms for treatment planning of proton beams"
"RUSTE(1979)",1979,"4C3","EPMA,low-Z,quantitative,ZAF procedure","Journal","J. Microsc. Spectrosc. Electron.  4,123-136(1979)","Ruste,J.","Main principles of quantitative microanalysis applied to very light elements"
"RYMAN(1996)",1996,"4B02","Photon transport","Conference","Proc. ANS Rad. Prot. & Shielding Conf., 337-342 (1996)","Ryman,J.C.,Eckerman,K.F.,Shultis,J.K.,Faw,R.E.,Dillman,L.T.","Application of discrete ordinates and Monte Carlo methods to transport of photons from environmental sources"
"SACHS(1997A)",1989,"4A6","Rejoining of double-strand DNA breaks produces chromosome aberrations","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 71,    1-19(1997)","Sachs,R.K.,Chen,A.M.,Brenner,D.J.","Review: Proximity effects in the production of chromosome aberrations by ionizing radiation"
"SACHS(1997B)",1997,"4E5","Reviewed opinion on production, temporal evolution of low-LET damage","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 72, 351-374(1997)","Sachs,R.K.,Hahnfeld,P.,Brenner,D.J.","The link between low-LET dose-response relations and the underlying kinetics of damage production/repair/misrepair (Review)"
"SADROZINSKI(2001)",2001,"4B10","Detectors,silicon,principle of operation","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 48,  933-940(2001)","Sadrozinski,H.F.-W.","Applications of silicon detectors"
"SAEEDI(2004)",2004,"4B06","Changes in electron spectra at 15 MeV calc. by MC,cavity theory","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 71,  979-980(2004)","Saeedi,F,Yin,Z,Hugtenburg,R.P.","Dosimetry in conditions of electronic disequilibrium"
"SAEZ VERGARA(1996)",1996,"4B09","Dosimetry (TLD)","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  65,167-172(1996)","Saezvergara,J.C.,Romero,A.M.,Olko,P.,Budzanowski,M.","The response of the new hypersensitive thermoluminescence materials to high-energy photons (0.6-6.0 MeV)"
"SAITO(2001)",2001,"4E3","W values for krypton,measured with x-rays 85-1000eV (synchrotron)","Journal","Radiat. Res. 156,317-323(2001)","Saito,N.,Suzuki,I.H.","Photon W value for krypton in the M-shell transition region"
"SAKAMOTO(1988)",1988,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,interpolation","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 100, 33-42(1988)","Sakamoto,Y.,Tanaka,S.,Harima,Y.","Interpolation of gamma-ray buildup factors for point isotropic source with respect to atomic number"
"SAKELLARIS(2005)",2005,"4A1C","MC-based simulation of x-ray irradiation of an a-Se detector","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,3717–3738(2005)","Sakellaris,T.,Spyrou,G.,Tzanakos,G.,Panayiotakis,G.","Monte Carlo simulation of primary electron production inside an a-selenium detector for x-ray mammography: physics"
"SALASOO(2002)",2002,"4C2","Electron backscatter in x-ray tubes","Conference","IEEE conference,2002,p. 255-256","Salasoo,L.,Inzinna,L.P.,Linsebigler,A.L.,Truszkowska,K.","Electron backscattering in x-ray tubes: Experiment and analysis"
"SALDIN(1987)",1987,"1A","Inner shell excitation cross sections","Journal","Phil. Mag. 55,  481-489(1987)","Saldin,D.K.,Rez,P.","The theory of the excitation of atomic inner shells in crystals by fast electrons"
"SALEH(1999)",1999,"4C1","Positron diffusion model (ROYPROF) applied to variable energy beams","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 149,  87-96(1999)","Saleh;,A.S.,Taylor,J.W.,Rice-Evans,P.C.","The ROYPROF program for analyzing positron profiling data obtained from variable energy beams"
"SALTER(1968)",1968,"4C3","EPMA,accuracy examination,900 complete analyses,matrix method","Journal","J. Phys. D  1,  541-547(1968)","Salter,W.J.M.","An examination of quantitative electron-probe microanalysis accuracy"
"SALVAT(1984A)",1984,"2B","Monte Carlo model,keV","Journal","J. Phys. D 17,  185-201(1984)","Salvat,F.,Parellada,J.","A simple Monte Carlo calculation of kilovolt electron transport"
"SALVAT(1984B)",1984,"2B","Monte Carlo model,keV","Journal","J. Phys. D 17,1545-1561(1984)","Salvat,F.,Parellada,J.","Penetration and energy loss of fast electrons through matter"
"SALVAT(1985A)",1985,"1B","Electron scattering,inelastic","Journal","J. Phys. D 18,  299-315(1985)","Salvat,F.,Martinez,J.E.,Mayol,R.,Parellada,J.","A simple model for electron-scattering: inelastic collisions"
"SALVAT(1985B)",1985,"1B","Elastic cross sections,simple model","Journal","J. Phys. D 18,1401-1414(1985)","Salvat,F.,Mayol,R.,Molins,E.,Parellada,J.","A simple model for electron scattering: elastic cross sections"
"SALVAT(1987A)",1987,"1B","Electron scattering,elastic","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 20,6597-6612(1987)","Salvat,F.,Mayol,R.,Martinez,J.E.","Elastic scattering of electrons by atoms: a semiphenomenological approach"
"SALVAT(1987B)",1987,"1B","Electron scattering,screening","Journal","Phys. Rev. A36,  467-476(1987)","Salvat,F.,Martinez,J.E.,Mayol,R.,Parellada,J.","Analytical Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater screening function for atoms (Z=1-92)"
"SALVAT(1991)",1991,"1B","Elastic scattering,electrons & positrons","Journal","Phys. Rev. A43,  578-581(1991)","Salvat,F.","Elastic scattering of fast electrons and positrons by atoms"
"SALVAT(1992)",1992,"1B","Electron cross sections","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  63,255-269(1992)","Salvat,F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M..","Semiempirical cross sections for the simulation of the energy loss of electrons and positrons in matter"
"SALVAT(1993)",1993,"1B","Electron scattering,elastic","Journal","Comput. Phys. Comm.  74,358-374(1993)","Salvat,F.,Mayol,R.","Elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by atoms. Schrodinger and Dirac partial wave analysis"
"SALVAT(1995A)",1995,"1B","Schroedinger equation (radial)","Journal","Comput. Phys. Comm.  90,151-168(1995)","Salvat,F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Williamson,W.,Jr.","Accurate numerical solution of the radial Schrodinger and Dirac wave equations"
"SALVAT(1995B)",1995,"2B","PENELOPE code manual","Report","PENELOPE code report (1995)","Salvat,F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Baro,J.,Sempau,J.","PENELOPE (code instruction manual)"
"SALVAT(1996)",1996,"2B","PENELOPE code,manual","Report","University of Barcelona CEIEMAT (Control de Investigaciones Energeticas,Medoambientales y Tecnolgicas) Report 799,1996","Salvat,F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Baro,J.,Sempau,J.","PENELOPE: An algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of the penetration and energy loss of electrons and positrons in matter"
"SALVAT(1997)",1997,"2E","FORTRAN algorithm,Boltz eq soln,plane geom,good physics tutorial","Report","Unpublished (1997),72-page report","Salvat,F.,Sampau,J.,Williamson,W.,Jr.","Numerical solution of the transport equation for kilovolt electrons"
"SALVAT(1998A)",1998,"2B","Monte Carlo simulation (multiple elastic scattering)","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  247-256(1998)","Salvat,F.","Simulation of electron multiple elastic scattering"
"SALVAT(1998B)",1998,"2B","PENELOPE code,geometry package","Report","University of Barcelona Report,1998","Salvat,F.","PENGEOM2, a modular quadric geometry package for Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport with PENELOPE"
"SALVAT(1999)",1999,"2B","M.C.simulation,practical aspects,mixed simulation,variance reduction","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,  15-22(1999)","Salvat,F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Sempau,J.,Mazurier,J.","Practical aspects of Monte Carlo simulation of charged particle transport: Mixed algorithms and variance reduction techniques"
"SALVAT(2001)",2001,"2H","PENELOPE MC code,interaction models,""hard"" interactions","Conference","Proc 9th EGS4 Users' Meeting in Japan,KEK Proceedings 2001-22,p.1-5","Salvat,F.,Fernandex-Varea,J.M.,Acosta,E.,Sampau,J.","The physics of electron/positron transport in PENELOPE"
"SALVAT(2003A)",2003,"2H","PENELOPE,recent work (review),interaction physics,x-ray generation","Journal","Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry: 17th Int'l Conference,Duggan,J.L.,Morgan,I.L.,eds,American Institute of Physics 2003","Salvat,F.,Llovet,X.,Campos,C.,Segui,S.,acosta,E.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Sempau,J.","Review of recent work using the simulation code PENELOPE"
"SALVAT(2003B)",2003,"1B","Elastic scattering,electrons & positrons,optical-model potential","Journal","Phys. Rev. A68,012708[1-17](2003)","Salvat,F.","Optical-model potential for electron and positron elastic scattering by atoms"
"SALVAT(2003C)",2003,"2H","PENELOPE,theor interaction models,electr transport,x-ray emission","Prepint","Preprint,24 pages(2003)","Salvat,F.,Llovet,X.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport and x-ray generation."
"SALVAT(2004A)",2004,"4C3","Cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering (MC,EPMA)","Journal","Microchim. Acta 145,193-202(2004)","Salvat,F.,Llovet,X.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport and x-ray generation. I. Electron elastic and inelastic scattering"
"SALVAT(2004B)",2004,"4C3","Elastic scattering at low energies (tutorial)","Conference","RPD meeting in Madeira 2004","Salvat,F.","Elastic scattering of low-energy electrons and positrons (tutorial)"
"SALVAT(2005)",2005,"1B","Electron elastic scattering code ELSEPA","Journal","Comput. Phys. Comm. 165,157-190(2005)","Salvat,F,Jablonksi,A.,Powell,C.J.","ELSEPA-Dirac partial-wave calculation of elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by atoms, positive ions and molecules"
"SALVAT(2006)",2006,"4C3","EPMA, PENELOPE simulation of x-ray spectra checked","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,  67–74 (2006)","Francesc Salvat, Xavier Llovet, Jose M. Fernandez-Varea, Josep Sempau","Monte Carlo simulation in electron probe microanalysis. Comparison of different simulation algorithms"
"SALVAT(2006A)",2006,"4C3","Practical aspects of MC simulation of EPMA experiments considered","Journal","Microchim. Acta 155,  67-74(2006)","Salvat,F.,Llovet,X.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Sempau,J.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron probe microanalysis. Comparison of different simulation algorithms"
"SALVAT(2006B)",2006,"4C3","No abstract","Journal","Micros. Microanal. 12, 846-847(2006)","Salvat,F.,Llovet,X.","Monte Carlo simulation of EPMA measurements on complex specimens using PENELOPE (extended abstract)"
"SALVAT(2006C)",2006,"4C2","PENELOPE simulation of bremsstrahlung emission,theor cross sects","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 75,1201-1219(2006)","Salvat,F.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Sempau,J.,Llovet,X.","Monte Carlo simulation of bremsstrahlung emission by electrons"
"SALVIA(1998)",1998,"4D1","Quantitative analysis,XPS spectra,peak curve shape fitting","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  95, 45-56(1998)","Salvia,A.M.,Castle,J.E.","The intrinsic asymmetry of photoelectron peaks: dependence on chemical state and role in curve fitting"
"SAMMELSELG(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,Tio2,HfO2,mass thickness determination,also XRF","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  523-527(1999)","Sammelselg,V.,Aarik,J.,Aidla,A.,Kasilov,A.,Heikinheimo,E.,Peussa,M.,Niinisto,L.","Composition and thickness determination of thin oxide films: comparison of different programs and methods"
"SAMUELSSON(1998)",1998,"4A2","Check of generalized Gaussian pencil beam model,9-20 MeV","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,1529-1544(1998)","Samuelsson,A.,Hyodynmaa,S.,Johansson,K-A.","Dose accuracy check of the 3D electron beam algorithm in a treatment planning system"
"SAMUELSSON(2003)",2000,"4A3B","IMRT,optimization algorithm,# beams,collimator angle,etc investigated","Journal","Radiother. Oncol 66,  19-28(2003)","Samuelsson,A.,Johansson,K.","Intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment planning for dynamic multileaf collimator delivery: influence of different parameters on dose distributions"
"SANCHE(1991)",1991,"4D4","Electron transport thru insulators,reflection,mfps,range,HREEL","Book","""Excess Electrons in Dielectric Media"",Ferradini,C.,Jay-Gerin,J-P.,Eds.,CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,1991,chap. 1","Sanche,L.","Primary interactions of low energy electrons in condensed matter(review)"
"SANCHE(1995)",1995,"4D4","Electron interactions w solids,1-30 eV","Journal","Scanning Microsc  9,  619-656(1995)","Sanche,L.","Interactions of low energy electrons with atomic and molecular solids"
"SANCHE(2002A)",2002,"4A6","Expts on biomolecular films bombarded with LEEs reviewed","Journal","Mass Spectr. Rev. 21,349-369(2002)","Sanche,L.","Nanoscopic aspects of radiobiological damage: Fragmentation induced by secondary low-energy electrons"
"SANCHE(2002B)",2002,"4A6","3-20 eV electrons,single,double strand breaks,dry plasmid DNA","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,  57-62(2002)","Sanche,L.","Mechanisms of low energy electron damage to condensed biomolecules and DNA"
"SANCHE(2003)",2003,"4A6","Electron energy dependence of strand breaks in DNA,constitutents","Journal","Physica Scripta 68,C108-C112(2003)","Sanche,L.","Low-energy electron damage to DNA and its basic constituents"
"SANCHE(2005)",2005,"4A6","Low energy electron damage reviewed from radiobiological perspective","Journal","Eur. Phys. J. D, 35,387-390(2005)","Sanche,L.","Low energy electron-driven damage in biomolecules"
"SANCHEZ(1999)",1999,"4C2","XRF,theory,total relection XRF analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,  51-58(1999)","Sanchez,H.J.","Theoretical calculations of detection limits in total reflection XRF analysis"
"SANCHEZ(2004)",2004,"2C","Treatment of highly forward peaked scattering","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 147,249-  (2004)","Sanchez,R.,McCormick,N.J.","Discrete ordinates solutions for highly forward peaked scattering"
"SANDISON(1989)",1989,"4A1","Pencil beam model, beam spreading","Journal","Med. Phys. 16, 881-888(1989)","Sandison,G.A.,Huda,W.,Savoie,D.,Battista,J.J.","Comparison of methods to determine electron pencil beam spread in tissue-equivalent media"
"SANDISON(1990)",1990,"4A2","Dose calculation, electron loss model","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 35,  979-997(1990)","Sandison,G.A.,Papiez,L.S.","Dose computation applications of the electron loss model"
"SANDISON(1994)",1994,"4A2","Scattering of charged particles,Yang's model,exact solutions","Journal","Phys. Rev. E49,4696-4699(1994)","Sandison,G.,Papiez,L.,Tulovsky,V.","Yang's model of charged particle scattering with energy loss"
"SANDISON(1997)",1997,"4E6","Proton dose calculation","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  841-849(1997)","Sandison,G.A.,Lee,C.C.,Lu,X.Y.,Papiez,L.S.","Extension of a numerical algorithm to proton dose calculations  1. Comparisons with Monte-Carlo simulations"
"SANDISON(1998)",1998,"4A2","Mass angular stopping power,high E charged particle beams","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  295-304(1998)","Sandison,G.A.,Papiez,L.S.","The concept of mass angular scattering power and its relation to the diffusion constant"
"SANDISON(2000)",2000,"4E6","Model for 3D dose distribution from proton pencil beam","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,2133-2145(2000)","Sandison,G.A.,Chvetsov,A.V.","Proton loss model for therapeutic beam dose calculations"
"SANDSTROM(2004)",2004,"4A5A","Positron emitter alternative to PET and SPECT","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,5419-5432(2004)","Sandstrom,M.,Tolmachev,V.,Kaireno,K.,Lundqvist,H.,Lubberink,M.","Performance of coincidence imaging with long-lived positron emitters as an alternative to dedicated PET and SPECT"
"SANFORD(1985)",1985,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung generation,.75 MeV,expt","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 32,4410-4415(1985)","Sanford,T.W.L.,Halbleib,J.A.,Beezhold,W.","Experimental check of bremsstrahlung dosimetry predictions for 0.75 MeV electrons"
"SANFORD(1986)",1986,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung,.75 MeV electrons,dose","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 33,1261-1265(1986)","Sanford,T.W.L.,Halbleib,J.A.,Beezhold,W.,Lorence,L.J.","Experimental verification of non-equilibrated bremsstrahlung dosimetry predictions for 0.75 MeV electrons"
"SANFORD(1991)",1991,"4B05","Bremsstrahl gener,ITS calc & TLD expts","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 38,1160-1170(1991)","Sanford,T.W.L.,Beutler,D.E.,Halbleib,J.A.,Knott,D.P.","Experimental verification of bremsstrahlung production and dosimetry predictions for 15.5 MeV electrons"
"SANFORD(1993)",1993,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung atten,dosimetry vs Z,E","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 40,1409-1417(1993)","Sanford,T.W.L.,Halbleib,J.A.,Beutler,D.E.,Knott,D.P.","Experimental verification of dosimetry predictions of bremsstrahlung attenuation as a function of material and electron energy"
"SANFORD(1995)",1995,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung generation,TIGER calc","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 42,1902-1909(1995)","Sanford,T.W.L.,Halbleib,J.A.,Cooperstein,G.,Weber,B.V.","Potential enhancement of warm x-ray dose from a reflexing bremsstrahlung diode"
"SANIZ(2002)",2002,"4E8A","SPEELS,dep on scattering angle,excitations in ferromagnets","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 122,139-145(2002)","Saniz,R.,Apell,S.P.","The role of scattering angle in spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy"
"SANTA CRUZ(2001A)",2001,"4E4","Microdosimetry,theor model - event statistics,uniform distr of ion tracks","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  988-996(2001)","Santa Cruz,G.A.,Palmer,M.R.,Matatagui,E.,Zamenhof,R.G.","A theoretical model for event statistics in microdosimetry. I: Uniform distribution of heavy ion tracks"
"SANTA CRUZ(2001B)",2001,"4E4","Microdosimetry,theor model - event statistics,nonuniform ion tracks","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  997-1005(2001)","Santa Cruz,G.A.,Palmer,M.R.,Matatagui,E.,Zamenhof,R.G.","A theoretical model for event statistics in microdosimetry. II: Nonuniform distribution of heavy ion tracks"
"SANTOS(2003)",2003,"1B","K-shell ionization cross sections,RBEB model,only 2 atomic constants","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36,4211-4224(2003)","Santos,J.P.,Parente,F.,Kim,Y-K.","Cross sections for K-shell ionization of atoms by electron impact"
"SARTORI(1992)",1992,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry,high-ord mult scatt","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 21,299-302(1992)","Sartori,R.,Fernandez,J.E.","High-order multiple scattering contributions in x-ray spectrometry"
"SASTRY(2000)",2000,"4D3","Sec. electrons,inelast mfps,metals","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 106,  93-99(2000)","Sastry,M.","On the correlation between the inelastic mean free paths of secondary electrons and the secondary-electron yield parameter in some metal films"
"SATHERBERG(1996)",1996,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung production","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,  495-503(1996)","Satherberg,A.,Andreo,P.,Karlsson,M.","Bremsstrahlung production at 50 MeV in different target materials and configurations"
"SATO-T(1999)",1999,"4B02","Photon transport,new M.C.method","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 46,2197-2201(1999)","Sato,T.,Ogawa,K.","A new method for photon transport in Monte Carlo simulation"
"SATO-Y(1999)",1999,"4E5","Microbeam methods, analyzed heavy-ion RBE, lethal lesions per track","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 75,1015-1019(1999)","Sato,Y.,Soga,F.","Lethality of single-track events; comparison between calculations and experimental data"
"SAUER(1995)",1995,"4B07","Interface dose,gamma-ray","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1685-1690(1995)","Sauer,O.A.","Calculation of dose distributions in the vicinity of high-Z interfaces for photon beams"
"SAYLOR(2000)",2000,"4A4","Monte Carlo, pt kernel techniques for 3-D radiation processing applics","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 57,  697-700(2000)","Saylor,M.C.,Jordan,T.M.","Application of mathematical modeling technologies to industrial radiation processing"
"SCHAART(2002)",2002,"2H","Comparison of MCNP4 with ITS & experiment,effects of MC parameters","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,1459-1484(2002)","Schaart,D.R., Jansen,J.Th.M., Zoetelief,J., de Leege, P.F.A.","A comparison of MCNP4C electron transport with ITS 3.0 and experiment at incident energies between 100 keV and 20 MeV: influence of voxel size, substeps and energy indexing algorithm"
"SCHACH VON WITTENAU(2000)",2000,"4A1","Monte Carlo photon dose calculations,beam-modifier physics","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,  935-947(2000)","Schach von Wittenau,A.E.,Bergstrom,P.M.,Jr.,Cox,L.J.","Patient-dependent beam-modifier physics in Monte Carlo photon dose calculations"
"SCHALM(2003)",2003,"4C3","EPMA,new approach (from ZAF),thin film element yields measured","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 58B,  669-680(2003)","Schalm,O.,Janssens,K.","A flexible and accurate quantification algorithm for electron probe x-ray microanalysis based on thin-film element yields"
"SCHATTSCHNEIDER(1989)",1989,"4E8A","EELS,dielectric permittivity,interband transitions,plasmon excitation","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   28,    1-15(1989)","Schattschneider,P.","The dielectric description of inelastic scattering"
"SCHATTSCHNEIDER(2005)",2005,"4E8A","Coherence effect ins EELS,""inelastic coherence"" phenomena","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,  81-95(2005)","Schattschneider,P.,Werner,W.S.M.","Coherence in electron energy loss spectrometry"
"SCHIEBL(1991)",1991,"4C3","EPMA,x-ray fluorescence correction factor","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 2,425-442(1991)","Schiebl,C.,August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","A characteristic fluorescence correction factor for use in electron probe microanalysis. 2. Evaluation of experimental results and comparisons"
"SCHIEBL(1996)",1996,"2B","SESAME (3-D Monte Carlo code)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,533-544(1996)","Schiebl,C.O.,Pfeiffer,A.,Wagner,H.W.,Werner,W.S.M.,Stippel,H.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron scattering for arbitrary 2D structures using a modified quadtree geometry discretization"
"SCHILLER(1982)",1982,"5A","Electron beam technology (book)","Journal","J. Wiley,New York,1982 (TK7865 S2613 1982)","Schiller,S.,Heisig,U.,Panzer,S.","Electron beam technology"
"SCHMITT(1994A)",1994,"4C4","XRF,ang-resolved,synchr radiation","Journal","Fres J Anal Chem 349,144-145(1994)","Schmitt,W.,Rothe,J.,Hormes,J.,Gries,W.H.","Angle-resolved x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using synchrotron radiation at ELSA"
"SCHMITT(1994B)",1994,"4C4","XRF,ang-resolved,synchr, depth prof","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A12,2467-2472(1994)","Schmitt,W.,Rothe,J.,Hormes,J.,Gries,W.H.","Angle-resolved self-ratio measurements on ion-implanted depth profiles by synchrotron x-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"SCHMITT(1995)",1995,"4C4","XRF,synchr,film thickness determ","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  97,407-411(1995)","Schmitt,W.,Drotbohm,P.,Rothe,J.Hormes,J.,Ottermann,C.R.,Bange,K.","Thickness determination of thin solid films by angle-resolved x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using monochromatized synchrotron radiation"
"SCHMORANZER(1995)",1995,"4C7","Lithography,e-beam,depth-dose,1D,2D","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B105, 35-41(1995)","Schmoranzer,H.,Reisser,M.","Spatial energy deposition distribution by a keV-electron beam in resist layers for electron-beam lithography"
"SCHODER(2003)",2003,"4A5C","Review,combined PET and CT,PET/CT imaging clinical applications","Journal","Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Molec. Imaging 30,1419-1437(2003)","Schroder,H.,erdi,Y.E.,Larson,S.M.,Yeung,H.W.D.","PET/CT:  a new imaging technology in nuclear medicine"
"SCHODER(2007)",2007,"4A5C","PET,PET/CT,whole body screening for cancer,also radiation dosimetry","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 48,     4S-18S(2007)","Heiko Schöder, Mithat Gönen","Screening for cancer with PET and PET/CT: Potential and limitations"
"SCHOLZ(1994)",1994,"4E4","Heavy ion effects;track structure, x-ray sensitivity and target size","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,  29-33(1994)","Tilikidis,A.,Skog,S.,Brahme,A.","Calculation of heavy ion inactivation probabilities based on track structure, x-ray sensitivity and target size"
"SCHOLZ(1997)",1996,"4E4","Computation of cell survival in heavy-ion beams for therapy","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 36,  59-66(1997)","Scholz,M.,Keller,A.M.,Kraft-Weyrather,W.,Kraft,G.","Computation of cell survival in heavy-ion beams for therapy, the model and its approximation"
"SCHOLZ(2003A)",2003,"4A3A","Superposition or MC have to be used to optimize IMRT final dose calc","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,1909-1913(2003)","Scholz,C.,Nill,S.,Oelfke,U.","Comparison of IMRT optimization based on a pencil beam and a superposition algorithm"
"SCHOLZ(2003B)",2003,"4A3A","Superposition algorithm for IMRT developed,tested","Journal","Radiother. Oncol 69,  79-90(2003)","Scholz,C.,Schulze,C.,Oelfke,U.,Bortfeld,T.","Development and clinical application of a fast superposition algorithm in radiation therapy"
"SCHOLZE(1996)",1996,"4E1","Electron-hole pair creation","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 69,2974-2976(1996)","Scholze,F.,Rabus,H.,Ulm,G.","Measurement of the mean electron-hole pair creation energy in crystalline silicon for photons in the 50-1500 eV spectral range"
"SCHOLZE(2001)",2001,"4C4","Efficiency,response functions for energy-dispersive x-ray spectormeter","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,  69-76(2001)","Scholze,F.,Procop,M.","Measurement of detection efficiency and response functions for an Si(Li) X-ray spectrometer in the range 0.1-5 keV"
"SCHOLZE(2005)",2005,"4B10","XRF,detection efficiency essential for fund parameter quantification","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,473-476(2005)","Scholze,F.,Procop,M.","Detection efficiency of energy-dispersive detectors with low energy windows"
"SCHOU(1989)",1989,"4D3","Sec. electron emission (review)","Journal","Scanning Microsc  3,  429-433(1989)","Schou,J.","Secondary electron emission: progress and prospects"
"SCHREIBER(2002)",2002,"4D4","Secondary emission from SiO2 (insulator),Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 124,  25-37(2002)","Schreiber,E.,Fitting,H.-J.","Monte Carlo simulation of secondary electron emission from the insulator SiO2"
"SCHROEDER(1996)",1996,"4D1","X-ray absorption spectroscopy","Journal","Sol. St. Comm.  98,405-409(1996)","Schroeder,S.L.M.","Towards a universal curve for total electron-yield XAS"
"SCHUHMACHER(2002)",2002,"4E5","Track structure,microdosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,317-323(2002)","Schuhmacher,H.,Dangendorf,V.","Experimental tools for track structure investigations: New approaches for dosimetry and microdosimetry"
"SCHULTE(2001)",2001,"4E5","Review,nanodosimetry,track structure,low energy deposition events","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:177-180(2001)","Schulte,R.,Bashkirov,S.Shchemelinin,Gary,G.,Checkik,R.,Breskin,A.","Modeling of radiation action based on nanodosimetric event spectra"
"SCHULTZ(1988)",1988,"4C1","Positron interactions (review)","Journal","Rev. Mod. Phys. 60,701-779(1988)","Schultz,P.J.,Lynn,K.G.","Interaction of positron beams with surfaces, thin-films, and interfaces (review)"
"SCHULTZ(1990A)",1990,"4C1","Positron slowing down","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #205, 639-644(1990)","Schultz,P.J.,Logan,L.R.,Lennard,W.N.,Massoumi,G.M.","Slowing down of positrons in solids"
"SCHULTZ(1990B)",1990,"4C1","Positron slowing down,applics","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 4,223-237(1990)","Schultz,P.J.,Logan,L.R.,Lennard,W.N.,Massoumi,G.M.","Slowing down of positrons and applications to solid surfaces"
"SCHULTZ(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron-solid interaction","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  90,567-578(1994)","Schultz,P.J.,Massoumi,G.R.,Lennard,W.N.","Positron and electron-solid interactions"
"SCHUT(1995)",1995,"4C1","VEPFIT program extension,solves positron transport equation","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,225-228(1995)","Schut,H.,van Veen,A.","Extension of the PC version of VEPFIT with input and output routines running under Windows"
"SCHWAIGER(2005)",2005,"4A5C","PET/CT:Clinical potential for characteriz of coronary artery disease","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,1664-1678(2005)","Markus Schwaiger,","PET/CT: Challenge for nuclear cardiology (review)"
"SCORA(1997)",1997,"2E","Phase-space evolution method","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  177-187(1997)","Scora,D.,Faddegon,B.A.","Monte-Carlo based phase-space evolution for electron dose calculation"
"SCOTT(1985)",1985,"4C3","EPMA,thin layers on substrates","Journal","J. de Micros. & Spectros. Electr. 10,251-267(1985)","Scott,V.D.","Analysis of thin layers on substrates using EPMA"
"SCOTT(1990)",1990,"4C3","EPMA, universal correction procedure?","Journal","Scanning 12,193-202(1990)","Scott,V.D.,Love,G.","The prospects of a universal correction procedure for quantitative EPMA"
"SCOTT(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,universal correction method","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 21,  27-35(1992)","Scott,V.D.,Love,G.","Formulation of a universal electron probe microanalysis correction method"
"SCOTT(1997)",1997,"4C3","EPMA using long wavelength x-rays","Journal","J .Trace Micropr. Techn. 15,369-378(1997)","Scott,V.D.,Love,G.","Electron probe microanalysis using long-wavelength x-rays"
"SCOTT(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,low Z, low energy x-rays (review)","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  367-376(1999)","Scott,V.D.,Love,G.","EPMA using low-energy (0.1-1.0 keV) x-rays: an historical perspective"
"SCOTT(2002)",2002,"4A5C","Current status of positron emission tomography in oncology","Journal","Austral. Radiology 26,154-162(2002)","Scott,A.","Current status of positron emission tomography in oncology"
"SCOTT(2005)",2005,"1B","BEB theory applied to molecules with heavy elements","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  973-977(2006)","Scott,G.E.,Irikura,K.K.","Performance of binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) theory for electron-impact ionization cross sections of molecules containing heavy elements (Z>10)"
"SCUDDER(1978)",1978,"4A5B","Introduction to computer aided tomography","Journal","Proc. IEEE 66,  628-637(1978)","Scudder,H.J.","Introduction to computer aided tomography"
"SEAH(1979)",1979,"4D1","Quantiative XPS,electron inelastic mean free paths database","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal.   1,    1-11(1979)","Seah,M.P.,Dench,W.A.","Quantitative electron spectroscopy of surfaces: A standard data base for electron inelastic mean free paths in solids"
"SEAH(1980)",1980,"4D1","Quantitative analysis of surfaces by XPS (review)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal.   2,222-239(1980)","Seah,M.P.","The quantitative analysis of surfaces by XPS: A review"
"SEAH(1984A)",1980,"4D1","XPS from 4C,4O peaks,stratification & other params can be determined","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 21,  336-341(1984)","M. P. Seah, J. H. Qiu, P. J. Cumpson, J. E. Castle","Simple method of depth profiling (stratifying) contamination layers, illustrated by studies on stainless steel"
"SEAH(1984B)",1984,"4D1","AES,XPS (review)","Journal","Vacuum 34,  221-344(1984)","Seah,M.P.","A review of the analysis of surfaces and thin films by AES and XPS"
"SEAH(1985)",1985,"4D1","AES,XPS,measurement","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 3,1330-1337(1985)","Seah,M.P.","Measurement: AES and XPS"
"SEAH(1986C)",1986,"4D1","AES,XPS,quantific,measurement","Journal","Vacuum 36,  399-407(1986)","Seah,M.P.","Quantification and measurement by Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"SEAH(1996A)",1996,"4D1","AES/XPS,surface analysis standards","Journal","Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A354,2765-2780(1996)","Seah,M.P.","Standards for surface analysis: a clash between bureaucracy and science"
"SEAH(1996B)",1996,"4D1","AES,quantitative,background subtraction","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 24,  830-838(1996)","Seah,M.P.","Quantitative AES.  4. Accuracy of the numerical evaluation of peak areas in AES using the universal Tougaard background subtraction method"
"SEAH(1997)",1997,"4D1","AES,spectrometer calibration","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  83,197-208(1997)","Seah,M.P.,Gilmore,I.S.","AES: Energy calibration of electron spectrometers. 3. General calibration"
"SEAH(1998A)",1998,"4D1","Analysis of backscattered background of true Auger spectra","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  723-735 (1998)","Seah,M.P.,Gilmore,I.S.","Quantitative AES Backscattering and backgrounds--An VI. Analysis of elemental systematics and corrections of absolute intensity"
"SEAH(1998B)",1998,"4D1","Correlation of theor. predictions of Auger electron intensities w/expt","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  908-929(1998)","Seah,M.P.,Gilmore,J.S.","Quantitative AES. VIII: Analysis of Auger electron intensities from elemental data in a digital Auger database"
"SEAH(1999A)",1999,"4D1","XPS software,peak synthesis(fitting),VAMAS format","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 144-145,183-187(1999)","Seah,M.P.,Brown,M.T.","Validation and accuracy of peak synthesis software for XPS"
"SEAH(1999B)",1999,"4D1","AES/XPS,reference data","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 144-145,161-167(1999)","Seah,M.P.","Reference data for Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined"
"SEAH(1999C)",1999,"4D1","AES/XPS,improving analysis,comparing expt and theory","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 100, 55-73(1999)","Seah,M.P.","Quantitative AES and XPS: convergence between theory and experimental databases"
"SEAH(2000)",2000,"4D1","AES,insulators,basic rules to avoid charging problem","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 109,291-308(2000)","Seah,M.P.,Spencer,S.J.","AES of bulk insulators - control and characterization of the surface charge"
"SEAH(2001)",2001,"4D1","Correlation of theor XPS intensities with expt'l data for 46 elements","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 120,  93-111 (2001)","Seah,M.P.,Gilmore,J.S.","I. Analysis of X-ray photoelectron intensities from elemental data in a digital photoelectron database"
"SEAH(2001A)",2001,"4D1","Standard for XPRS spectrometers,calibration","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  721-723(2001)","Seah,M.P.","Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: VII ISO 15472:2001 - surface chemical analysis - x-ray photoelectron spectrometers - calibration of energy scales"
"SEAH(2001B)",2001,"4D1","AES, XPS databases correlation;backgrd removal using REELS data","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  778-795(2001)","Seah,M.P.,Gilmore,I.S.,Spencer,S.J.","Quantitative AES IX and quantitative XPS II: Auger and x-ray photoelectron intensities and sensitivity factors from spectral digital databases reanalyzed using a REELS database"
"SEAH(2001C)",2001,"4D1","Simplified equations,AES,XPS,take into account elastic scattering","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  835-846(2001)","Seah,M.P.,Gilmore,I.S.","Simplified equations for correction parameters for elastic scattering effects in AES and XPS for Q, beta and attenuation lengths"
"SEAH(2001D)",2001,"4D1","Standard for 340 terms for surface chemical analysis","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,1048-1049(2001)","Seah,M.P.","Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: VIII, ISO 18115:2001 - Surface chemical analysis - Vocabulary"
"SEAH(2002A)",2002,"4D1","Quantification issues concerning the analysis of ultrathin SiO2 layers","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 33,  640-652(2002)","Seah,M.P.,Spencer,S.J.","Ultrathin SiO2 on Si: II. Issues in quantification of the oxide thickness"
"SEAH(2002B)",2002,"4D1","3 model functions used to describe peak shapes","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 33,  950-953(2002)","Seah,M.P.","Resolution parameters for model functions used in surface analysis"
"SEAH(2002C)",2002,"4D1","Ultrathin SiO2 films,ellipsometry,mapping with angle-resolved XPS","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 33,  960-963(2002)","Seah,M.P.,White,R.","Ultrathin SiO2 on Si: III mapping the layer thickness efficiently by XPS"
"SEAH(2003)",2002,"4D1"," Measuring XPS intensities, thickness calculation of SiO2 layers on Si","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  515-524(2003)","Seah,M.P.,Spencer,S.J.","Ultrathin SiO2 on Si: IV. Intensity measurement in XPS and deduced thickness linearity"
"SEAH(2004)",2004,"4D1","XPS and many other measurement techniques,SiO2 on SI (review)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,1269-1303(2004)","Seah,M.P. (37 authors total)","Critical review of the current status of thickness measurements for ultrathin SIO2 on SI.  Part V: Results of a CCQUM pilot study"
"SEEGER(1995)",1995,"4C1","Diffusivity of positrons at thermal energies","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,   8-16(1995)","Seeger,A.","Positron diffusion in solids and in liquid metals"
"SEEGER(1998)",1998,"4C1","Analytical theory,slowing down & thermalization of positrons","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 10,10461-10474(1998)","Seeger,A.","An analytical theory of the slowing down and the thermalization of positrons in condensed matter"
"SEEGER(1999)",1999,"4C1","Age theory,solution of Boltzmann equation,penetration of positrons","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 149,287-303(1999)","Seeger,A.,Britton,D.T.","Slowing-down and penetration of positrons in condensed matter"
"SEGUI(1996)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,new surface ionization model,phi(0)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,110-114(1996)","Segui,S.Trincavelli,J.,Castellano,G.,Riveros,J.","Simple model for surface ionization in electron probe microanalysis"
"SEGUI(2003)",2003,"1B","L-shell x-ray production cross sections,W,Pt,Au(expt)","Journal","Phys. Rev. A67,062710[1-12](2003)","Segui,S.,Dingfelder,M.,Salvat,F.","Distorted-wave calculation of cross sections for inner-shell ionization by electron and positron impact"
"SEILER(1983)",1983,"4D3","Sec emission review:energy,ang-distrib,yield,escape depth,backscat","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 54,    1R-8R(1983)","Seiler,H.","Secondary electron emission in the scanning electron microscope (review)"
"SELIM(2000)",2000,"4C1","Multiple scattering measurements of positrons in thin gold polycrystal","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B168,    1-10(2000)","Selim,F.A.,Hunt,A.W.,Howell,R.,Lynn,K.G.,Golovchenko,J.A.","Multiple scattering measurements of energetic positrons in a thin gold polycrystal"
"SELTZER(1979)",1979,"4B01","Space shielding data,depth-dose distribs for omni-dir elec/proton fluxes","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 26,4896-4904(1979)","Seltzer,S.M.","Electron, electron-bremsstrahlung and proton depth-dose data for space-shielding applications"
"SELTZER(1982A)",1982,"1B","Electron stopping pwr,bremsstahlung prod,elastic scatt,impact ioniz","Report","NBSIR 82-2572(Sept 1982)","Seltzer,S.M.,Berger,M.J.","Status of electron transport cross sections"
"SELTZER(1982B)",1982,"1B","Improvements in cross-section database for ETRAN,EGS,SANDYL,etc.","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 41,477-478(1982)","Seltzer,S.M.,Berger,M.J.","Status of electron transport cross sections [see MOREL(1982)]"
"SELTZER(1982C)",1982,"1B",,"Journal","Int J Appl Radiat Isot.33,1219-1226(1982)","Seltzer, S.M.,Berger,M.J.","Procedure for calculating the radiation stopping power for electrons"
"SELTZER(1985)",1985,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung calculations","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  12,  95-134(1985)","Seltzer,S.M.,Berger,M.J.","Bremsstrahlung spectra from electron interactions with screened atomic nuclei and orbital electrons"
"SELTZER(1987)",1987,"3C","Energy deposition (multilayers)","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 38, 349-364(1987)","Seltzer,S.M.,Berger,M.J.","Energy deposition by electron, bremsstrahlung, and Co-60 gamma-ray beams in multilayer media"
"SELTZER(1988A)",1988,"2B","ETRAN Monte Carlo code, overview","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 7, 153-182(1989)","Seltzer,S.M.","An overview of ETRAN Monte Carlo methods"
"SELTZER(1988B)",1988,"2B","ETRAN Monte Carlo code, applications","Book","Jenkins,T.M.,Nelson,W.R.,Rindi,A.(Eds.),""Monte Carlo Transport of Electrons and Photons"",Plenum,New York,Chapter 9,221-246(1989)","Seltzer,S.M.","Applications of ETRAN Monte Carlo codes"
"SELTZER(1991)",1991,"2B","ETRAN Monte Carlo code","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 917-941(1991)","Seltzer,S.M.","Electron photon Monte-Carlo calculations: the ETRAN code"
"SELTZER(1993)",1993,"1A","Photon absorption coefficients","Journal","Radiat. Res. 136,147-170(1993)","Seltzer,S.M.","Calculation of photon mass energy-transfer and mass energy-absorption coefficients"
"SELTZER(1995)",1995,"2B","ETRAN and ITS codes,physics","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,332-333(1995)","Seltzer,S.M.","Physics of ETRAN and ITS electron-photon Monte Carlo codes"
"SELTZER(2002)",2002,"4B03","Monte Carlo,point kernel,beta particles","Report","NISTIR 6871(2002)","Seltzer,S.M.","Monte Carlo modeling for intravascular brachytherapy sources"
"SEMAAN(2001)",2001,"4C2","Bremsstrahlung spectra, experiment & calculation","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 30,  37-43(2001)","Semaan,M.,Quarles,C.A.","A model for low-energy thick-target bremsstrahlung produced in a scanning electron microscope"
"SEMENENKO(2003)",2003,"4E5","Revision of OREC with NIST elastic cross sections","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 42:213-217(2003)","Semenenko,V.A.,Turner,J.E.,Borak,T.B.","NOREC, a Monte Carlo code for simulating electron tracks in liquid water"
"SEMENENKO(2004)",2004,"4E5","Detailed track simulations by Monte Carlo, DNA damage spectrum","Journal","Radiat. Res. 161,451-457(2004).","Semenenko,V.A.,Stewart,R.D.","A fast Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the spectrum of DNA damages formed by ionizing radiation"
"SEMENENKO(2006)",2006,"4A6","MC simulations of DNA damage formation process,clusters","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,1693-1706(2006)","Semenenko,V.A.,Stewart,R.D..","Fast Monte Carlo simulation of DNA damage formed by electrons and light ions"
"SEMETER(2001)",2001,"4C6","aurora,multispectral imaging,optical spectrum","Journal","J. Atm Solar-Terrestr Physics 63,1981-1992(2001)","Semeter,J.Lummerzheim,D.,Haerendel,G.","Simultaneous multispectral imaging of the discrete aurora"
"SEMPAU(1997)",1997,"2H","New Monte Carlo simulation algorithm","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B132,377-390(1997)","Sempau,J.,Acosta,E.,Baro,J.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Salvat,F.","An algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of coupled electron-photon transport"
"SEMPAU(2000A)",2000,"4A3A","MC statistical fluctuations reduced,speeding up treatment planning","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45, 131-157(2000)","Sempau,J.,Bielajew,A.F.","Towards the elimination of Monte Carlo statistical fluctuation from dose volume histograms for radiotherapy treatment planning"
"SEMPAU(2000B)",2000,"2H","DPM code,high accuracy alternative to treatment planning analytic algs","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,2263-2291(2000)","Sempau,J.,Wilderman,S.J.,Bielajew,A.F.","DPM, a fast, accurate Monte Carlo code optimized for photon and electron radiotherapy treatment planning dose calculations"
"SEMPAU(2001)",2001,"4A1B","PENELOPE,simulation of electron beams from accelerator head","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 46,1163-1186(2001)","Sempau,J.,Sánchez-Reyes,A.,Salvat,F.,Oulad ben Tahar,H.,Jiang,S.B.,Fernández-Varea,J.M.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron beams from an accelerator head using PENELOPE"
"SEMPAU(2003)",2003,"2H","PENELOPE code,experimental benchmarks","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B207,107-123(2003)","Sempau,J.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Acosta,E.,Salvat,F.","Experimental benchmarks of the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE"
"SEMPAU(2004)",2004,"4B09","PENELOPE simulations of 3 ionization chambers","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,4427-4444(2004)","Sampau,J.,Andreo,P.,Aldana,J.,Mazurier,J.,Salvat,F.","Electron beam quality correction factors for plane-parallel ionization chambers: Monte Carlo calculations using the PENELOPE system"
"SEMPAU(2006)",2006,"4B09","PENELOPE, ionization chamber emulation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,3533-3548(2006)","Sampau,J.,Andreo,P.","Configuration of the electron transport algorithm of PENELOPE to simulate ion chambers"
"SEO(2005)",2005,"4A5B","Reconstruction algorithm,SPECT/CT data from phantoms, photon atten","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,  868-877(2005)","Youngho Seo, Kenneth H. Wong, Mingshan Sun, Benjamin L. Franc, Randall A. Hawkins, Bruce H. Hasegawa","Correction of photon attenuation and collimator response for a body-contouring SPECT/CT imaging system"
"SEREBRYAKOV(2004)",2004,"4C4","Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescent analyzer for study of artworks","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,699-702(2004)","Serebryakov,A.S.,Demchenko,E.L.,Koudryashov,V.I,Sokolov,A.D.","Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescent (ED XRF) analyzer X-Art for investigation of artworks"
"SESSLER(1967)",1967,"4B11","Expt'l work on polymer films reviewed,compared w models","Journal","IEEE Trans Electr Insul   4,614-628(1997)","Sessler,G.M.","Charge distribution and transport in polymers"
"SESSLER(1989)",1989,"4B11","Review,charge storage processes in dielectrics,especially SiO2,PVDF","Journal","IEEE Trans Electr Insul 24,395-402(1989)","Sessler,G.M.","Charge storage in dielectrics"
"SEVOV(1989)",1989,"4C3","EPMA,correction procedures","Journal","Scanning 11,123-134(1989)","Sevov,S.,Degischer,H.P.,August,H.J.,Wernisch,J.","A comparison of recently developed correction procedures for electron probe microanalysis"
"SEWELL(1985A)",1985,"4C3","EPMA,x-ray depth distribs meas","Journal","J. Phys. D 18,1233-1243(1985)","Sewell,D.A.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Universal correction procedure for electron probe microanalysis. 1. Measurement of x-ray depth distributions in solids"
"SEWELL(1985B)",1985,"4C3","EPMA,absorption correction factor","Journal","J. Phys. D 18,1245-1268(1985)","Sewell,D.A.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Universal correction procedure for electron probe microanalysis. 2. The absorption correction"
"SEWELL(1985C)",1985,"4C3","EPMA,correction procedures","Journal","J. Phys. D 18,1269-1280(1985)","Sewell,D.A.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Universal correction procedure for electron probe microanalysis. 3. Comparison with other recent correction procedures"
"SEWELL(1987)",1987,"4C3","EPMA,universal correction procedure","Journal","J. Phys. D 20,1567-1573(1987)","Sewell,D.A.,Love,G.,Scott,V.D.","Universal correction procedure for electron probe microanalysis. 4. The tilt factor"
"SGOUROS(1990)",1990,"4A5A","Calculation of spatially-varying radiation absorbed dose w/CT images","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 31,1884-1891(1990)","George Sgouros, Glenn Barest, Jose Thekkumthala, Chen Chui, Radhe Mohan, Rodney E. Bigler,Pat B. Zanzonico","Treatment planning for internal radionuclide therapy: Three-dimensional dosimetry for nonuniformly distributed radionucides"
"SGOUROS(1993)",1993,"4A5A","PET/CT, absorbed dose calculations for radiolabeled antibody therapy","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 34,1595-1601(1993)","GeorgeSgounos,StephenChiu, Keith S. Pentlow,Linda J. Brewster,Hovanes Kalaigian,Bernard Baldwin,Farhad Daghighian, Martin C. Graham, Steven M. Larson, Radhe Mohan","Three-dimensional dosimetry for radioimmunotherapy treatment planning"
"SGOUROS(2004)",2004,"4A5A","3-D patient-specif dosimetry->radionuclide distribution, patient variability","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 45,1366–1372(2004)","George Sgouros,Katherine S. Kolbert, Arif Sheikh, Keith S. Pentlow, Edward F. Mun, Axel Barth, Richard J. Robbins, Steven M. Larson","Patient-specific dosimetry for I131 thyroid cancer therapy using I124 PET and 3-dimensional–internal dosimetry (3D–ID) software"
"SGOUROS(2005)",2005,"4A5A","Reviews concepts,definitions,approaches to absorbed dose estimation","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,    18S-27S(2005)","George Sgouros","Dosimetry of internal emitters (review)"
"SHAHINE(1999)",1999,"4B06","Dose vs depth near air/polystyrene interface expts compared to models","Journal","Med. Phys. 26, 350-355(1999)","Shahine,B.H.,Al-Ghazi,M.S.A.L.,El-Khatib,E.","Experimental evaluation of interface doses in the presence of air cavities compared with treatment planning algorithms"
"SHALTOUT(2006)",2006,"1A","Polynomial coeffs for M,N edges,Z (61-69) corrected,edge data added","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,  52-56(2006)","Shaltout,A.,Ebel,H.,Svagera,R.","Update of photoelectric absorption coefficients in the tables of McMaster"
"SHARD(1998)",1998,"4D1","Low-E Auger transitions in absorbate excited by secondary radiation","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 10,L69-L72(1998)","Shard,A.G.,Cowie,B.C.C.","A demonstration of Auger electron emission stimulated by secondary radiation: implications for x-ray standing-wave analysis of surfaces"
"SHARKEY(2005)",2005,"4A6","Views of current status, future prospects of antibodies in RIT","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,  115S-127S(2005)","Robert M. Sharkey, David M. Goldenberg","Perspectives on cancer therapy with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (review)"
"SHARMA(1979)",1980,"4B03","Backscattering of beta-rays as a function of thickness","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 50,1529-1532(1979)","Sharma,K.K.,SIngh,M.","Variation of beta-ray backscattering with target thickness"
"SHARMA(1980)",1980,"4B03","Backscattering of beta-rays as a function of Z","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 51,2239-2241(1980)","Sharma,K.K.,SIngh,M.","Z dependence of thick-target beta-ray backscattering"
"SHARMA(2005)",2005,"1A","X-ray fluoresc yields of Au,Hg,Tl from cross-sects for L sub-shell x-rays","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  35-41(2005)","Sharma,M,Singh,P.,Shahi,J.S.,Mehta,D.,Singh,N.","Lsub i (i=1,2,3) sub-shell fluorescence yields for 79Au,80Hg, and 81Tl"
"SHARPE(1995)",1995,"4B09","Dosimeters (different types)","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  61,183-186(1995)","Sharpe,P.H.G.,Burns,D.T.","The relative response of Fricke dichromate and alanine dosemeters to Co-60 and high energy electron beam radiation"
"SHAW(1994)",1994,"4B08","Total electron yield,Au, not dependent on X-ray polarization","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 76,4358-4361(1994)","Shaw,P.S.,Hanany,S.,Liu,Y.,Novick,R.,Larosa,G.,Manzo,G.,Santagelo,A.,Bivona,S.","The polarization dependence of X-ray photoelectron yield of a Au photocathode"
"SHCHEMELININ(2002)",2002,"4E5","Novel nanodosimeter,ion counting,radiation-induced ionization patterns","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A477,527-530(2002)","Shchemelinin,S.,Garty,G.,Breskina,A.,Chechik,R.,Schulte,R.W.M.","Ion-counting nanodosimetry: a new method for assessing radiation damage to DNA"
"SHEA(1984)",1984,"4C5","Review,depth-dose functions for EBIC","Book","Electron Beam Interactions with Solids, ed. D.F. Kyser, H. Niedrig, D.E. Newbury, R. Shimizu, (SEM Inc.),145-151(1984)","Shea,S.P.","Energy and atomic number dependence of electron depth-dose and lateral-dose functions"
"SHEIKH-BAGHERI(2002A)",2002,"4A1A","BEAM code,simulated 9 photon beams,electron beam parameters","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,  379-390(2002)","Sheikh-Bagheri,D.,Rogers,D.W.O.","Sensitivity of megavoltage photon beam Monte Carlo simulations to electron beam and other parameters"
"SHEN(1987)",1987,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Health Phys. 53,  37-47(1987)","Shen,L.,Catchen,G.L.,Levine,S.H.","Experimental and computational techniques for beta-particle dosimetry"
"SHEPARD(1999)",1999,"4A3A","Radiation therapy optimization (tutorial,review)","Journal","SIAM Review 41,721-744(1999)","Shepard,D.M.,Ferris,M.C.,Olivera,G.H.,Mackie,T.R.","Optimizing the delivery of radiation therapy to cancer patients (review)"
"SHEPARD(2000)",2000,"4A3A","Inverse planning syst,gamma knife,nonlinear programming techniques","Journal","Med. Phys. 27,2748-2756(2000)","Shepard,D.M.,Ferris,M.C.,Ove,R.,Ma,L.","Inverse treatment planning for gamma knife radiosurgery"
"SHEPARD(2003)",2003,"4E6","IMRT optimization,toolbox,pencil beams","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,2320-23  (2003)","Shepard,D.M.,Jiang,Z.,Earl,M.A.,Ferris,M.C.,Lim,J.,Naqvi,S.","A toolbox for intensity modulated radiation therapy optimization"
"SHEPARD(2003A)",2003,"4A3A","Automated planning system reduces time for gamma knife treatmnt pl","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Oncology Biol. Phys. 56,1488-1494(2003)","Shepard,D.M.,Chin,L.S.,DiBiase,S.J.,Naqvi,S.A.,Lim,J.,Ferris,M.J.","Clinical implementation of an automated planning system for gamma knife surgery"
"SHERMAN(1955)",1983,"4C3","XRF,classic theoretical formulas for fluorescent x-ray intensities","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta   7,    283-$(1955)","Sherman,J.","The theoretical derivation of fluorescent X-ray intensities from mixtures"
"SHI(1997)",1997,"4C1","New model for positron trapping in insulators (e.g.,diamond)","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 116,203-210(1997)","Shi,M.Waeber,W.B.,Triftshauser,W.","Defect spectroscopy in diamond, a new model for positron trapping in insulators"
"SHIMIZU(1971)",1971,"3C","Electron backscattering, Monte Carlo study","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 42,  387-392(1971)","Shimizu,R.,Murata,K.","Monte Carlo calculations of the electron-sample interactions in the scanning electron microscope"
"SHIMIZU(1975A)",1978,"4C3","Semiempirical stopping power formula,low energies","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 33,784-786(1978)","Shimizu,R.,Everhart,T.E.","A semiempirical stopping-power formula for use in microprobe analysis"
"SHIMIZU(1975B)",1975,"2B","PMMA,MC calcs,energy dissipation profiles,expt and theory","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 46,1581-1584(1975)","Shimizu,R.,Ikuta,T.","Experimental and theoretical study of energy dissipation profiles of keV electrons in polymethylmethacrylate"
"SHIMIZU(1975C)",1975,"3B","Electron transm energy distribution,expt & MC","Journal","J. Phys. D  8,  820-828(1975)","Shimizu,R.,Kataoka,Y.,Matsukawa,T.,Ikuta,T.,Murata,K.,Hashimoto,H.","Energy distribution measurement of transmitted electrons and Monte Carlo simulation for kilovolt electron"
"SHIMIZU(1976)",1976,"2B","""New"" MC approach,applied to electron transmission in Al","Journal","J. Phys. D  9,  101-113(1976)","Shimizu,R.,Kataoka,Y.,Ikuta,T.,Koshikawa,T.,Hashimoto,H.","A Monte Carlo approach to the direct simulation of electron penetration in solids"
"SHIMIZU(1977)",1977,"4D1","AES,MC,basic paper","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 31,692-694(1977)","Shimizu,R.,Aratama,M.,Ichimura,S.,Yamazaki,Y.,Ikuta,T.","Application of Monte Carlo calculation to fundamentals of scanning Auger electron microscopy"
"SHIMIZU(1992)",1992,"2B","Monte Carlo modeling (review)","Journal","Rept. Prog. Phys. 55,  487-531(1992)","Shimizu,R.,Ding,Z.J.","Monte-Carlo modeling of electron-solid interactions"
"SHIMIZU(2005)",2005,"0A","History of Monte Carlo simulation in Japan,1960s-1970s","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B232,117–124(2005)","Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo simulation studies in Japan on interaction of charged particles with solids during those early days in 1960s–1970s"
"SHIMOTSUMA(2001)",2001,"4D1","New matrix correction method proposed,incl density,backsc,inel mfp","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  102-105(2001)","Shimotsuma,Y,,Ichimura,S.","Backscattering correction for AES spectra measured at oblique(>45deg) incidence of primary electron beam"
"SHIN(1978)",1978,"4B01","E/P MC code,TAURUS,calcs gamma-ray,bremsstrahlung penetration","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 151,271-276(1978)","Shin,K.,Hayashida,H.,Nakamura,T.","Shielding study of bremsstrahlung in bulk media with electrons.  Part I: Monte Carlo calculation of thick-target bremsstrahlung spectrum"
"SHIN(1994)",1994,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,multislab","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 118,  91-102(1994)","Shin,K.,Hirayama,H.","A new approximating model for gamma-ray buildup factors of stratified shields"
"SHIN(1995)",1995,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,multislab","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 120,211-222(1995)","Shin,K.,Hirayama,H.","Approximation model for multilayer gamma-ray buildup factors by transmission matrix method: application to point isotropic source geometry"
"SHIN(1998)",1998,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,multislab","Journal","J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 35,  865-873(1998)","Shin,K.,Hirayama,H.","Description of multilayered gamma-ray exposure buildup factors up to 40 mfp by the approximating model"
"SHIRAGAI(1991)",1991,"4B06","Dosimetry,ion chamber,formulation","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,  633-642(1991)","Shiragai,A.","A formulation for high energy photon and electron beam dosimetry"
"SHIRAIWA(1966)",1996,"4C4","Theoretical formulas for fluorescent intensity(primary,secondary,tertiary)","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys.   5,  886-899(1966)","Shiraiwa,T.,Fujino,N.","Theoretical calculation of fluorescent x-ray intensities in fluorescent x-ray spectrochemical analysis"
"SHIRLEY(1995)",1995,"4D1","Fields of opportunity for electron spectroscopy","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  76,    1-7(1995)","Shirley,D.A.,Petersen,B.L.,Howels,M.R.","Electron spectroscopy into the twenty-first century (review)"
"SHIRLEY(2004)",2004,"4D1","XPS,overview of beginning years of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140,   43-58(2004)","Shirley,D.A.,Fadley,C.S.","X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in North America - the early years"
"SHIU(1991)",1991,"4B07","Interface dose due to electron beam at bone-tissue interface","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21,  695-702(1991)","Shiu,A.S.,Hogstrom,K.R.","Dose in bone and tissue near bone-tissue interface from electron beam"
"SHIU(1992)",1992,"4A1B","Electron beam experimental data for verification of dose algorithms","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  623-636(1992)","Shiu,A.S.,Tung,S.,Hogstrom,K.R.,Wong,J.W.,Gerber,R.L.,Harms,W.B.,Purdy,J.A.,Haken,R.K.T.,McShan,D.L.,Fraass,B.A.","Verification data for electron-beam dose algorithms"
"SHIZGAL(1991)",1991,"2E","Electron thermalization,F-P equations","Journal","Can. J. Phys. 69,712-719(1991)","Shizgal,B.,Demeio,L.","Comparison of WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) and SWKB solutions of Fokker-Planck equations with exact results: application to electron thermalization"
"SHMIDT(2002)",2002,"4C5","EBIC study of defect structure in GaN epilayers","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 14,13285-13290(2002)","Shmidt,N.M.,Soltanovich,O.A.,Usikov,A.S.,Yakimov,E.B.,Zavarin,E.E.","High-resolution electron-beam-induced-current study of the defect structure in GaN epilayers"
"SHORTT(1986)",1986,"4A1B","E-beam dose distributions at inhomogeneities","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 31,  235-249(1986)","Shortt,K.R.,Ross,C.K.,Bielajew,A.F.,Rogers,D.W.","Electron beam dose distributions near standard inhomogeneities"
"SHORTT(1992)",1992,"4A1A","Dosimetry standards (photons)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,1937-1955(1992)","Shortt,K.R.,Ross,C.K.,Schneider,M.,Hohlfeld,K.,Roos,M.,Perroche,A.M.","A comparison of absorbed dose standards for high-energy x-rays"
"SHORTT(1997)",1997,"4B09","Dosimeters (TLD's)","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  69,257-266(1997)","Shortt,K.R.,Ross,C.K.,Janovsky,I.","The response of LiF TLDs to Cs-137 and Co-60 gamma-rays"
"SHORTT(2002)",2002,"4B09","Spherical ionization chamber,effect of wall thickness","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,1721-1731(2002)","Shortt,K.R.,Bielajew,A.F.,Ross,C.K.,Stewart,K.J.,Burke,J.T.,Corsten,M.J.","The effect of wall thickness on the response of a spherical ionization chamber"
"SHUI(1991)",1991,"4A2","Pencil beam redefinition model","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,     7-18(1991)","Shui,A.S.,Hogstrom,K.R.","Pencil-beam redefinition algorithm for electron dose distributions"
"SICHANI(1999)",2004,"4A3A","MCNP simulation of photon beam fr Theratronics 780-C Co therapy unit","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,  807–818 (2004)","B. Teimouri Sichani, M Sohrabpour","Monte Carlo dose calculations for radiotherapy machines: Theratron 780-C teletherapy case study"
"SIDHU(2000)",2000,"4B01","Exposure build-up factors in biological samples","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,    53-68(2000)","Sidhu,G.S.,Singh,P.S.,Mudahar,G.S.","A study of energy and effective atomic number dependence of the exposure build-up factors in biological samples"
"SIEBER(2000)",2000,"4C4","Many uses of x-rays at 5 different laboratories at NIST","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 29,327-338(2000)","Sieber,J.R.","X-rays in research and development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology"
"SIEBERS(1995)",1995,"4E3","Air W value in 250 MeV proton beam","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,1339-1356(1995)","Siebers,J.V.,Vatnitsky,S.M.,Miller,D.W.,Moyers,M.F.","Deduction of the air W value in a therapeutic proton beam"
"SIEBERS(1999)",1999,"2H","M.C. based dose calculation algorithms","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,3009-3026(1999)","Siebers,J.V.,Keall,P.J.,Libby,B.,Mohan,R.","Comparison of EGS4 and MCNP4b Monte Carlo codes for generation of photon phase space distributions for a Varian 2100C"
"SIEBERS(2000)",2000,"4B06","Bragg-Gray cavity theory,conversion of dose to bone -> dose to water","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,  983-995(2000)","Siebers,J.V.,Keall,P.J.,Nahum,A.E.,Mohan,R.","Converting absorbed dose to medium to absorbed dose to water for Monte Carlo based photon beam dose calculations"
"SIEBERS(2001)",2001,"4A3A","IMRT optimization calculations,accuracy and speed issues","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  903-910(2001)","Siebers,J.V.,Tong,S.,Lauterbach;,M.,Wu,Q.,Mohan,R.","Acceleration of dose calculations for intensity-modulated radiotherapy"
"SIEGBAHN(2003)",2003,"2H","PENELOPE code,e-beam dosimetry,correction factors","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,1263-1275(2003)","Siegbahn,E.A.,Nilsson,B.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Andreo,P.","Calculations of electron fluence correction factors using the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE"
"SIEGBAHN(2005)",2005,"4A1C","Microbeam radiation therapy,dose deposition,calc with PENELOPE","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A548,  54-58(2005)","Siegbahn,E.A.,Brauer-Krisch,E.,Stepanek,J.,Blattmann,H.,Laissue,J.A.,Bravin,A.","Dosimetric studies of microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) with Monte Carlo simulations"
"SIEGEL(1980)",1980,"4C1","Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS),review article","Journal","Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 10,393-425(1980)","Siegel,R.W.","Positron annihilation spectroscopy"
"SILCOX(1998)",1998,"4E8A","EELS,atomic sized electron beam (review)","Journal","Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science 3,338-342(1998)","Silcox,J.","Core-loss EELS"
"SILVER(1994)",1994,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung,thick target spectrum","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,  577-579(1994)","Silver,M.D.","Target self-attenuation extension to the Desobry and Boyer thick-target bremsstrahlung spectrum"
"SILVER(1996)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,new type of ED x-ray detector,much better performance","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,115-122(1996)","Silver,E.,Legros,M.,Madden,N.,Beeman,J.,Haller,E.","High resolution, broad band microcalorimeters for x-ray microanalysis"
"SILVERMAN(1997)",1997,"4C7","Review,relative maturity of X-ray lithography,many devices made","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B15,2117-2124(1997)","Silverman,J.P.","X-ray lithography: Status, challenges, and outlook for 0.13 mm"
"SILVERMAN(1998)",1998,"4C7","Technology review:synchr sources,mask fabrication,hi res imaging,etc.","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B16,3137-3141(1998)","Silverman,J.P.","Challenges and progress in x-ray lithography"
"SIMMONS(1999)",1999,"4D1","XPS spectra resolved into surface,bulk components,self-modeling","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 100,197-210(2001)","Simmons,G.W.,Angst,D.L.,Klier,K.","A self-modeling approach to the resolution of XPS spectra into surface and bulk components"
"SIMMONS(2002)",2002,"4D1","Crystallinity dependent diffraction effects,XPS/AES electrons,graphite","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 127,  93-101(2002)","Simmons,","Crystallinity effects on primary beam and Auger electron signal intensities observed for graphite"
"SIMONS(1997)",1997,"4B04","Dose enhancement in a room Co60 source","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 44,2052-2057(1997)","Simons,M.,Pease,R.L.,Fleetwood,D.M.,Schwank,J.R.,Krzesniak,M.F.","Dose enhancement in a room cobalt-60 source"
"SIMONSEN(1997)",1997,"4D1","XPS,quantitative model of energy loss","Journal","Phys. Rev. B56,  1612-1619(1997)","Simonson,A.C.,Yubero,F.,Tougaard,S.","Quantitative model of electron energy loss in XPS"
"SIMONSEN(1999)",1999,"4D1","XPS,angle-resolved measurements of transition metals","Journal","Surf. Sci. 436,149-159(1999)","Simonsen,A.C.,Yubero,F.,Tougaard,S.","Analysis of angle-resolved electron energy loss in XPS spectra of Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Fe and Si"
"SIMPKIN(1989)",1989,"4B01","EGS4 calc of x-ray transmiss in Pb, concrete, gypsum, plate glass.","Journal","Health Phys. 56,151-164(1989)","Simpkin,D.J.","Shielding requirements for constant-potential diagnostic X-ray beams determined by a Monte Carlo calculation"
"SIMPKIN(1990)",1990,"4B03","Beta-ray dosimetry","Journal","Med. Phys. 17, 179-186(1990)","Simpkin,D.J.,Mackie,T.R.","EGS4 Monte-Carlo determination of the beta-dose kernel in water"
"SIMPKIN(1994)",1994,"4B01","3-param model,x-ray transmission for 25-35 kVp Mo, 50-150 kVp W","Journal","Health Phys. 68,705-709(1994)","Simpkin,D.J.","Transmission data for shielding diagnostic x-ray facilities"
"SIMSEK(1999)",1999,"1A","Fluorescence yields,L shell,7 elements","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,  91-93(1999)","Simsek,O.,Dogan,O.,Turgut,U.,Ertugrul,M.,Erdogan,H.","Measurement of L shell fluorescence yields of seven elements in the atomic number range 79<=Z<=92 using photoionization"
"SINCLAIR(1996)",1996,"4B06","Dosimetry,units","Journal","Health Phys. 70,781-786(1996)","Sinclair,W.K.","The present system of quantities and units for radiation protection"
"SINGH(1990)",1990,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence cross sections","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 19,155-158(1990)","Singh,S.,Rani,R.,Mehta,D.,Singh,N.l.,Mangal,P.C.,Trehan,P.N.","K x-ray fluorescence cross-section measurements of some elements in the energy range 8-47 keV"
"SINGH(1998)",1998,"3A","Angular dependence of backscattering from tungsten,3 & 5 keV","Journal","J. Phys. D 31,2221-2224(1998)","Singh,R.K.,Shanker,R.","The angular dependence of the backscattering coefficient for 3.0 and 5.0 keV electrons from tungsten"
"SITKO(2005)",2005,"4C4","Empirical coeffs for correction of matrix effects presented","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  11-18(2005)","Sitko,R.","Empirical coefficients models for x-ray fluorescence analysis of intermediate-thickness samples"
"SITKO(2006)",2006,"4D4","XRF,new algorithm corrects absorption,enhancement effects","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,  93-100(2006)","Sitko,R.","Theoretical influence coefficients for correction of matrix effects in x-ray fluorescence analysis of intermediate-thickness samples"
"SIUDA(1997)",1997,"4D1","Ang resolved XPS,depth profiling","Journal","Vacuum 48,  391-394(1997)","Siuda,R.","A procedure for non-destructive depth profiling of smooth profiles with ARXPS"
"SJOSTRAND(1995)",1995,"3A","Electron backscattering,ang distr","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  785-788(1995)","Sjostrand,N.G.","Angular distribution of elastically backscattered electrons"
"SKIFF(1988)",1988,"1B","K,L,M,N,O,P ioniz cross sections","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   25,  47-60(1988)","Skiff,W.M.,Carpenter,R.W.,lin.S.H.,Higgs,A.","K-ionization, L-ionization, M-ionization, N-ionization, O-ionization, and P-ionization cross-sections for electron energy loss spectroscopy"
"SKILLICORN(1982)",1982,"4C4","XRF spectrometry,x-ray tubes for","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 25,   49-57(1982)","Skillicorn,B.","X-ray tubes for energy dispersive XRF spectrometry"
"SKINNER(1995)",1995,"4D1","AES,applic to material processing,etc.","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 6,321-343(1995)","Skinner,D.K.","The role of Auger electron spectroscopy in the semiconductor industry"
"SLAUGHTER(1992)",1992,"4D1","AES,XPS,thin films","Journal","MRS Bulletin 17,39-45(1992)","Slaughter,J.M.,Weber,W.,Guntherodt,G.,Falco,C.M.","Quantitative Auger and XPS analysis of thin films"
"SLOMKA(2003)",2003,"4A5C","PET/CT,fully automated algorithm for automated 3D registration","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 44, 1156–1167 (2003)","Piotr J. Slomka, Damini Dey, Christian Przetak, Usaf E. Aladl, Richard P. Baum","Automated 3-dimensional registration of stand-alone 18F-FDG whole-body PET with CT"
"SLOMKA(2004)",2004,"4A5C","PET/CT,software fusion of images containing molecular,anatomic info","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 45,   36S–45S (2004)","Piotr J. Slomka","Software approach to merging molecular with anatomic information (review)"
"SMALL(1987)",1987,"4C3","EPMA,global relationship for brems intensities found","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 61,  459-469(1987)","Small,J.A.,Leigh,S.D.,Newbury,D.E.,Myklebust,R.L.","Modeling of the bremsstrahlung radiation produced in pure-element targets by 10-40 keV electrons"
"SMALL(1998A)",1998,"4C3","EPMA,energy-dispersive spectrometry,particles","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   4 (suppl. 2) pp 184-5(1998)","Small,J.A.,Armstrong,J.T., Bright,D.S.,Thorne,B.B.","The analysis of particles with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS)"
"SMALL(1998B)",1998,"4C3","EPMA from particles,low intensity peaks","Journal","Scanning 20,  92–98 (1998)","Small,J.A.","The detection of low-intensity peaks in energy dispersive x-ray spectra from particles"
"SMALL(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA of individual particles at low voltages","Journal","J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.107,555-566(2002)","Small,J.A.","The analysis of particles at low accelerating voltages (<=10 kV) with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS)"
"SMEKAL(2004A)",2004,"4D1","Effect of diffraction effects on electron spectra","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140, 183-187(2004)","Smekal,W.,Werner,W.S.M.,Fadley,C.S.,van Hove,M.A.","Surface sensitivity in electron spectroscopy: coherent versus incoherent scattering models"
"SMEKAL(2004B)",2004,"4D1","CO2 molecules,O,C 1s photoelectron satellites,internal inelastic scatt","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 137-140, 265-269(2004)","De Fanis,A.,Saito,N.,Okada,K.,Machida,M.,Koyano,I.,Cassmi,A.,Dorner,R.,Pavlychev,A.A.,Ueda,K.","Satellite excitations due to internal inelastic scattering in the K-shell photoemission from CO2"
"SMEKAL(2005)",2005,"4D1","NIST database for simulation of AES/XPS described (SESSA)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,1059-1067(2005)","Smekal,W.,Werner,W.S.M.Powell,C.J.","Simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis (SESSA): a novel software tool for quantitative Auger-electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"SMITH-A(2006)",2006,"4E6","Historical review of proton therapy","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R491-R504(2006)","Smith,A.R.","Proton therapy (review)"
"SMITH-D(1975)",1975,"4C3","EPMA,x-ray continuum,atomic number dependence","Journal","X-ray Spectrom.   4,149-156(1975)","Smith,D.G.W.,Gold,C.M.,Tomlinson,D.A.","The atomic number dependence of the x-ray continuum intensity and the practical calculation of background in energy dispersive electron microprobe analysis"
"SMITH-E(2006)",2006,"4D1","Quantitative x-ray photoelectron spectromicroscopy,Ge corrosion","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,    69-75(2006)","Smith,E.F.,Briggs,D.,Fairley,N.","Further developments in quantitative x-ray photoelectron spectromicroscopy: preliminary results from the study of germanium corrosion"
"SMITH-G(1989)",1989,"4D1","AES,effect on spectrum shape of orientations of sample,gun,spectrom","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 14,823-834(1989)","Smith,G.C,Seah,M.P.","Quantitative AES: Determination of the effects of the relative orientations of the sample, electron gun and spectrometer on the direct spectrum shape for the establishment of standard reference spectra"
"SMITH-G(1992)",1992,"4D1","XPS,angle-dependent,depth profiles","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 19,175-180(1992)","Smith,G.C.,Livesey,A.K.","Maximum entropy: a new approach to nondestructive deconvolution of depth profiles from angle-dependent XPS"
"SMITH-G(1995A)",1995,"4C3","EPMA,compositional depth profiles","Journal","J. Microsc. 178,  48-55(1995)","Smith,G.C.,Park,D.,Cochonneau,O.","Maximum entropy reconstruction of compositional depth profiles from electron probe microanalysis data"
"SMITH-G(1995B)",1995,"4D1","AES,XPS,quantit surface microanalysis","Journal","Materials Characterization 25,37-71(1995)","Smith,G.C.","Quantitative surface microanalysis by Auger and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"SMITH-G(2005)",2005,"4D1","Correction of XPS data for hydrocarbon contamination overlayer","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 148,  21-28 (2005)","Graham C. Smith","Evaluation of a simple correction for the hydrocarbon contamination layer in quantitative surface analysis by XPS"
"SMITH-H(1995)",1995,"4C7","Review:X-ray astronomy,microscopy,micro- and nano-lithography","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B13,2323-2328(1995)","Smith,H.I.","100 years of x rays: Impact on micro- and nanofabrication"
"SMITH-L(1997)",1997,"2B","ITS series codes,acceleration of","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 44,    36-41(1997)","Smith,L.M.,Hochstedler,R.D.","Accelerating execution of the integrated TIGER series Monte Carlo radiation transport codes"
"SMITH-M(1993)",1993,"4D1","AES,incident beam angular effects","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 7,  49-56(1993)","Smith,M.A.","Influence of primary electron beam angle of incidence on Auger electron spectra"
"SMOLAR(1990)",1990,"3A","Electron backsc,transm models","Journal","Vacuum 41,1718-1720(1990)","Smolar,V.","Electron backscattering and penetration in the small-angle and transport approximation model )"
"SMOLAR(1994)",1994,"2C","Electron transm, backsc models","Journal","Vacuum 45,  609-615(1994)","Smolar,V.","Backscattering and transmission for normal incidence of electrons in the small-angle and transport approximation"
"SMYTH(1986A)",1986,"2B","MC simulation,interface effects,errors in electron path steps used","Journal","Med. Phys. 13, 196-200(1986)","Smyth,V.G.","Interface effects in the Monte Carlo simulation of electron tracks"
"SMYTH(1986B)",1986,"2B","Interfaces,Monte Carlo calculations","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 31,  299-301(1986)","Smyth,V.G.,McEwan,A.C.","Interface artefacts in Monte Carlo calculations"
"SOARES(1998)",1998,"4B03","Calibration of catheter-based system,Sr-90/Y-90 spectrum","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  339-346(1998)","Soares,C.G.,Halpern,D.G.,Wang,C.-K.","Calibration and characterization of beta-particle sources for intravascular brachytherapy"
"SOGARD(1980A)",1980,"3A","Everhart theory,calculated energy spectra of backscat electr fr films","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 51,4412-4416(1980)","Sogard,M.R.","Backscattered electron energy spectra for thin films from an extension for the Everhart theory"
"SOGARD(1980B)",1980,"3A","Empirical fit to backscatter coeff as fun of Z,range,based on Everhart","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 51,4417-4425(1980)","Sogard,M.R.","An empirical study of electron backscattering from thin films"
"SOLIN(1996)",1996,"4B07","Dose enhancement calc.","Report","Lockheed internal report (1996)","Solin,J.R.","Simplified computation of bremsstrahlung dose enhancement"
"SOLIN(1998)",1998,"4B07","GEO total ionizing dose revised to account for bremsstrahlung dose","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 45,2964-2971(1998)","Solin,J.R.","The GEO total ionizing dose"
"SOLIN(2000)",2000,"4B07","High Z materials enhance electron collision and bremss doses in SiO2","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 47,2447-2450(2000)","Solin,J.R.","Electron collision dose enhancement"
"SOLOMON(2001)",2001,"4C6","Hybrid MC,two-stream model,coupled electrons,protons,hydrogen","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.106, A  1,  107-116(2001)","Solomon,S.C.","Auroral particle transport using Monte Carlo and hybrid methods"
"SOLOMON(2005)",2005,"4A6","1 eV DNA damage studied using microarray technology","Journal","Eur. Phys. J. D, 35,437-441(2005)","Solomon,T.,Hultschig,C.,Illenberger,E.","Microarray technology for the study of DNA damage by low-energy electrons"
"SONNABEND(2002)",2002,"4A5C","Simplified positron emission tomograph (PET),uses Bi4Ge3O12","Journal","Am. J. Phys. 70,929-934(2002)","Sonnabend,K.,Bayer,W.,Mohr,P.,Zilges,A.","A simple experimental setup to demonstrate the basics of positron emission tomography"
"SONTAG(1978)",1978,"4B06","Dose calculations","Journal","Radiology 129,787-794(1978)","Sontag,M.R.,Cunningham,J.R.","Equivalent tissue-air ratio method for making absorbed dose calculations in a heterogeneous medium"
"SOOD(2004)",2004,"4B10","Detector response functions,NaI,Ge,Si(Li),MC approach","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,100-104(2004)","Sood,A.,Gardner,R.P.","A new Monte Carlo assisted approach to detector response functions"
"SOOLE(1976)",1976,"4C2","X-ray spectrum determination","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 21,  369-389(1976)","Soole,B.W.","A method of x-ray attenuation analysis for approximating the intensity distribution at its point of origin of bremsstrahlung excited in a thick target by incident electrons of constant medium energy"
"SOOLE(1977)",1977,"4C2","X-ray spectrum determination","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 22,  187-207(1977)","Soole,B.W.","A determination by an analysis of x-ray attenuation in aluminium of the intensity distribution at its point of origin in a thick tungsten target of bremsstrahlung excited by constant potentials of 60-140 kV"
"SORCINI(1994)",1994,"1C","Energy-range relationship,accurate","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 39,  795-811(1994)","Sorcini,B.B.,Brahme,A.","An accurate energy-range relationship for high-energy electron beams in arbitrary materials"
"SORCINI(1995)",1995,"1C","Energy-range relationship,improved","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 40,1135-1159(1995)","Sorcini,B.B.,Andreo,P.,Bielajew,A.F.,Hyodynmaa,S.,Brahme,A.","An improved energy-range relationship for high-energy electron beams based on multiple accurate experimental and Monte Carlo data sets"
"SORCINI(1996)",1996,"4B06","Dosimetry,role of bremsstrahlung","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,2657-2677(1996)","Sorcini,B.B.,Hyodynmaa,S.,Brahme,A.","The role of phantom and treatment head bremsstrahlung in high-energy electron beam dosimetry"
"SORCINI(1997)",1997,"4B06","E-beam dosimetry,contamination eff","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 42,1849-1873(1997)","Sorcini,B.B.,Hyodynmaa,S.,Brahme,A.","Quantification of mean energy and photon contamination for accurate dosimetry for high-energy electron beams"
"SOUM(1985)",1985,"3B","Electron transm, backsc,high energy","Journal","Revue de Phys. Appl. 20,  823-829(1985)","Soum,G.,Ahmed,H.,Pinna,H.,Verdier,P.","Transmission and backscattering of very-high-energy electrons: Experimental apparatus and analytical models (in French)"
"SOUM(1987)",1987,"3B","Electron transm,backsc .5-3.0 MeV","Journal","Revue de Phys. Appl. 22,1189-1209(1987)","Soum,G.,Mousselli,A.,Arnal,F.,Verdier,P.","Study of the transmission and backscattering of electrons in the energy-range 0.5-3.0 MeV under multiple-scattering conditions (in French)"
"SOWA(2005)",2005,"4E4","Target cells can be selectively exposed to diff parts of electron tracks","Journal","Radiat. Res. 164,695-700(2005)","Sowa,M.B.,Murphy,M.K.,Miller,J.H.,McDonald,J.C.,Strom,D.J.,Kimmel,G.A.","A variable-energy electron microbeam: a unique modality for targeted low-LET radiation"
"SPARKS(2002)",2002,"4A5A","Possibility of large absorbed doses to tissues next to tissues","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 43,1110-1114(2002)","Richard B. Sparks, Eric A. Crowe; Franklin C. Wong, Richard E. Toohey, Jeffry A. Siegel","Radiation dose distributions in normal tissue adjacent to tumors containing 131I or 90Y: The potential for toxicity"
"SPELLER(1991)",1991,"4A6","Photon scattering effects listed; beneficial as well as a problem?","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,     1-6(1991)","Speller,R.D.,Horrocks,J.A.","Photon scattering a 'new' source of information in medicine and biology"
"SPENCER(1953)",1953,"2G","Penetration, diffusion of hard X-rays,polarization effects","Journal","Phys. Rev.   90,  510-514(1953)","Spencer,L.V.,Wolff,C.","Penetration and diffusion of hard X-rays: Polarization effects"
"SPENCER(1954)",1954,"4E2","Electron slowing down equation","Journal","Phys. Rev.   93,1172-1181(1954)","Spencer,L.V.,Fano,U.","Energy spectrum resulting from electron slowing down"
"SPENCER(1955A)",1955,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation","Journal","Phys. Rev.   98,1597-1615(1955)","Spencer,L.V.","Theory of electron penetration"
"SPENCER(1955B)",1955,"4B06","Seminal cavity theory paper","Journal","Radiat. Res.    3,239-254(1955)","Spencer,L.V.,Attix,F.H.","A theory of cavity ionization"
"SPENCER(1959)",1959,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation,method of moments calcs of energy deposition","Report","NBS Monograph 1,National Bureau of Standards,1959 (70 pages)","Spencer,L.V.","Energy dissipation by fast electrons"
"SPENCER(1962)",1962,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation,Laplace transform approach","Journal","Phys. Rev. 128,2230-2237(1962)","Spencer,L.V.,Coyne,J.","Theory of the deep penetration of electrons and charged particles"
"SPENCER(1984)",1984,"2C","Ionization,excitation yields","Journal","Radiat. Res.  97,219-236(1984)","Spencer,L.V.","On the theory of ionization and excitation yields"
"SPENCER(1991)",1991,"2B","Electron penetration,Monte Carlo","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 943-951(1991)","Spencer,L.V.","Notes on electron penetration"
"SPOLNIK(2004)",2004,"4C3","Single aerosol particle analyzed by grazing-exit EPMA","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,  16-20(2004)","Spolnik,Z.,Tsuji,K.,Van Grieken,R.","Grazing-exit electron probe x-ray microanalysis of light elements in particles"
"SPURNY(2001)",2001,"4B01","Radiation exposure during space flights and high altitudes","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 61,  301-307(2001)","Spurny,F.","Radiation doses at high altitudes and during space flights"
"SRDOC(1996)",1996,"4E4","Microdosimetry,neutrons","Journal","Radiat. Res. 145,466-474(1996)","Srdoc,D.,Marino,S.A.","Microdosimetry of monoenergetic neutrons"
"SRIVASTAVA(1989)",1989,"1B","Elastic scattering,Si,1-1000 eV","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 65,  908-913(1989)","Srivastava,R.,Williamson,W.","Differential and total cross sections for the elastic scattering of 1-1000 eV electrons from silicon using the optical model"
"STABIN(1994)",1994,"4A5A","Bremsstrahlung radiation from betas->absorbed dose may be important","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 35,1377-1380(1994)","Michael G. Stabin, Keith F. Eckerman, Jeffrey C. Ryman, Lawrence E. Williams","Bremsstrahlung radiation dose in Yttrium-90 therapy applications"
"STABIN(1996)",1996,"4A5A","PC software for calculation of internal dose estimates","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 37,  538-546 (1996)","Michael G. Stabin","MIRDOSE: Personal computer software for internal dose assessment in nuclear medicine"
"STABIN(1999)",1999,"4B03","Radiation dose to organs from radionuclides,calc. methods","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 50,   73-87(1999)","Stabin,M.G.,Tagesson,M.,Thomas,S.R.,Ljungberg,M.,Strand,S.E.","Radiation dosimetry in nuclear medicine (review)"
"STABIN(2000)",2000,"4A5A","Absorbed fractions re-evaluated using EGS4 and MCNP4B","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 41,  149-160(2000)","Michael G. Stabin,Mark W. Komjnenberg","Re-evaluation of absorbed fractions for photons and electrons in spheres of various sizes"
"STABIN(2005A)",2005,"4A5A","OLINDA/EXM replaces MIRDOSE3.1 for internal dose calculations","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,1023-1027(2005)","Michael G. Stabin, Richard B. Sparks, Eric Crowe,","OLINDA/EXM: The second-generation personal computer software for internal dose assessment in nuclear medicine"
"STABIN(2005B)",2005,"4A5A","2004 progress in detector development,reconstruction technology","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,   16N,19N-20N,22N(2005)","Michael G. Stabin","Physics applications in nuclear medicine: Progress on many fronts (review)"
"STABIN(2006A)",2006,"4A5A","2005 progress in Nuclear Medicine technology","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 47,   22N,24N,26N-27N(2006)","Michael G. Stabin","Physics Applications in Nuclear Medicine: Organization and Progress"
"STABIN(2006B)",2006,"4B03","Internal dosimetry,nuclear medicine,microdosimetry,biological effects","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R187-R202(2006)","Smith,A.R.","Nuclear medicine dosimetry (review)"
"STABIN(2007)",2007,"4A5A","2006 progress in Nuclear Medicine technology","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 48,   35N-38N(2007)","Michael G. Stabin","Physics Applications in Nuclear Medicine: Carpe Photon"
"STADNES(1997)",1997,"4C6","X-ray imaging of the aurora (review)","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 20,1043-1054(1997)","Stadnes,J.,Aarsnes,K.,Bjordal,J.","X-ray imaging of the aurora"
"STANTON(1979)",1979,"4C2","X-ray spectrum computation","Journal","Radiology 130,477-484(1979)","Stanton,L.,Day,J.L.,Lightfoot,D.A.,Villafana,T.,Rauch,P.L..","Rapid computation of diagnostic x-ray bremsstrahlung spectra"
"STAPOR(1988)",1988,"4E5","ion track radial energy distribution (delta rays)","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 64,4430-4434(1988)","Stapor,W.J.,McDonald,P.T","Practical approach to ion track energy distribution"
"STARK(1970)",1970,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation,spherical harmonics expansion","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 41,  809-810(1970)","Stark,J.P.","Electron penetration of infinite media"
"STARKSCHALL(1991)",1991,"4A2","3D pencil beam algorithm,heterogeneity corrections","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 36,  207-227(1991)","Starkschall,G.,Shiu,A.S.,Bujnowshi,S.W.,Wang,L.L.,Low,D.A.,Hogstrom,K.R.","Effect of dimensionality of heterogeneity corrections on the implementation of a three-dimensional electron pencil-beam algorithm"
"STARY(1996)",1996,"2B","Monte Carlo,elastic scatt model,check","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,559-572(1996)","Stary,V.","The check of the elastic scattering model in Monte Carlo simulation"
"STARY(1998)",1998,"2B","Monte Carlo,inelastic scattering model","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,341-349(1998)","Stary,V.","Assessment of the inelastic model in Monte-Carlo simulations"
"STARY(1999)",1999,"3A","MC,inelast scat model,backscat coeff,elastic reflection,0.2-5 keV","Journal","J. Phys. D 32,1811-1818(1999)","Stary,V.","Fitting a simple model of inelastic scattering in Monte Carlo code to experimental data"
"STARY(2003)",2003,"4C2","Monte Carlo calc,e-beam interaction volume,x-ray prod depth","Journal","Thin Solid Films 433,326-331(2003)","Stary,V.","Monte Carlo simulation of electron interaction with a thin film"
"STATHAKIS(2005)",2005,"4A3B","IMRT causes increased leakage radiation,shielding considerations","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,  448-454(2005)","Stathakis,S.,Prince,R.Jr.,Ma,C.-M.","Dosimetry validation of treatment room shielding design"
"STATHAM(1979)",1979,"4C3","EPMA,ZAF corrections","Book","""Microbeam Analysis - 1979"", Newbury,D.E.,edit,pp 247-253","Statham,P.J.","A ZAF procedure for microprobe analysis based on measurement of peak-to-background ratios"
"STATHAM(1981)",1981,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,Si detectors","Journal","J. Microsc. 123,  1-23(1981)","Statham,P.J.","X-ray microanalysis with Si(Li) detectors"
"STATHAM(1998)",1998,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis instrumentation (review)","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,    1-9(1998)","Statham,P.J.","Recent developments in instrumentation for x-ray microanalysis"
"STAUB(1994)",1994,"3A","Analytic models for elect backscattering coeff & energy distribution","Journal","J. Phys. D 27,1533-1537(1994)","Staub,P.F.","Bulk target backscattering coefficient and energy-distribution of 0.5-100 keV electrons: an empirical and synthetic study"
"STAUB(1995)",1995,"3B","Electron transmission energy distribution,empirical expression","Journal","J. Phys. D 28,  252-257(1995)","Staub,P.F.","The energy distribution of an electron beam transmitted through a solid film: a search for an empirically founded analytic expression"
"STAUB(1998A)",1998,"4C3","Microprobe analysis program","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,  43-57(1998)","Staub,P.F.","IntriX: a numerical model for electron probe analysis at high depth resolution. Part 1 - Theoretical Description"
"STAUB(1998B)",1998,"4C3","Microprobe analysis program","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,  58-66(1998)","Staub,P.F.,Jonnard,P.,Vergand,F.,Thirion,J.,Bonnelle,C.","IntriX: a numerical model for electron probe analysis at high depth resolution. Part II - Tests and confrontation with experiments"
"STEFANI(2004)",2004,"4D1","Review,Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS)","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 141,149-159(2004)","Stefani,G.,Gotter,R.Ruocco,A.,Offi,F.,Da Pieve,F.,Iacobucci,S., Morgante,A.,Verdini,A.,Liscio,A.,Yao,H.,Bartynski,R.A.","Photoelectron-Auger electron coincidence study for condensed matter (review)"
"STEIN(1981)",1981,"4D1","AES,basics,fracture,diffusion,corrosion,lateral resolution,data acq","Journal","Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 11,485-504(1981)","Stein,D.F.","Auger spectroscopy (review)"
"STEPANEK(2003)",2003,"1B","Elastic scattering cross sections, electrons,positrons","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 66,    99-116(2003)","Stepanek,J.","Electron and positron atomic elastic scattering cross sections"
"STEPANOVA(2001)",2001,"4C6","aurora, global observations of x-rays from,PIXIE","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 28,1581-1586(2001)","Stepanov,M.,Luizar,O.,Bosqued,J.M.,Antonova,E.E.,Kovrazhkin,R.A.","Spatial distribution of the auroral electron precipitations and the sources of field-aligned currents"
"STEVENS-KALCEFF(2007)",2007,"4B11","Charge trapping in dielectrics,Kelvin Probe Microscopy (KPM) used","Journal","Microscopy Research and Technique 70:195–204 (2007)","Stevens-Kalceff,M.A.,Levick,K.J.","The assessment of microscopic charging effects Induced by focused electron and ion beam irradiation of dielectrics"
"STEVENSON(2001)",2001,"4B01","Shielding,point source,line-of-sight models,proton & electron accelers","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  96,359-371(2001)","Stevenson,G.R.","Shielding high energy accelerators"
"STEWART(2002)",2002,"4E4","Microdosimetry,water, PENELOPE code","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,    79-88(2002)","Stewart,R.D.,Wilson,W.E.,McDonald,J.C.,Strom,D.J.","Microdosimetry properties of ionizing electrons in water: a test of the PENELOPE code system"
"STEYN(1967)",1967,"4B02","Photon backscattering","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  27,318-327(1967)","Steyn,J.J.,Andrews,D.G.","Experimental differential number, energy and exposure albedos for semi-infinite media, for normally incident gamma photons"
"STOEV(1997)",1997,"4C4","Grazing incidence x-ray reflectormetry (some TXRF)","Journal","Rigaku Journal 14-2,22-37(1997)","Stoev,K.,Sakurai,K.","Recent theoretical models in grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry"
"STONE(2005)",2005,"1B","Electron-impact ionization formulas,method of calculation given","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  966-968(2005)","Stone,P.M.,Kim,Y.-K.","An overview of the BEB method for electron-impact ionization of atoms and molecules"
"STORCHI(1985)",1985,"4A2","Pencil beam model","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 30,  467-473(1985)","Storchi,P.R.M.,Huizenga,H.","On a numerical approach of the pencil beam model"
"STORCHI(1989)",1989,"4A2","Pencil beam model","Journal","J. Comp. Phys.  85,417-433(1989)","Storchi,P.,Vanderlinden,R.J.","A numerical method for the calculation of the diffusion of high-energy electrons in a heterogeneous medium"
"STORM(1972)",1972,"4C2","X-ray line intensity calculation, W","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 43,2790-2795(1972)","Storm,E.","Emission of characteristic L and K radiation from thick tungsten targets"
"STOVALL(1995)",1995,"4B03","Brachytherapy,physics contribution (brief history)","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1907-1909(1995)","Stovall,M.,Shalek,R.J.","Physics contribution to radiology in brachytherapy"
"STRAUSS(1991)",1991,"4A5C","Value of PET in clinical oncology demonstrated for variety of cancers","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 32,  623-648 (1997)","Ludwig G. Strauss,Peter S. Conti","The applications of PET in clinical oncology (review)"
"STRAUSS(1997)",1997,"4A5C","PET review,FDG tracer,cross-secional imaging methods,etc.","Journal","The Oncologist 2,381-388(1997)","Strauss,L.G.","Positron emission tomography: Current role for diagnosis and therapy monitoring in oncology"
"STRICKLAND(1976)",1976,"2C","Transport equation,matrix-eigenvalue soln","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.  81,2755-2764(1976)","Strickland,D.J.,Book,D.L.,Coffey,T.P.,Fedder,J.A.","Transport equation techniques for the deposition of auroral electrons"
"STRICKLAND(1977)",1977,"4B08","X-ray photoemis,transport eqn soln","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 24,2499-2504(1977)","Strickland,D.J.","Soft x-ray photoemission"
"STRICKLAND(1978A)",1978,"4B08","X-ray photoem,Boltz. transport eqn soln","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 25,1571-1576(1978)","Strickland,D.J.,Lin,D.L.","The photoemission spectrum for an exploding wire radiator source incident on Al and Au"
"STRICKLAND(1978B)",1978,"4B08","X-ray photoem,SXRP calcs,charge depos","Report","RADC-TR-78-183(August 1978)(100 pages)","Strickland,D.J.,Lin,D.L.,Pine,V.W.,Chadsey,W.L.","Soft x-ray photoemission and charge deposition near material interfaces"
"STRICKLAND(1979)",1979,"4B08","X-ray photoem,SXRP code calcs","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 26,4879-4884(1979)","Strickland,D.J.,Lin,D.L.","Electron transport properties for soft electron sources incident on conducting and insulating materials"
"STRICKLAND(1993)",1993,"4C6","transport theory; electron-proton-hydrogen aurora","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.  98,21533-21548(1993)","Strickland,D.J.,Daniell,R.E.,Jr.,Jasperse,J.R.,Basu,B.","Transport-theoretic model for the electron-proton-hydrogen atom aurora  2. Model results"
"STRITT(1996)",1996,"4B05","Tantalum/graphic bremss source spectrum measured,calc by MC","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B113,150-153(1996)","Stritt,N.,Bertschy,M.,Jolie,J.,Mondelaers,W.","Direct measurement and Monte Carlo simulation of a bremsstrahlung source created by 10 MeV electrons"
"STRUDER(1999)",1999,"4B10","Silicon drift detectors,EPMA application,high count rate","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   4, 622-631(1999)","Struder,L.,Meidinger,N.,Stoter,D.,Kemmer,J.,Lechner,P.,Leutenegger,P.,Soltau,H.,Eggert,F.,Rohde,M.Schulein,T.","High resolution x-ray spectroscopy close to room temperature"
"STRYDOM(1991)",1991,"4A1B","Central axis depth dose curve","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,1254-1255(1991)","Strydom,W.J.","Central axis depth dose curve for electron beams"
"SU(1992)",1992,"4E8A","EELS,angle-resolved,deconvolution,Al","Journal","Phil. Mag. A65,1127-1140(1992)","Su,D.S.,Schattschneider,P.","Deconvolution of angle-resolved electron energy loss spectra"
"SU(1995)",1995,"4E8A","EELS,elemental analysis, plural scattering effects","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   59,181-190(1995)","Su,D.S.,Wang,H.F.,Zeitler,E.","The influence of plural scattering on EELS elemental analysis"
"SU(1997)",1997,"4A2","Pencil beam model","Journal","Annals Nucl. Energy 24,1349-1371(1997)","Su,B.,Pomraning,G.C.","A spatial and angular moments analysis of the monoenergetic pencil beam problem"
"SUBBAIAH(1982)",1982,"4B02","Photon transp:fluor,brems & annih effs","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  81,172-195(1982)","Subbaiah,K.V.,Natarajan,A.,Gopinath,D.V.,Trubey,D.K.","Effect of fluorescence, bremsstrahlung, and annihilation radiation on the spectra and energy deposition of gamma rays in bulk media"
"SUBBAIAH(1987)",1987,"4B02","Photon transport,fluorescent effects","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  96,330-342(1987)","Subbaiah,K.V.,Natarajan,A.","Effect of fluorescence in deep penetration of gamma rays"
"SUBBAIAH(1989)",1989,"4B02","Photon transport,coh scatt","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 101,352-370(1989)","Subbaiah,K.V.,Natarajan,A.,Gopinath,D.V.","Impact of coherent scattering on the spectra and energy deposition of gamma rays in bulk media"
"SUGA(2000)",2000,"4A5B","SPECT/CT, studied body contour definition w Compton scatter photons","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 14, 271-277 (2000)","Suga, K., Matsunaga, N., Kawakami, Y.,Furukawa, M.","Phantom study of fusion image of CT and SPECT with body-contour generated from external Compton scatter sources"
"SUGITA(2002)",2002,"4C6","Energy deposition in air calc with EGS4 code including electric fields","Conference","Proceedings of the Tenth EGS4 User's meeting in Japan, KEK Proceedings 2002-18,95-99","Sugita,T.,Torri,T.","Transport calculation of low energy electron under the strong electric field of thunderclouds"
"SUGIYAMA(1976)",1976,"1C","Energy loss and range of electrons below 10 keV","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 15,1779-1783(1976)","Sugiyama,H.","Energy loss and range of electrons below 10 keV"
"SUGIYAMA(1985)",1985,"1B","""Accurate"" stopping power formula,10 eV-10 keV","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 30,  331-335(1985)","Sugiyama,H.","Stopping power formula for intermediate energy electrons"
"SUIT(2002)",2002,"4A1C","Reviews current limits on effectiveness of radiotherapy,technical factors","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53,  798-809(2002)","Suit,H.","The Gray Lecture 2001: Coming technological advances in radiation oncology"
"SUMMERS(1991)",1991,"4E7","Energy deposition by non-ionizing energy loss is similar to dose","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 24,   1-8(1991)","Summers,G.P.,Burke,E.A.,Xapsos,M.A.","Displacement damage analogs to ionizing radiation effects"
"SUNDARARAMAN(1973)",1973,"4C2","X-ray tube spectra computed by Monte Carlo,compared w/experiment","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 18,  208-218(1973)","Sundararaman,V.,Pradad,M.A.,Vora,R.B.","Computed spectra from diagnostic and therapeutic x-ray tubes"
"SUNDARARAMAN(1980)",1980,"4B01","Gamma ray transm,bremsstrahl contrib","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 171,561-565(1980)","Sundararaman,V.","Effect of bremsstrahlung on scattered gamma ray spectra"
"SURESHBABU(2005)",2005,"4A5C","PET/CT,CT-based atten correction can induce artifacts,quantitve errors","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 33,156-161(2005)","Waheeda Sureshbabu, Osama Mawlawi","PET/CT imaging artifacts"
"SURF-SCI(1994)",1994,"4D1","Surface science,review articles on","Journal","Surf. Sci. 299/300(1994)","None","Foundations of surface science (table of contents)"
"SURKO(2005)",2002,"4C1","Review of low-energy positron interactions with atoms and molecules","Journal","J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38,  R57-R126(2005)","Surko,C.M.,Gribakin,G.F.,Buckman,S.J.","Low-energy positron interactions with atoms and molecules (review)"
"SUZUKI(1996)",1996,"4D1","AES,electron atten length measurement","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 101, 51-55(1996)","Suzuki,M.,Mogi,K.,Takenaka,H.","Auger electron spectroscopy measurement of electron attenuation lengths using multilayer systems"
"SUZUKI(2002)",2002,"1A","Photoabsorption cross-sect for Kr, 90-1300 eV,used synchrotron radiat","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 123,230-245(2002)","Suzuki,I.H.,Saito,N.","Photoabsorption cross-section for Kr in the sub-keV energy region"
"SVENSSON(1967)",1967,"4A1","E-beams,collimators,dose distr effect","Journal","Acta Rad Ther Phy Biol   6,404-$(1967)","Svensson,H.,Hettinger,G.","Influence of collimating systems on dose distribution from 10-35 MeV electron radiation"
"SVENSSON(1971A)",1971,"4A1B","Absorbed dose determinations in 10 to 35 MeV electron radiation","Journal","Acta Rad Ther Phy Biol 10,  56-64(1971)","Svensson,H.,Hettinger,G.,Frost,D.,Pohlit,W.","Intercomparisons of absorbed dose determinations in 10 to 35 MeV electron radiation"
"SVENSSON(1971B)",1967,"4A1B","Scattering foils,collimators,dose distr effect,10-35 MeV e-beams","Journal","Acta Rad Ther Phy Biol 10,443-453(1971)","Svensson,H.","Influence of scattering foils, transmission monitors and collimating system on the absorbed dose distribution from 10 to 35 MeV electron radiation"
"SWENBERG(1994)",1994,"4E5","Separation of DNA energy deposition,biological action sites studied","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 14, 181-201(1994)","Swenberg,C.E.,Myers,Jr.,L.S.,Miller,J.H.","Energy and charge localization in irradiated DNA"
"SYNNES(1998)",1998,"4C6","Proton aurora,MC simulations,hydrogen emissions","Journal","J. Atm. Solar-Terrestrial Physics 60,1695-1705(1998)","Synnes,S.A.,Soraas,F.,Hansen,J.P.","Monte-Carlo simulations of proton aurora"
"SZALOKI(1996)",1996,"1A","Fit to Hubbell's tabulated data,atom. form factor,incoher scatt functions","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,  21-28(1996)","Szaloki,I.","Empirical equations for atomic form factor and incoherent scattering functions"
"SZALOKI(2000A)",2000,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (reviews 1998-99; EPMA,WD-XRF,ED-XRF,etc.)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 72,  211R-233R(2000)","Szaloki,I.,Torok,S.B.,Ro,C.-H,Injuk,J.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"SZALOKI(2000B)",2000,"4C4","EPMA,aerosol particles,reverse Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 55B,1017-1030(2000)","Szaloki,I.,Osan,J.,Ro,C.-U.,Van Grieken,R.","Quantitative characterization of individual aerosol particles by thin-window electron probe microanalysis combined with iterative simulation"
"SZALOKI(2002)",2002,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (reviews 1999-2001; EPMA,WD-XRF,ED-XRF,etc.)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 74, 2895-2918(2002)","Szaloki,I.,Torok,S.B.,Injuk,J.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"SZALOKI(2004)",2004,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (reviews 2002-2003; EPMA,WD-XRF,ED-XRF,etc.)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 76, 3445-3470(2004)","Szaloki,I.,Torok,S.B.,Injuk,J.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"SZALOKI(2006)",2006,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (reviews 2004-2005; EPMA,WD-XRF,ED-XRF,etc.)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 78, 4069-4096(2006)","Szaloki,I.,Osan,J.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"SZYMANOWSKI(2001)",2001,"4E6","Proton pencil beam algorithm,parameters,determination & verification","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  975-987(2001)","Szymanowshi,H.,Mazai,A.,Nauraye,C.,Biensan,S.,Ferrand,R.,Murillo,M.C.,Caneva,S.,Gaboriaud,G.,Rosenwald,J.C.","Experimental determination and verification of the parameters used in a proton pencil beam algorithm"
"SZYMANOWSKI(2002)",2002,"4B06","Proton dose algorithm,2-D,heterogeneous media","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,3313-3330(2002)","Szymanowski,H.,Oelfke,U.","Two-dimensional pencil beam scaling: an improved proton dose algorithm for heterogeneous media"
"TABATA(1967)",1967,"3A","Electron backscattering,3.2-14 MeV","Journal","Phys. Rev. 162, 336-347(1967)","Tabata,T.","Backscattering of electrons from 3.2 to 14 MeV"
"TABATA(1968)",1968,"1C","Electron range (mean projected)","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 39,5342-5343(1968)","Tabata,T.","A simple calculation for mean projected range of fast electrons"
"TABATA(1969)",1969,"1C","Electron range (maximum)","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys.   8,  393-398(1969)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Okabe,S.","On the experimental determination of the maximum range of monoenergetic electrons"
"TABATA(1971A)",1971,"1C","Electron range (extrapol & projected)","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 42,3361-3366(1971)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Okabe,S.,Fujita,Y.","Extrapolated and projected ranges of 4- to 24-MeV electrons in elemental materials"
"TABATA(1971B)",1971,"3D","Charge deposition","Journal","Phys. Rev. B  3, 572-583(1971)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Okabe,S.,Fujita,Y.","Charge distribution produced by 4- to 24-MeV electrons in elemental materials"
"TABATA(1971C)",1971,"3B","Electron range (straggling)","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 10,1503-1508(1971)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Okabe,S.,Fujita,Y.","Projected-range straggling of 4- to 24-MeV electrons in elemental materials"
"TABATA(1971D)",1971,"3A","Electron backscattering,empirical eqn","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth.   94,509-513(1971)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Okabe,S.","An empirical equation for the backscattering coefficient of electrons"
"TABATA(1972A)",1972,"3A","Electron backscat,energy loss fraction","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11,1220(1972)","Tabata,T.","An empirical equation for the average energy-loss fraction of backscattered electrons.  II."
"TABATA(1972B)",1972,"1C","Electron range,extrapolated(semiemp eqns)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 103,  85-91(1972)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Okabe,S","Generalized semiempirical equations for the extrapolated range of electrons"
"TABATA(1972C)",1972,"3C","Electron energy deposition","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  49,505-506(1972)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Okabe,S.","A fitting function for energy dissipation curves of fast electrons"
"TABATA(1972D)",1972,"3A","Electron backscat,interpol procedure","Journal","An Rept Osaka Pr  13,59-64(1972)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Okabe,S.","An interpolation procedure for energy dissipation curves of fast electrons"
"TABATA(1974)",1974,"3C","Electron energy deposition","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  53,226-239(1974)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","An algorithm for the energy deposition by fast electrons"
"TABATA(1975A)",1975,"3C","Electron energy deposition","Journal","Int J Appl Radiat Isot 26,411-415(1975)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","Parametric representation of the energy deposition by fast electrons under oblique incidence"
"TABATA(1975B)",1975,"3B","Electron transmission,empir eqn","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 127,429-434(1975)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","A generalized empirical equation for the transmission coefficient of electrons"
"TABATA(1976A)",1976,"3B","Electron transmission,obliq incid,eqn","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 136,533-536(1976)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","An empirical relation for the transmission coefficient of electrons under oblique incidence"
"TABATA(1976B)",1976,"1C","Electron scattering,multiple,Moliere","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 15,1583-1584(1976)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","An improved interpolation formula for the parameter B in Moliere's theory of multiple scattering"
"TABATA(1977)",1977,"1B","Electron energy loss (radiative)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 146,435-436(1977)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","Interpolation formulas for quantities related to radiative energy-loss of electrons"
"TABATA(1978)",1978,"1B","Electron scattering,elastic","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  65,414-415(1978)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","Approximation to cos(gamma) appearing in the formula for the Coulomb scattering of relativistic electrons"
"TABATA(1979A)",1979,"1C","Electron energy straggling","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 158,521-523(1979)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","Approximations to Landau's distribution functions for the ionization energy loss of fast electrons"
"TABATA(1979B)",1979,"3A","Electron backscattering,empirical eqns","Journal","An Rept Osaka Pr  20,87-90(1979)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","Empirical and approximate expressions related to back- and multiple scatterings of fast electrons"
"TABATA(1981)",1981,"3C","Depth-dose algorithm,multilayers","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 20, 249-258(1981)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","An algorithm for electron depth-dose distributions in multilayer slab absorbers"
"TABATA(1983)",1983,"0A","Review of works on electron penetration","Journal","Acta Radiol Suppl 364, 21-24(1983)","Tabata,T.","Review of the work at the Radiation Center of Osaka Prefecture on the passage of electrons through matter"
"TABATA(1989)",1989,"4A4","E-beam processing dose,EDMULT calc","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 33,  411-416(1989)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Tsukui,S.","Simple method of evaluating absorbed dose in electron-beam processing"
"TABATA(1990)",1990,"3C","E-beam processing,dose-depth algor","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 35,  821-825(1990)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.,Tsukui,S.","Semiempirical algorithms for dose evaluation in electron-beam processing"
"TABATA(1991A)",1991,"3C","Energy deposition functions","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  58,205-210(1991)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Ito,R.","Analytic fits to Monte-Carlo calculated depth dose curves of 1-MeV to 50-MeV electrons in water"
"TABATA(1991B)",1991,"3C","EDMULT,improved backscattering algor","Journal","Proc. Rad Tech Asia'93,528-533 (Apr 1991)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","Electron-beam backscattering at media interfaces and a depth-dose algorithm"
"TABATA(1992)",1992,"3A","Electron-backscatter factor (ioniz chambers),formula in EDMULT","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,1423-1426(1992)","Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","Simple calculation of the electron-backscatter factor"
"TABATA(1993A)",1993,"3C","Depth-dose,semiempirical models (review)","Journal","Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect. 41,103-118(1993)","Tabata,T.","Semiempirical models for depth-dose curves of electrons in matter: an introductory review"
"TABATA(1993B)",1993,"3C","EDMULT code improvement","Journal","Proc. Rad Tech Asia'93,Nov 1993(preprint)","Tabata,T.,Shinoda,K.,Andreo,P.,Wang,C.S.,Ito,R.","Analysis of Monte Carlo depth-dose data for electron beams and four-layer extension of the EDMULT code"
"TABATA(1994A)",1994,"3C","Energy deposition distributions","Journal","At Dat Nucl Dat Tables 56, 105-131(1994)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Ito,R.","Energy-deposition distributions in materials irradiated by plane-parallel electron beams with energies between 0.1 and 100 MeV"
"TABATA(1994B)",1994,"3C","Energy deposition, electron beam","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  93,447-456(1994)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Shinoda,K.,Ito,R.","Energy deposition through radiative processes in absorbers irradiated by electron beams"
"TABATA(1994C)",1994,"3D","Charge deposition profile","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  94,103-106(1994)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Ito,R.","Depth profile of charge deposition by 0.1 MeV to 100 MeV electrons in elemental absorbers"
"TABATA(1995A)",1995,"3C","Depth-dose algorithms (review)","Journal","Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect. 44, 41-46(1995)","Tabata,T.","Theoretical evaluation of absorbed doses in materials irradiated by low-energy electron beams: a short review"
"TABATA(1995B)",1995,"3D","Charge deposition profiles","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  95,289-299(1995)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Shinoda,K.,Ito,R.","Depth profiles of charge deposition by electrons in elemental absorbers: Monte Carlo results, experimental benchmarks and derived parameters"
"TABATA(1995C)",1995,"3C","Depth-dose models,algorithms","Conference","Intl Workshop,Seattle,WA(1995)","Tabata,T.","Semiempirical models for depth-dose curves of electrons (slides)"
"TABATA(1996A)",1996,"1C","Electron ranges,.1-100 MeV","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B108, 11-17(1996)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Shinoda,K.,Ito,R.","Range distributions and projected ranges of 0.1- to 100-MeV electrons in elemental absorbers"
"TABATA(1996B)",1996,"1C","Extrapolated range formula","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B119,463-470(1996)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Shinoda,K.","An analytic formula for the extrapolated range of electrons in condensed materials"
"TABATA(1997A)",1997,"3C","Energy, charge deposition profiles","Journal","Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect. 46, 71-78(1997)","Tabata,T.","Smoothing and interpolation by moving-window least squares polynomial fits: application to energy- and charge-deposition distributions by electrons"
"TABATA(1997C)",1997,"3C","Depth-dose curves conversion, phantoms","Journal","Jap. J. Med. Phys. 17, 151-160(1997)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.","A method to convert absolute depth-dose curves of electrons between different phantom materials"
"TABATA(1998A)",1998,"3C","Dose-depth algorithm","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  205-215(1998)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Shinoda,K.","An algorithm for depth-dose curves of electrons fitted to Monte Carlo data (This reference describes the new algorithm of one of the most important subprograms, EDEPOS, used in EDMULT.)"
"TABATA(1998B)",1998,"1C","Detour factor, formulas","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 53,  353-360(1998)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.","Semiempirical formulas for the detour factor of 1 MeV to 50 MeV electrons in condensed materials"
"TABATA(1999A)",1999,"3A","Backscatter yields,electron & photon","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 54,    11-18(1999)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.,Shinoda,K.","Fractional energies of backscattered electrons and photon yields by electrons"
"TABATA(1999B)",1999,"1C","Detour factor, formulas","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 55,  109-109(1999)","Tabata,T.,Andreo,P.","Semiempirical formulas for the detour factor of 1 MeV to 50 MeV electrons in condensed materials (vol 53, pg 353,1998)"
"TABATA(2002)",1999,"3B","Extrapolated ranges,.1-50 MeV,Z=4-92 (2 methods)","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 64,  161-167(2002)","Tabata,T.,Moskvin,V.,Andreo,P.,Lazurik,V.,Rogov,Y.","Extrapolated ranges of electrons determined from transmission and projected-range straggling curves"
"TABET(1996)",1996,"4C5","Monte Carlo simulation of EBIC grain boundary contrast,Ge","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Engin. B42,181-184(1996)","Tabet,N.,Ledra,M.","Monte Carlo simulation of the EBIC grain boundary contrast in semiconductors"
"TAILOR(2002)",2002,"4A1C","Change in dose as ratio of doses based on two protocols","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,1464-1472(2002)","Tailor,R.C.,Hanson,W.F.","Calculated absorbed-dose ratios, TG51/TG21, for most widely used cylindrical and parallel-plate ion chambers over a range of photon and electron energies"
"TAILOR(2003)",2003,"4A1","Radiological Physics Center report: use of dosimetry protocol TG-51","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 4,102-111(2003)","Tailor,R.C.,Hanson,W.F.,Ibbott,G.S.","TG-51: Experience from 150 institutions, common errors, and helpful hints"
"TAKAHASHI(1975)",1975,"4E3","Measurements of average energy per ion pair in liquid xenon,15.6 eV","Journal","Phys. Rev. A12,1771-1775(1975)","Takahashi,T.,Konno,S.,Hamada,T.,Miyajima,M.,Kubota,S.,Nakamoto,A.,Hitachi,A.,Shibamura,E.,Doke,T.","Average energy expended per ion pair in liquid xenon"
"TAKEUCHI(1985)",1985,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,4 materials","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  90,158-164(1985)","Takeuchi,K.,Tanaka,S.","Point isotropic buildup factors of gamma rays, Including bremsstrahlung and annihilation radiation for water, concrete, iron, and lead"
"TAKEUCHI(1990)",1990,"4D1","X-ray photoemission from gold (Monte Carlo model)","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 68,2955-2961(1990)","Takeuchi,K.,Murata,K.","Monte Carlo simulation of photoelectron emission from a gold specimen"
"TAMURA(1967)",1967,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,Cs-137,plane","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  28,144-145(1967)","Tamura,K.,Tsuruo,A.","Dose buildup factors of plane parallel barriers for Cs-137 plane monodirectional source"
"TAN(1994A)",1994,"4B05","Bremsstrahlung spectra,theory","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 45,1101-1111(1994)","Tan,D.,Heaton,B.","Bremsstrahlung intensity and spectrum - theoretical deduction and discussion"
"TAN(1994B)",1994,"4C2","X-ray spectrum calculation","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 45,1115-1116(1994)","Tan,D.,Heaton,B.","Theoretical formula for x-ray intensity spectra from transparent targets"
"TAN(1994C)",1994,"1C","Electron range,CSDA (semiempir eqs)","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 45, 527-528(1994)","Tan,D.,Heaton,B.","Simple empirical relations for electron CSDA range and electron energy loss"
"TAN(1998)",1998,"4C4","XRF,math model for correcting multi-component matrix effect","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,  95-104(1998)","Tan,B.,Sun,W.","Correction method for the matrix effect in X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis"
"TAN(2004)",2003,"4E5","Inelast cross sections calculated using dielectric response theory","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 43:173-182(2004)","Tan,Z.,Xia,Y.,Liu,Z.,Zhao,M.,Ji,Y,Li,F.,Huang,B.","Cross sections of electron inelastic interactions in DNA"
"TANAKA(1986)",1986,"4B01","Gamma buildup factors,~ lead K-edge","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  93,376-385(1986)","Tanaka,S.,Takeuchi,K.","Detailed investigation of the buildup factors and spectra for point isotropic gamma-ray sources in the vicinity of the K edge in lead"
"TANAKA(1994)",1994,"4C5","EBIC,Monte Carlo,damage study","Journal","J. Electronic Materials 23,341-346(1994)","Tanaka,N.,Ishikawa,T.","Energy dependence and depth distribution of electron beam-induced damage in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures"
"TANG(2002)",2002,"4C3","Ioniz cross sects,expt,Ge K-shell,Sn L-shell,compared with theories","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 91,6739-6743(2002)","Tang,C.,An,Z.,Luo,z.,Liu,M.","Measurements of germanium K-shell ionization cross sections and tin L-shell x-ray production cross sections by electron impact"
"TANG(2004)",2004,"4B11","Rapid visualization of temporal,spatial behavior of charging phenomena","Journal","Scanning 26,226-234(2004)","Tang,X.,Joy,D.C.","A novel technique for visualizing electron beam induced charging"
"TANNER(2004)",2004,"4E6","Code Intercomparison, focuses on the analysis of 3 neutron problems","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.110,769-780(2004)","R. J. Tanner, J.-L. Chartier, B. R. L. Siebert, S. Agosteo, B. Großwendt, G. Gualdrini, I. Kodeli, G. P. Leuthold, S. Ménard, R. A. Price, H. Tagziria, M. Terrissol, M. Zankl","Intercomparison on the usage of computational codes in radiation dosimetry"
"TANUMA(1987)",1987,"4D1","Formula of Inelastic mfps proposed","Journal","Surf. Sci. 192,L849-857(1987)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Proposed formula for electron inelastic mean free paths based on calculations for 31 materials"
"TANUMA(1988A)",1988,"4D1","Dependence of inelastic mfps on material and electron energy","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 6,1041-1042(1990)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Summary Abstract: Dependence of inelastic electron mean free paths on electron energy and material"
"TANUMA(1988B)",1988,"4D1","Inelastic mfp,calc for 31 materials","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 11,577-589(1988)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths for 31 materials"
"TANUMA(1990A)",1990,"4D1","Inelastic mfps at low energy","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  52,285-291(1990)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Electron inelastic mean free paths in solids at low energies"
"TANUMA(1990B)",1990,"4D1","Inelastic mfps,low energy,material dependence","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 8,2213-2216(1990)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Material dependence of electron inelastic mean free paths at low energies"
"TANUMA(1991A)",1991,"4D1","Inelastic mfp,calc of 27 elements","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 17,911-926(1991)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. 2. Data for 27 elements over the 50-2000 eV range"
"TANUMA(1991B)",1991,"4D1","Inelastic mfp,calc fo 15 inorg compds","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 17,927-939(1991)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. 3. Data for 15 inorganic compounds over the 50-2000 eV range"
"TANUMA(1992)",1992,"4D1","Inelastic mfps,low energy electrons","Journal","Acta Phys. Polon. A81,169-186(1992)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Inelastic mean free paths of low energy electrons in solids"
"TANUMA(1993A)",1993,"1B","Energy-loss function,optical data","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  62,  95-109(1993)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Use of sum rules on the energy-loss function for the evaluation of experimental optical data"
"TANUMA(1993B)",1993,"4D1","Inelastic mfps,calculations","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,    77-89(1993)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPS). 4. Evaluation of calculated IMFPS and of the predictive IMFP formula TPP-2 for electron energies between 50 and 200 eV"
"TANUMA(1994)",1994,"4D1","Inelastic mfp,calc for 14 organic compds","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 21,  165-176(1994)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. 5. Data for 14 organic compounds over the 50-2000 eV range"
"TANUMA(1996)",1996,"4D1","Inelastic mfp,'effective',calculations","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 101, 47-50(1996)","Tanuma,S.,Ichimura,S.,Yoshihara,K.","Calculations of 'effective' inelastic mean free paths in solids"
"TANUMA(1997)",1997,"4D1","Inelastic mfps,calculations","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,    25-35(1997)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPS). 6. Analysis of the Gries inelastic scattering model and predictive IMFP equation"
"TANUMA(2003)",2003,"4D1","Inelastic mfps,predictive equation","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  268-275(2003)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPS). 7. Reliability of the TPP-2M IMFP predictive equation"
"TANUMA(2005A)",2005,"1B","IMFP's,14 elements,50-2000 eV,compared with TPP-2M equation","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,      1-14(2005)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths: VIII. Data for 15 elemental solids over the 50-2000 eV range"
"TANUMA(2005B)",2005,"4E8C","EPES determination of IMFPs,50-5000 eV,13 elements","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  833-845(2005)","Tanuma,S.,Shiratori,T.,Kimura,T.,Goto,K.,Ichimura,S.,Powell,C.J.","Experimental determination of electron inelastic mean free paths in 13 elemental solids in the 50 to 5000 eV energy range by elastic-peak electron spectroscopy"
"TANUMA(2005C)",2005,"1C","Stopping powers,200 eV-30 keV in Al,Si,Cr,Ni,Cu,Ge,Pd,Ag,Pt,Au","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  978-988(2005)","Tanuma,S.,Powell,C.J.,Penn,D.R.","Calculations of stopping powers of 100 eV to 30 keV electrons in 10 elemental solids"
"TANUMA(2006)",2006,"4D1","AES/XPS,use of experimentally determined relative intensity factors","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  178-180(2006)","Tanuma,S.","Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard:XX ISO 18118: 2004 - Surface chemical analysis - AES and XPS - Guide to the use of experimentally determined relative intensity factors for the quantitative analysis of homogeneous materials"
"TAO(1998)",1998,"4C4","XRF,theory,calculated relative intensities","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,357-366(1998)","Tao,G.Y.,Zhuo,S.J.,Ji,A.,Norrish,K.,Fazey,P.,Senff,U.E.","An attempt at improving the accuracy of calculated relative intensities from theory in x-ray fluorescence spectrometry"
"TARANENKO(2005)",2005,"2H","Dosimetric MC calcs for voxel phantom using PENELOPE","Journal","Biomed.Techn. 50 (Suppl.1,Part 1), 271-272 (2005) (pdf file found on web with same title as above)","Taranenko, V., Zankl, M.:","Photon and electron transport simulation in voxel geometry with PENELOPE"
"TARANTELLI(1995)",1995,"4D1","AES,theory of spectra of polyatomic molecules & solids","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  76,  47-54(1995)","Tarantelli,F.,Cederbaum,L.S.,Sgarnellotti,A.","The ab-initio simulation of Auger spectra"
"TARTARI(1995)",1995,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 24,167-171(1995)","Tartari,A.,Fernandez,J.E.,Casnati,E.,Baraldi,C.","New EDXRS exploitation of Compton scattering properties"
"TARTARI(2005)",2005,"1A","X-ray coherent cross-sections;microbeam,materials analysis applics","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,421-425(2005)","Tartari,A.,Taibi,A.,Bonifazzi,C.,Gambaccini,M.,de Felici,M.","Updating of x-ray coherent cross-sections and their effects in microbeam and materials analysis applications"
"TASHEREAU(2003)",2003,"4E4","microdosimetry,relative biological effectiveness,Monte Carlo","Journal","Medical Dosimetry 28,  21-26(2003)","Tashereau,R.,Roy,R.,Pouliot,J.","A comparison of methods to calculate biological effectiveness (RBE) from Monte Carlo simulations"
"TASHIRO(2001)",2001,"4C1","Pulsed slow positron beam developed","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 60,  529-533(2001)","Tashiro,M.,Honda,Y.,Yamaguchi,T.,Pujari,P.K.,Kimura,N.,Kozawa,T.,Isoyama,G.,Tagawa,S.","Development of a short-pulsed slow positron beam for application to polymer films"
"TAVORA(1998)",1998,"2B","EGS4 code,photon production","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B143,253-271(1998)","Tavora,L.M.N.,Morton,E.J.","Photon production using a low energy electron expansion of the EGS4 code system"
"TAVORA(2000)",2000,"4C2","EGS4 MC study of photon production in transmission target x-ray tubes","Journal","J. Phys. D 33,2497-2507(2000)","Tavora,L.M.N.,Morton,E.J.,Gilboy,W.B.","Design considerations for transmission x-ray tubes operated at diagnostic energies"
"TAVORA(2001)",2001,"4C2","Improving ratio of fluorescence to bremsstrahlung in x-ray tube spectra","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 54,  59-72(2001)","Tavora,L.M.N.,Morton,E.J.,Gilboy,W.B.","Enhancing the ratio of fluorescence to bremsstrahlung radiation in x-ray tube spectra"
"TEMERIN(1997)",1997,"4C6","auroral acceleration mechanisms","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 20,1025-1035(1997)","Temerin,M.","What do we really know about auroral acceleration?"
"TEN HAKEN(1987A)",1987,"3C","Finding mean e-beam energy from depth-ionization measurements","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 985-991(1987)","Ten Haken,R.K.,Fraass,B.E.","Determination of electron beam mean incident energy from d50 (ionization) values"
"TEN HAKEN(1987B)",1987,"4A1C","Central axis relative dose vs depth measurements,various dosimeters","Journal","Med. Phys. 14,1060-1066(1987)","Ten Haken,R.K.,Fraass,B.A.,Jost,R.J.","Practical methods of electron depth-dose measurement compared to use of the NACP design chamber in water"
"TENCE(1995)",1995,"4E8A","EELS,compositional profiling,nanometer spatial resolution","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   58,  42-54(1995)","Tence,M.,Quartuccio,M.,Colliex,C.","PEELS compositional profiling and mapping at nanometer spatial resolution"
"TENG(1995)",1995,"1B","Mott scattering","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 45,  235-245(1995)","Teng,L.J.,Hou,Q.,Luo,Z.M.","Analytic fitting to the Mott cross-section of electrons"
"TEODORI(2004)",2004,"4B02","XRF,effect on photon energy distributions of geometry,detector position","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,353-354(2004)","Teodori,F.,Fernandez,J.E.,Molinari,V.G.","The effect of geometry on the fluorescence radiation field"
"TERTIAN(1984)",1986,"4C2","Spectral intensity distributions from X-ray tubes","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 15,134-141(1986)","Tertian,R.,Broll,N.","Spectral intensity distributions from X-ray tubes.  Calculated versus experimental evaluations"
"TERTIAN(1986)",1986,"4C4","XRF,theoretical model comparison","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 15,177-190(1986)","Tertian,R.","Mathematical matrix correction procedures for x-ray fluorescence analysis: A critical survey"
"TERTIAN(1987)",1987,"4C4","XRF,alpha correction algorithms,critical examination","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 16,261-266(1987)","Tertian,R.","The Claisse-Quintin and Lachance-Claisse alpha correction algorithms and their modifications - a critical examination"
"TERTIAN(1988)",1988,"4C4","XRF,theoretical model comparison","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 17,  89-98(1988)","Tertian,R.","Unification of fundamental matrix correction methods in x-ray fluorescence analysis: Arguments for a new binary coefficient approach"
"TERVO(1998)",1998,"4A3A","Treatment planning,integral operator meth","Journal","Math'l & Computer Modeling 28,59-77(1998)","Tervo,J.,Kolmonen,P.","Data fitting model for the kernel of integral operator from radiation therapy"
"TERVO(1999)",1999,"2C","Transport eq soln,finite-elem method","Journal","Inverse Problems 15,1345-1361(1999)","Tervo,J.,Kolmonen,P.,Vauhkonen,M.,Heikkinen,L.M.,Kaipio,J.P.","A finite element model of electron transport in radiation therapy and a related inverse problem"
"TERVO(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Applic of Boltzmann transport equation for IMRT(multileaf collimators)","Journal","Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 12,109-141(2002)","Tervo,J.,Kolmonen,P.","Inverse radiotherapy treatment planning model applying Boltzmann-transport equation"
"THAKUR(2005)",2005,"4A5A","Report of a workshop on molecular imaging (MI) in April 2005.","Journal","Radiology 236,753-755 (2005)","Mathew Thakur, Brian C. Lentle","Report of a summit on molecular imaging"
"THOMPSON(1992)",1992,"4C3","Synchr x-ray microanalysis","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A319,320-325(1992)","Thompson,K.C.,Chapman,K.L.,Ice,G.E.,Sparks,C.J.,Rivers,M.L.,Bilderback,D.H.,Thiel,D.J.","Focusing optics for a synchrotron-based x-ray microprobe"
"THUMMEL(1964)",1964,"3A","Backscatter energy distr vs deflection angle","Journal","Kernenergie 7,509-513(1964)","Thummel,H.W.","On the energy distribution of backscattered electrons as a function of deflection angle"
"THWAITES(1996)",1996,"4B06","Dosimetry (electron beam)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 41,2557-2603(1996)","Thwaites,D.I.,Burns,D.T.,Klevenhagen,S.C.,Nahum,A.E.,Pitchford,W.G.","The IPEMB code of practice for electron dosimetry for radiotherapy beams of initial energy from 2 to 50 MeV based on an air kerma calibration"
"THWAITES(2006)",2006,"4A1A","History of the medical linear accelerator since first use in 1953","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R343-R362(2006)","Thwaites,D.I.,Tuohy,J.B.","Back to the future: the history and development of the clinical linear accelerator (review)"
"TIAN(2003)",2003,"4E7","MC ion implantation model for implants into crystalline silicon","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 93,5893-5904(2003)","Tian,S.","Predictive Monte Carlo ion implantation simulator from sub-keV to above 10 MeV"
"TIELSCH(1996)",1996,"4D1","Lateral differential charging on insulating samples,imaging XPS","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 24,    28-33(1996)","Tielsch,B.J.,Fulghum,J.E.","Differential charging in XPS. Part I: Demonstration of lateral charging in a bulk insulator using imaging XPS"
"TILIKIDIS(1994)",1994,"4E4","Microdosimetry,dose response relations","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,  43-49(1994)","Tilikidis,A.,Skog,S.,Brahme,A.","Influence of radiation quality changes on microdosimetric variance and dose-response relations"
"TILININ(1992)",1992,"4D1","AES,Auger electrons,escape probability","Journal","Phys. Rev. B46,13739-13746(1992)","Tilinin,I.S.,Werner,W.S.M.","Escape probability of Auger electrons from noncrystalline solids: exact solution in the transport approximation"
"TILININ(1993)",1993,"4D1","Photoelectron distribs (transport theory)","Journal","Surf. Sci. 290,  119-133(1993)","Tilinin,I.S.,Werner,W.S.M.","Angular and energy-distribution of Auger and photoelectrons escaping from noncrystalline solid surfaces"
"TILININ(1994A)",1994,"4D1","Photoelectron escape depth","Journal","Acta Phys. Polon. A86,845-852(1994)","Tilinin,I.S.,Jablonski,A.,Lesiakorlowshka,B.","Mean escape depth of signal photoelectrons from amorphous and polycrystalline solids"
"TILININ(1994B)",1994,"1D1","Transport method applied to AES,EPES,REELS,backscattering","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta 114/115,,485-503(1994)","Tilinin,I.S.,Werner,W.S.M.","New developments in the theory of fast electron scattering in solids: Applications to microbeam analysis"
"TILININ(1995A)",1995,"4D1","Photoelectron escape probability,1-group transport approx","Journal","Phys. Rev. B52,5935-5946(1995)","Tilinin,I.S.,Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","Path-length distribution of photoelectrons emitted from homogeneous noncrystalline solids: Consequences for inelastic background analysis"
"TILININ(1995B)",1995,"4D1","XPS,quantitative,angle-resolved,theory","Journal","Vacuum 46,  613-616(1995)","Tilinin,I.S.,Jablonski,A.,Lesiakorlowshka,B.","A theory of quantitative angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"TILININ(1996A)",1996,"4D1","XPS,elastic scattering,Monte Carlo & transport approx","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 101, 20-24(1996)","Tilinin,I.S.,Jablonski,A.,Lesiakorlowska,B.","The influence of elastic scattering on the concentration dependence of the photoelectron line intensity"
"TILININ(1996B)",1996,"4D1","Photoemission,x-ray,synchrotron,1-group transport eqn approx","Journal","Phys. Rev. B53,    547-555(1996)","Tilinin,I.S.","Mean escape depth of signal photoelectrons ejected from solids by polarized x-rays"
"TILININ(1996C)",1996,"4D1","Auger spectroscopy","Journal","Prog. Surf. Sci. 52,193-335(1996)","Tilinin,I.S.,Jablonski,A.,Werner,W.S.M.","Quantitative surface analysis by Auger and x-ray photoelectron-spectroscopy"
"TILININ(1997A)",1997,"4D1","Photoemission, x-ray (polarized)","Journal","Acta Phys. Polon. A91,887-892(1997)","Tilinin,I.S.","Photoemission by polarized x-rays"
"TILININ(1997B)",1997,"4D1","Auger,appearance potential spectrum","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  85,135-143(1997)","Tilinin,I.S.,Slesiak,J.,Pavluch,J.","Elastic contribution to the high energy Auger electron appearance potential spectrum"
"TILININ(1997C)",1997,"4D1","XPS,escape probability,photoemission anisotropy","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  87,127-140(1997)","Tilinin,I.S.,Jablonski,A.,Zemek,J.,Hucek,S.","Escape probability of signal photoelectrons from noncrystalline solids: influence of anisotropy of photoemission"
"TILININ(1997D)",1997,"4D1","Photoelectron escape probability","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  119-131(1997)","Tilinin,I.S.,Jablonski,A.,Tougaard,S.","Emission depth dependence of the signal photoelectron energy spectrum"
"TILININ(1997E)",1997,"4D1","Auger,XPS,substrate overlayers,one-group transport theory","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  683-687(1997)","Tilinin,I.S.,Zemek,J.,Hucek,S.","Escape probability of signal Auger and photoelectrons from ultrathin overlayers"
"TILLY(2002)",2002,"4E2","Electron slowing-down spectra calc. by Monte Carlo","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,1303-1319(2002)","Tilly,N.,Fernandez-Varea,J.M.,Grusell,E.,Brahme,A.","Comparison of Monte Carlo calculated electron slowing-down spectra generated by Co-60 gamma-rays, electrons, protons and light ions"
"TIMNEANU(2004)",2004,"4D1","Sec electron cascades,x-ray damage to water,ice,Auger simulation","Journal","Chem. Phys. 299,277-283(2004)","Timneanu,N.,Caleman,C.,Hajdu,J.,van der Spoel,D.","Auger electron cascades in water and ice"
"TIRAO(2003)",2003,"4C4","Algorithm for four 2nd-order interaction processes described","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,  13-24(2003)","Tirao,G.,Stutz,G.","Contributions of double interaction processes to x-ray fluorescence intensity"
"TIRARA SAA(1987)",1987,"4C3","EPMA, Gaussian parameter assessment","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 16,  27-32(1987)","Tirara Saa,J.H.,Riveros,J.A.","Theoretical assessment of the coefficient phi(0) and coefficient gamma(0) of the Gaussian phi(rho*z) curves"
"TIRASOGLU(2001)",2001,"4C4","XRF,dependence of enhancement effect on element concentration","Journal","J. Trace Microprobe Techn 19,  99-106(2001)","Tirasoglu,E.Dogan,O.,Cevik,U.,Ertugrul<M.,Erdogan,H.","Measurement of the enhancement effect in different sample series in x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"TITCHMARSH(1998)",1998,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,signal procssing","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,  37-47(1998)","Titchmarsh,J.M.","X-ray spectrum processing and multivariate analysis"
"TOBUREN(1998)",1998,"4E5","Input data for track structure calculations (review)","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 37,221-233(1998)","Toburen,L.H.","Ionization and charge-transfer: basic data for track structure calculations"
"TOFTERUP(1985)",1985,"3A","Electron backscatt, energy spectra","Journal","Phys. Rev. B32,2808-2818(1985)","Tofterup,A.L.","Elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons reflected from solids: effects on energy spectra"
"TOFTERUP(1986)",1986,"4D1","XPS,AES,depth profiling,scattering theory","Journal","Surf. Sci. 167,   70-100(1986)","Tofterup,A.L.","Theory of elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons emitted from solids: energy spectra and depth profiling in XPS, AES"
"TOFTERUP(1991)",1991,"4D1","XPS,AES,depth profiling,energy loss funct","Journal","Surf. Sci. 248,    77-85(1991)","Tofterup,A.L.","Depth profiling through quantitative analysis of energy spectra in XPS and AES: analytical formalism"
"TOKESI(1995)",1995,"4E8C","Backscattered electron spectra,Ag,0.2, 2 keV.,Monte Carlo.","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  76,427-432(1995)","Tokesi,K.,Varga,D.,Kover,L.,Mukoyama,T.","Monte Carlo modeling of the backscattered electron spectra of silver at the 200 eV and 2 keV primary electron energies"
"TOKESI(1996)",1996,"3A","Backscattering,Monte Carlo model","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 79,3763-3769(1996)","Tokesi,K.,Nemethy,A.,Kover,L.,Varga,D.,Mukoyama,T.","Modeling of electron scattering in thin manganese films on silicon by Monte Carlo methods"
"TOKESI(2006)",2006,"4D3","Elastically backscattered electrons,Ag,studied by Monte Carlo","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  676-678(2006)","Tokesi,K.,Varga,D.","Angular distribution of electrons backscattered elastically from silver"
"TOLAR(2001A)",2001,"4A2","New multiple scattering algorithm (transport condensed history method)","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin. 139,  47-65(2001)","Tolar,D.R.,Jr.,Larsen,E.W.","A transport condensed history algorithm for electron Monte Carlo simulations"
"TOLAR(2001B)",2001,"2B","Condensed history algorithm","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 80,120(1999)","Tolar,D.R.,Larsen,E.W.","A transport-based condensed history algorithm"
"TOMBAKOGLU(2006)",2006,"2G","Simplified photon transport model - analytical solution","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B244,343-348(2006)","Tombakoglu,M.","An analytical solution to simplified photon transport model used for code verification"
"TOMBUYSES(1998)",1998,"4E8C","MC simulation,simple models for backscattering,ang distribs proposed","Journal","Math. & Computers in Simul 47,483-491(1998)","Tombuyses B.,Dubus A.","Contribution to the study of elastic electron backscattering from polycrystalline metallic targets by Monte Carlo simulation"
"TOME(1998)",1998,"1C","Stopping power,restricted,collision,calculation","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  758-772(1998)","Tome,W.A.,Palta,J.R.","On the calculation of mean restricted collision stopping powers"
"TOMLIN(1963)",1963,"3A","Backscattering formula based on Archard's diffusion model","Journal","Proc Phys Soc London 82,  465-466(1963)","Tomlin,S.G.","The backscattering of electrons from solids"
"TOMLIN(1966)",1966,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation,1st,2nd moments of electron distribution","Journal","Proc Phys Soc London 89,  805-819(1966)","Tomlin,S.G.","The penetration of electrons into matter"
"TOROK(1992)",1992,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 64,  180R-196R(1992)","Torok,S.B.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"TOROK(1994)",1994,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (review 1992-93)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 66,  186R-R206R(1994)","Torok,S.B.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"TOROK(1996)",1996,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (review 1994-95,XRF,PIXE,EPMA)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 68,  467R-485R(1996)","Torok,S.B.,Labar,J.,Injuk,J.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"TOROK(1998)",1998,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (review 1995-97;XRF,PIXE,EPMA,synchrotron)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 70,  495R-517R(1998)","Torok,S.B.,Labar,J.,Schmeling,M.,Van Grieken,R.E.","X-ray spectrometry"
"TOTH(1998)",1998,"2B","Energy loss profiles in multilayer specimens calculated using CASINO","Journal","Scanning 20,425-432(1998)","Toth,M.,Phillips,M.R.","Monte Carlo modeling of cathodoluminescence generation using electron energy loss curves"
"TOUGAARD(1982)",1982,"4D1","Elast,inelast scattering influence on shape,intensity near primary peak","Journal","Phys. Rev. B25,4452-4466(1982)","Tougaard,S.,Sigmund,P.","Influence of elastic and inelastic scattering on energy spectra of electrons emitted from solids"
"TOUGAARD(1986)",1986,"4E8B","Electron reflection,energy loss spectra","Journal","Sol. St. Comm.  57,  77-79(1986)","Tougaard,S.,Chorkendorff,I.","Quantitative analysis of reflection electron energy loss spectra of aluminum"
"TOUGAARD(1987A)",1987,"4D1","XPS peak shape analysis to extract in-depth composition info","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 5,1275-1278(1987)","Tougaard,S.","X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy peak shape analysis for the extraction of in-depth composition information"
"TOUGAARD(1987B)",1987,"1B","Inelastic scattering,metals","Journal","Sol. St. Comm.  61,547-549(1987)","Tougaard,S.","Low energy inelastic electron scattering properties of noble and transition metals"
"TOUGAARD(1988A)",1988,"4D1","XPS,backgrnd correction algorithm","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 13,225-227(1988)","Tougaard,S.,Braun,W.,Holubkrappe,E.,Saalfeld,H.","Test of algorithm for background correction in XPS under variation of XPS peak energy"
"TOUGAARD(1988B)",1988,"4D1","XPS,quantitative,inelastic background,review","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 11,453-472(1988)","Tougaard,S.","Quantitative analysis of the inelastic background in surface electron spectroscopy (review)"
"TOUGAARD(1989)",1989,"4D1","XPS,depth profiling","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 14,730-738(1989)","Tougaard,S.,Hansen,H.S.","Non-destructive depth profiling through quantitative analysis of surface electron spectra"
"TOUGAARD(1990)",1990,"4D1","AES,XPS,quantitative surface analysis,new formalism,3 algorithms","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 8,2197-2203(1990)","Tougaard,S.","Formalism for quantitative surface analysis by electron spectroscopy"
"TOUGAARD(1991)",1991,"4D1","Electron scattering,inelastic,300-10000 eV,theory & expt","Journal","Phys. Rev. B43,  1651-1661(1991)","Tougaard,S.,Kraaer,J.","Inelastic electron scattering cross sections for Si, Cu, Ag, Au, Ti, Fe and Pd"
"TOUGAARD(1993)",1993,"4D1","XPS,quant peak analysis,3 methods","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,1013-1046(1993)","Tougaard,S.,Jansson,C.","Comparison of validity and consistency of methods for quantitative XPS peak analysis"
"TOUGAARD(1995)",1995,"4D1","XPS,peak ratios,2 theories compared","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  559-564(1995)","Tougaard,S.,Jablonski,A.","Test of elastic electron-scattering corrections for quantitative XPS"
"TOUGAARD(1996A)",1996,"4D1","XPS,quantitative analysis,peak shape","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 101,   1-10(1996)","Tougaard,S.","Quantitative XPS: nondestructive analysis of surface nanostructures"
"TOUGAARD(1996B)",1996,"4D1","Quantitative analysis of surfaces using XPS/AES,uncertainties","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A14,1415-1423(1996)","Tougaard,S.","Surface nanostructure determination by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy peak shape analysis"
"TOUGAARD(1997A)",1997,"1B","Inelastic scattering,theory (review)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  137-154(1997)","Tougaard,S.","Universality classes of inelastic electron scattering cross-sections"
"TOUGAARD(1997B)",1997,"4D1","XPS,quantitative,influence of elastic scattering studied","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 25,  404-408(1997)","Tougaard,S.,Jablonski,A.","Quantitative XPS: Influence of elastic electron scattering quantification by peak shape analysis"
"TOUGAARD(1998)",1998,"4D1","XPS,AES,peak shape analysis","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  249-269(1998)","Tougaard,S.","Accuracy of the nondestructive surface nanostructure quantification technique based on analysis of the XPS or AES peak shape"
"TOUGAARD(2000)",2000,"4E8B","Algorithm for REELS analysis;inelastic scat cros sects,quant XPS","Journal","Surf. Sci. 464,233-239(2000)","Tougaard,S.","Algorithm for analysis of low-energy-resolution REELS; determination of inelastic electron scattering cross-sections and applications in quantitative XPS"
"TOUGAARD(2001)",2001,"4E8B","REELS, elastically reflected electrons, determination of IMFP","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,      1-10(2001)","Tougaard,S.,Krawczyk,M.,Jablonski,A.,Pavluch,J.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.,Gergely,G.,Menyhard,M.,Sulyok,A.","Intercomparison of methods for separation of REELS elastic peak intensities for determination of IMFP"
"TOUGAARD(2003)",2003,"4D1","XPS,analysis,energy distrib of emitted electrons to determine # atoms","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A21,1081-1086(2003)","Tougaard,S.","Quantitative x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Simple algorithm to determine the amount of atoms in the outermost few nanometers"
"TOUGAARD(2004)",2004,"4D1","XPS,AES,REELS,influence of inelastic scatter near surface","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  824-827(2004)","Tougaard,S.,Yubero,F.","QUEELS software package for calculation of surface effects in electron spectra"
"TOUGAARD(2005)",2005,"4D1","XPS,algorithm finds amt of atoms within 3 inelastic mfps+depth distrib","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A23,  741-745(2005)","Tougaard,S.","Algorithm for automatic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data processing and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy imaging"
"TOWNSEND(2001)",2001,"4B01","Review, shielding for space applications","Journal","Physica Medica 17 S1:  84-85(2001)","Townsend,L.","Overview of active methods for shielding spacecraft from energetic space radiation"
"TOWNSEND(2002)",2002,"4A5C","Software-based image fusion,combine PET/CT scanner","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 75,  S24-S30(2002)","Townsend,D.W.,Beyer,T.","A combined PET/CT scanner: the path to true image fusion"
"TOWNSEND(2004A)",2004,"4A5C","Review PET physical principles,scanner technolgoy","Journal","Annals Academy of Medicine 33,133-145(2004)","Townsend,D.W.","Physical principles and technology of clinical PET imaging"
"TOWNSEND(2004B)",2004,"4A5C","PET scanner technology,combined with CT,spatial resolution","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 45,      4S-14S(2004)","Townsend,D.W.,Carney,J.P.J.,Yap,J.T.,Hall,N.C.","PET/CT today and tomorrow"
"TREBBIA(1988)",1988,"4E8A","EELS,quantitative,detection limits","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   24,399-408(1988)","Trebbia,P.","Unbiased method for signal estimation in electron energy loss spectroscopy, concentration measurements and detection limits in quantitative microanalysis: methods and programs"
"TREUMANN(1999)",1999,"4C6","auroral microphysics,particle acceleration,radiation emission","Journal","Adv. Space Res. 23,1705-1720(1999)","Treumann,R.A.,Potteltette,R.","Auroral microprocesses; acceleration and radiation"
"TRINCAVELLI(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,M-alpha/L-alpha ratios","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 22,372-376(1993)","Trincavelli,J.,Montoro,S.,Vanespen,P.,Van Grieken,R.","M-alpha/L-alpha intensity ratios for Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb, and Bi for electron energies in the 11-40 keV range"
"TRINCAVELLI(1994)",1994,"4C3","EPMA,particle analysis","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 23,254-260(1994)","Trincavelli,J.,Van Grieken,R.","Peak-to-background method for standardless electron microprobe analysis of particles"
"TRINCAVELLI(1998)",1998,"4C3","EPMA (x-ray spectrum model)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,  81-86(1998)","Trincavelli,J.,Castellano,G.,Riveros,J.A.","Model for the bremsstrahlung spectrum in EPMA. Application to standardless quantification"
"TRINCAVELLI(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,quantitation,interactive program","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 28,194-197(1999)","Trincavelli,J.,Castellano,G.","MULTI: an interactive program for quantitation in EPMA"
"TRUBEY(1969)",1969,"4B01","I think I have a hard copy of this article","Journal","Nuclear Engineering and Design 10,505-517(1969)","Trubey,D.K.,Maskewitz,B.F.","Computer codes for shielding calculations - 1969"
"TSUJI(1999A)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,grazing exit,to detect x-rays from near the surface only","Journal","Anal. Chem. 71, 2497-2501(1999)","Tsuji,K.,Wagatsuma,K.,Nullens,R.,Van Geiken,R.E.","Grazing exit electron probe microanalysis for surface and particle analysis"
"TSUJI(1999B)",1999,"4E6","PIXE,grazing exit,to detect x-rays from near the surface only","Journal","Anal. Chem. 71, 5033-5036(1999)","Tsuji,K.,Wagatsuma,K.,Nullens,R.,Van Geiken,R.E.","Grazing-exit particle-induced x-ray emission analysis with extremely low background"
"TSUJI(2000)",2000,"4C3","Grazing-exit EPMA is suitable for small particle analysis","Journal","Microchim. Acta 132, 357-360 (2000)","Kouichi Tsuji, Zoya Spolnik, Kazuaki Wagatsuma, Rik Nullens, Rene E. Van Grieken","Detection limits of grazing-exit EPMA for particle analysis"
"TSUJI(2003)",2003,"4C3","EPMA,grazing-exit conditions:surface,thin-film & particle analysis","Journal","e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology 1,111-115(2003)","Kouichi Tsuji,Kouhei Tetsuoka,Filip Delalieux,Shigeo Sato","Calculation of electron-Induced x-ray Intensities under grazing exit conditions"
"TSUKAMOTO(2005)",2006,"4A5C","PET/CT has spread rapidly and replaced conventional PET.","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 20, 255–267 (2006)","Eriko Tsukamoto, Shinji Ochi","PET/CT today: System and its impact on cancer diagnosis (review)"
"TUCKER(1991A)",1991,"4C2","X-ray spectrum,W,semiempirical model","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 211-218(1991)","Tucker,D.M.,Barnes,G.T.,Chadraborty,D.P.","Semiempirical model for generating tungsten target x-ray spectra"
"TUCKER(1991B)",1991,"4C2","X-ray spectrum,Mo,semiemp model","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 402-407(1991)","Tucker,D.M.,Barnes,G.T.,Wu,X.Z.","Molybdenum target x-ray spectra: a semiempirical model"
"TULOVSKY(1994)",1994,"4A2","Electron transport,Yang equation","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,1377-1381(1994)","Tulovsky,V.,Sandison,G.A.,Papiez,L.S.","A solution to the Yang equation with electron-energy-loss following Harder's formula"
"TUNG(1979)",1979,"1B","Inelastic mfps & energy losses,model","Journal","Surf. Sci.   81, 427-439(1979)","Tung,C.J.,Ashley,J.C.,Ritchie,R.H.","Electron inelastic mean free paths and energy losses in solids.  2. Electron gas statistical model"
"TURIAN(2004)",2004,"4A1B","EGS4/BEAM MC calcs of output factors for irregularly shaped inserts","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 5,  42-63(2004)","Turian,J.V.,Smith,B.D.,Bernard,D.A.,Griem,K.L.,Chu,J.C.","Monte Carlo calculations of output factors for clinically shaped electron fields"
"TURINETTI(1998)",1998,"4B04","Co-60 cell,photon spectrum determ","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 45,2720-2726(1998)","Turinetti,J.,Kemp,W.T.,Chavez,J.R.","Spectrum determination and modification of the AFRL Co-60 cell"
"TURKINGTON(2001)",2001,"4A5C","Basics of PET imaging,instrumentation to acquire PET data","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 29,    1-8(2001)","Turkington,T.G.","Introduction to PET instrumentation"
"TURNER(1982)",1982,"4D1","Surface analysis (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 54,  293R-322R(1982)","Turner,N.H.,Colton,R.J.","Surface analysis: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry"
"TURNER(1984)",1982,"4D1","Surface analysis (review 1981-83;XPS.AES,SIMS)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 56,  373R-416R(1982)","Turner,N.H.,Dunlap,B.I.,Colton,R.J.","Surface analysis: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry"
"TURNER(1986)",1986,"4D1","XPS,AES (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 58,  153R-165R(1986)","Turner,N.H.","Surface analysis: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy"
"TURNER(1988)",1988,"4D1","XPS,AES (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 60,  377R-387R(1988)","Turner,N.H.","Surface analysis: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy"
"TURNER(1990)",1990,"4D1","XPS,AES (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 62,  113R-125R(1990)","Turner,N.H.","Surface analysis: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy"
"TURNER(1991)",1991,"4E5","Monte Carlo calc,simulation of chemical reactions on molecular level","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42, 995-1001(1991)","Turner,J.E.,Bolch,W.E.,Yoshida,H.,Jacobson,K.B.,Wright,H.A.,Hamm,R.N.,Ritchie,R.H.,Kolts,C.E.","Radiation damage to a biomolecule: New physical model successfully traces molecular events"
"TURNER(1992)",1992,"4D1","XPS,AES,SIMS (review 1981-83)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 64,  302R-320R(1992)","Turner,N.H.,Schreifels,J.A.","Surface analysis: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy"
"TURNER(1994)",1994,"4D1","XPS,AES (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 66,  163R-185R(1994)","Turner,N.H.,Schreifels,J.A.","Surface analysis: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy"
"TURNER(1996)",1996,"4D1","XPS,AES (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 68,  309R-331R(1996)","Turner,N.H.,Schreifels,J.A.","Surface analysis: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and auger electron spectroscopy"
"TURNER(1998)",1998,"4D1","XPS,AES (review)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 70,  229R-250R(1998)","Turner,N.H.,Schreifels,J.A.","Surface analysis: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy"
"TURNER(2000A)",2000,"4D1","XPS,AES (review;1997-1999)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 72,    99R-110R(2000)","Turner,N.H.,Schreifels,J.A.","Surface analysis: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy"
"TURNER(2000B)",2000,"4D1","XPS/AES review","Journal","Appl. Spectros. Reviews 35,203-254(2000)","Turner,N.H.","X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy (review)"
"TURNER(2004)",2004,"0A","Tutorial on basic interactions,applics to health physics","Journal","Health Phys. 86,228-252(2004)","Turner,J.E.","Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter"
"TYAGI(2004)",2004,"4A3A","DPM code,parallelized for treatment planning,phantom dose calculation","Journal","Med. Phys. 31,2721-2725(2004)","Tyagi,N,Bose,A.,Chetty,I.J.","Implementation of the DPM Monte Carlo code on a parallel architecture for treatment planning applications"
"UDALE(1988)",1988,"4A1B","E-beams,surface dose,M.C.study","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 33,  939-953(1988)","Udale,M.","A Monte Carlo investigation of surface doses for broad electron beams"
"UDALE-SMITH(1992)",1992,"4A1","E-beam params,M.C.calcs,accelerators","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,    85-105(1992)","Udale-Smith,M.","Monte Carlo calculations of electron beam parameters for three Philips linear accelerators"
"UEDONO(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron annihilation study,SiO2 on Si","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 75,  216-222(1994)","Uedono,A.,Wei,L.,Tanigawa,S.,Suzuki,R.,Ohgaki,H.,Mikado,T.,Fujino,K.","SiO2 films deposited on Si substrates by monoenergetic positron beams"
"UEHARA(1993)",1993,"4E5","M.C.track str code,H20 cross sects","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 38,1841-1858(1993)","Uehara,S.,Nikjoo,H.,Goodhead,D.T.","Cross-sections for water vapor for the Monte Carlo electron track structure code from 10 eV to the MeV region"
"UEHARA(1999)",1999,"4E5","M.C.track structure codes,cross sects","Journal","Radiat. Res. 152,202-213(1999)","Uehara,S.,Nikjoo,H.,Goodhead,D.T.","Comparison and assessment of electron cross sections for Monte Carlo track structure codes"
"UEHARA(2000)",2000,"4E5","Electronic stopping cross sections for low-energy protons in water","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 59,      1-11(2000)","Uehara,S.,Toburen,L.H.,Wilson,W.E.,Goodhead,D.T.,Nikjoo,H.","Calculations of electronic stopping cross sections for low-energy protons in water"
"UEHARA(2001)",2001,"4E5","Track structure,Monte Carlo code,low-energy protons in water","Journal","Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 77, 139-154(2001)","Uehara,S.,Toburen,L.H.,Nikjoo,H.","Development of a Monte Carlo track structure code for low-energy protons in water"
"UEHARA(2002)",2002,"4E5","Monte Carlo track structure code for low-energy alpha-particles in water","Journal","J. Phys. Chem. 106,B 42,11051-11063(2002).","Uehara,S.,Nikjoo,H.","Monte Carlo track structure code for low-energy alpha-particles in water"
"UEHARA(2006)",2006,"4E5","Simulation of prechemical,chemical states of tracks in liquid water","Journal","J. Radiat. Res. 47,69-81(2006)","Uehara,S.,Nikjoo,H.","Monte Carlo simulation of water radiolysis for low-energy charged particles"
"UGARTE(1987)",1987,"4C3","EPMA,quantit,ZAF correction models","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 16,249-254(1987)","Ugarte,D.,Castellano,G.,Trincavelli,J.,Delgiorgio,M.,Riveros,J.A.","Evaluation of the main atomic number, absorption and fluorescence correction models in quantitative microanalysis"
"ULM(2003)",2003,"4B08","Review of radiometry with synchrotron radiation,photoemissive diodes","Journal","Metrologia 40,S101-S104(2003)","Ulm,G.","Radiometry with synchrotron radiation"
"UNAK(1995)",1995,"1C","Stopping powers,low E electrons","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46, 561-562(1995)","Unak,T.,Ongun,B.,Unak,P.,Kumru,M.N.","Comparison of the calculated and measured stopping powers of low-energy electrons in different metals"
"UNNIKRISHNAN(1977)",1977,"4B07","Theory,transition zone dosimetry,uniform conc of electron emitters","Journal","Radiat. Res.  70,275-283(1977)","Unnikrishnan,K.","Transport of energy by electrons across an interface"
"VALAMONTES(1996)",1996,"4C3","X-ray microfluorescence, EPMA","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,597-603(1996)","Valamontes,E.,Nassiopoulos,A.G.","Comparison of back-foil scanning x-ray microfluorescence and electron probe x-ray microanalysis for the elemental characterization of thin coatings"
"VALDEZ(1995)",1995,"2B","ITS code,parallelization on IBM SP2","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,331-332(1995)","Valdez,G.D.","Parallelization of ITS on an IBM SP2 computer"
"VALKEALAHTI(1983)",1983,"4C1","Positron slowing down, M.C.calcs","Journal","Appl. Phys. A32,95-106(1983)","Valkealahti,S.,Nieminen,R.M.","Monte Carlo calculations of keV electron and positron slowing down in solids"
"VALKEALAHTI(1984)",1984,"4C1","Positron transport, Monte Carlo","Journal","Appl. Phys. A35,51-59(1984)","Valkealahti,S.,Nieminen,R.M.","Monte Carlo calculations of keV electron and positron slowing down in solids. 2."
"VALKEALAHTI(1988)",1988,"1C","Range (keV electrons)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  34,321-331(1988)","Valkealahti,S.,Schou,J.,Sorensen,H.,Nieminen,R.M.","Ranges and stopping power of keV electrons in the solid hydrogens"
"VALKEALAHTI(1989)",1989,"3C","Energy deposition (electron beam)","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 65,2258-2266(1989)","Valkealahti,S.,Schou,J.,Nieminen,R.M.","Energy deposition of keV electrons in light elements"
"VALLAYER(1999)",1999,"4B11","Charging of dielectrics,scanning electron microscope,trapping","Journal","Rev. Sci. Instr. 70,3102-3112(1999)","Vallayer,B.,Blaise,G.,Treheux,D.","Space charge measurement in a dielectric material after irradiation with a 30 kV electron beam: Application to single-crystals oxide trapping properties"
"VAN CAPPELLAN(1990)",1990,"4C3","EPMA, parameterless correction method","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 1,    1-22(1990)","Van Cappellen, E.","The parameterless correction method in x-ray microanalysis."
"VAN DE WIELE(2003)",2003,"4A5A","Review of PET,SPECT as predictors of response to radiotherapy","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55,     5-15(2003)","Van de Wield,C.,Lahorte,C.,Oyen,W.,Boerman,O.,Goethals,I.,Slegers,G.,Dierckx,R.A.","Nuclear medicine imaging to predict response to radiotherapy: a review"
"VAN DER MAREL(2005)",2005,"4D1","XPS,concentrations of different species,multilayered structures","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A23,1456-1470(2005)","van der Marel,C.,M.Yildirim,M.,Stapert,H.R.","Multilayer approach to the quantitative analysis of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results: Applications to ultrathin SiO2 on Si and to self-assembled monolayers on gold"
"VAN DER MEE(1989)",1989,"2C","Unique solvability of Spencer-Lewis equation analysis","Journal","J. Math. Phys. 30, 158-165(1989)","van der Mee,C.V.M.","Well-posedness of stationary and time-dependent Spencer-Lewis equations modeling electron slowing down"
"VAN DER ZEE(2005)",2005,"4A3A","MCNP-based dose engine for radiotherapy treatment planning","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,  625-641(2005)","van der Zee,W.,Hogenbirk,A.,vander Marck,S.C.","ORANGE: a Monte Carlo dose engine for radiotherapy"
"VAN DYCK(1986)",1986,"4C4","Theor formulas,secondary fluor x-ray intensities,based on Sherman","Journal","Anal. Chem. 58, 1761-1766(1986)","Van Dyck,PM.,Torok,S.B.,Van Grieken,R.E.","Enhancement effect in x-ray fluorescence analysis of environmental samples of medium thickness"
"VAN DYK(1986)",1986,"4B01","Photon attenuation","Journal","Med. Phys. 13, 105-110(1986)","Van Dyk,J.","Broad beam attenuation of Co-60 gamma-rays and 6-MV, 18-MV, and 25-MV x-rays by lead"
"VAN GRIEKEN(1993)",1993,"4C3","X-ray analysis (book review)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 23,  45-46(1993)","Van Grieken,R.E.,Markowicz,A.A.,editors","Handbook of X-ray Spectrometry: Methods and Techniques (Marcel Dekker,NY,1993)"
"VAN GYSEL(2003)",2003,"4C4","New analytic model for incoherent peaks in EDXRF","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,139-147(2003)","Van Gysel,M.,Lemberge,P.,Van Espen,P.","Description of Compton peaks in energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectra"
"VAN RIPER(2005)",2006,"4A5","Reads tomographic scans,prepares geom,material for MCNP input","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.115,513-516(2005)","Van Riper,K.A.","A CT and MRI scan to MCNP input conversion program"
"VAN SPRANG(2000)",2000,"4C4","XRF,fundamental parameter method, 2 software packages available","Journal","Adv. X-ray Analysis 42,     1-10(2000)","van Sprang,H.A.","Fundamental parameter methods in XRF spectroscopy"
"VAN VEEN(1990)",1990,"4C1","Positron profiling analysis using ""VEPFIT""","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218, 171-192(1990)","van Veen,A.,Schut,H.,de Vries,J.,Hakvoort,R.A.,Ijpma,M.R.","Analysis of positron profiling data by means of ""VEPFIT"""
"VAN VEEN(1995)",1995,"4C1","VEPFIT program extension,solves positron transport equation","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  85,216-224(1995)","van Veen,A.,Schut,H.,Clement,M.,de Nijs,J.M.M.,Kruseman,A.,Ijpma,M.R.","VEPFIT applied to depth profiling problems"
"VANBORM(1984)",1989,"4C3","EPMA (review)","Journal","Analyt. Chim. Acta 218,185-215(1989)","Vanborm,W.A.,Adams,F.C.","Recent advances in electron probe x-ray microanalysis"
"VANBORM(1991)",1991,"4C3","EPMA,ZAF correction, program","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 20,  51-62(1991)","Vanborm,W.A.,Adams,F.C.","A standardless ZAF correction for semiquantitative electron probe microanalysis of microscopic particles"
"VANDYK(1993)",1993,"4A3A","Treatment planning algorithms","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26,  261-273(1993)","Vandyk,J.Barnett,R.B.,Cygler,J.E.,Shragge,P.C.","Commissioning and quality assurance of treatment planning computers"
"VANHUNG(1991)",1991,"3E","X-ray depth distrib,expt","Journal","Czech. J. Phys. 41,1281-1287(1991)","Vanhung,N.,Jurek,K.","Depth distribution of x-rays in electron microprobe analysis"
"VANLANGEVELDE(1990)",1990,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis (synchrotron)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A292,710-727(1990)","Vanlangevelde,F.,Bowen,D.K.,Tros,G.H.J.,Vis,R.D.,Huizinga,A.,Deboer,D.K.G.","Ellipsoid x-ray focusing for synchrotron radiation microprobe analysis at the SRS, Daresbury, UK"
"VANLANGEVELDE(1991)",1991,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis (synchrotron)","Journal","Anal. Chem. 63, 2253-2259(1991)","Vanlangevelde,F.,Vis,R.D.","Trace element determinations using a 15-keV synchrotron x-ray microprobe"
"VANLANGEVELDE(1992)",1992,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis (synchrotron)","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A317,383-393(1992)","Vanlangevelde,F.,Janssens,K.H.,Adams,F.C.,Vis,R.D.","Predictions of the optical characteristics and analytical qualities of an x-ray fluorescence microprobe at the European synchrotron radiation facility (Grenoble)"
"VAREECKE(1998)",1998,"4D1","Electrical charging of insulating samples during XPR problems","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 26,  490-497(1998)","G. Vereecke,P. G. Rouxhet","Surface charging of insulating samples in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"VARGA(2001)",2001,"4E8C","Study of validity,simple energy-loss model,elastically backsc electrons","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,1019-1026(2001)","Varga,D.,Tokesi,K.,Berenyi,Z.,Toth,J.,Kover,L.,Gergely,G.,Sulyok,A.","Energy shift and broadening of the spectra of electrons backscattered elastically from solid surfaces"
"VARMA(1990)",1990,"4E4","Microdosimetry,radial dose distributions","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  31,155-160(1990)","Varma,M.N.,Zaider,M.","The radial dose distribution as a microdosimetric tool"
"VASCONI(2003)",2003,"4C5","EBIC? Scanning electron microscopy for semiconductor metrology","Journal","Microscopy & Analysis Sept 2003","Vasconi,M.,Severgnini,E.","Advances in scanning electron microscopy for semiconductor metrology"
"VASENKOV(1999)",1999,"4E2","Electron degradation,.1-3 keV electrons,argon,by Monte Carlo","Journal","Phys. Rev. E60,7382-7390(1999)(Pt. B)","Vasenkov,A.V.","Space-dependent aspects of electron degradation"
"VASIN(2007)",2007,"4C4","XRF,use of exchangeable secondary targets for monochromatization","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 36,270-274(2007)","Vasin,M.G.,Ignatyev,Yu. V.,Lakhtikov,A.E.,Morovov,A.P., Nazarov,V.V.,Trakhtenberg,L.I.","X-ray fluorescence analysis with sample excitation using radiation from a secondary target"
"VATNITSKY(1995)",1995,"4B09","Dosimetry, photon beams, quality correction factor kQ","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1749-1752(1995)","Vatnitsky,S.M.,Siebers,J.V.,Miller,D.W.","Calorimetric determination of the absorbed dose-to-water beam quality correction factor kQ for high-energy photon beams"
"VATNITSKY(1996)",1996,"4E6","Int'l proton dosimetry intercomparison with ionization chambers","Journal","Radiother. Oncol 41,169-177(1996)","Vatnitsky,S.,Siebers,J.,Miller,D.,Moyers,M.,Schaefer,M.,Jones,D.,Vynckier,S.,Hayakawa,Y.,Delacroix,S.,Isacsson,U.,...","Proton dosimetry intercomparison"
"VATNITSKY(1999)",1999,"4E6","International proton dosimetry intercomparison","Journal","Radiother. Oncol 15,273-279(1999)","Vatnitsky,S.,Moyers,M.,Miller,D.,Abell,G.,Slater,J.M.,Pedroni,E.,Coray,A.,Mazal,A.,Newhauser,W.,Jackel,O.,Heese,J.,....","Proton dosimetry intercomparison based on the ICRU report 59 protocol"
"VAZQUEZ(1990)",1990,"4C4","XRF,thickness by intensity ratio meas.","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 19,  93-96(1990)","Vazquez,C.,De Leyt,D.V.,Riveros,J.A.","Absolute x-ray fluorescence method for the determination of metal thicknesses by intensity ratio measurements"
"VEGH(2003 )",2003,"4D1","Expert system engine for XPS data-acquisition/evaluation software","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 133,  87-101(2003)","János Végh","The ""carbon contamination"" rule set implemented in an ""embedded expert system"""
"VEHANEN(1987)",1987,"4C1","Positron multilayer profiling","Journal","Phys. Rev. B35,4606-4610(1987)","Vehanen,A.,Saarinen,K.,Hautojarvi,P.,Huomo,H.","Profiling multilayer structures with monoenergetic positrons"
"VEKEMANS(1995)",1995,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence spectra","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 50B,  149-169(1995)","Vekemans,B.,Janssens,K.,Vincze,L.,Adams,F.,Van Espen,P.","Comparison of several background compensation methods useful for evaluation of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra"
"VENSELAAR(2001)",2001,"4E6","Acceptablilty criteria,photon beam dose calculations for trtmt planning","Journal","Radiother. Oncol 60,191-201(2001)","Venselaar,J.,Welleweerd,H.,Mijnheer,B.","Tolerances for the accuracy of photon beam dose calculations of treatment planning systems"
"VERBEECK(2004)",2006,"4E8A","EELS spectra quantification","Journal","Ultramicroscopy 101,207-224(2004)","Johan Verbeeck, Sandra van Aert","Model based quantification of EELS spectra"
"VERBEECK(2006)",2006,"4E8A","EELS spectra quantification","Journal","Ultramicroscopy 106,976-980(2006)","Johan Verbeeck, Sandra van Aert, Giovanni Bertoni","Model-based quantification of EELS spectra: including the fine structure.-"
"VEREL(2005)",2005,"4A5C","Immuno-PET,quant imaging procedure along with radioimmunotherapy","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,  164S-171S(2005)","Iris Verel, Gerard W.M. Visser, Guus A. van Dongen","The promise of immuno-PET in radioimmunotherapy"
"VERHAEGEN(1995)",1995,"4B07","Interface dose,50-1250 keV,M.C.study","Journal","Radiat. Res. 143,334-342(1995)","Verhaegen,F.,J.Seuntjens","Monte Carlo study of electron spectra and dose from backscattered radiation in the vicinity of media interfaces for monoenergetic photons of 50-1250 keV"
"VERHAEGEN(1999A)",1999,"4E6","Proton dose,high Z interfaces,M.C.","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,  167-183(1999)","Verhaegen,F.,Palmans,H.","Secondary electron fluence perturbation by high-Z interfaces in clinical proton beams: a Monte Carlo study"
"VERHAEGEN(1999B)",1999,"4C2","X-ray units,realistic M.C.models","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,1767-1789(1999)","Verhaegen,F.,Nahum,A.E.,Van de Putte,S.,Namito,Y.","Monte Carlo modeling of radiotherapy kV x-ray units"
"VERHAEGEN(2001A)",2001,"4A1B","IMRT optimization calculations,accuracy and speed issues","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  938-949(2001)","Verhaegen,F.,Mubata,C.,Pettingell,J.,Bidmead,A.M.,Rosenberg,I.,Mockridge,D.,Nahum,A.E.","Monte Carlo calculation of output factors for circular, rectangular, and square fields of electron accelerators (6 - 20 MeV)"
"VERHAEGEN(2001B)",2001,"4E4","Microdosimetric characteris of filtered 28 kVp Xray spectra,Monte Carlo","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,393-396(2002)","Verhaegen,F.,Castellano,I.A.","Microdosimetric characterization of 28 kVp Mo/Mo, Rh/Rh, Rh/Al, W/Rh and Mo/Rh mammography X ray spectra"
"VERHAEGEN(2002)",2002,"4B07","Interface dosimetry, Monte Carlo calcs","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 47,1691-1705(2002)","Verhaegen,F.","Evaluation of the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code for interface dosimetry near high-Z media exposed to kilovolt and Co-60 photons"
"VERHAEGEN(2003A)",2003,"4A1A","Review,MC modelling of external radiotherapy beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,  R107-R164(2003)","Verhaegen,F.,Seuntjens,J.","Monte Carlo modeling of external radiotherapy photon beams (topical review)"
"VERHAEGEN(2003B)",2003,"4B07","Dose,fluence perturbations at interfaces by high energy electron beams","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,  687-705(2003)","Verhaegen,F.","Interface perturbation effects in high-energy electron beams"
"VERHAEGEN(2006)",2006,"0A","Educational Monte Carlo program","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,N157-N161(2006)","Verhaegen,F.,Palefsky,S.,DeBlois,F.","RadSim: a program to simulate individual particle interactions for educational purposes"
"VERHEY(1992)",1992,"4B06","AAPM recommended w values for protons,heavy ions","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  151-153(1992)","Lynn J. Verhey,John T. Lyman","Some considerations regarding w values for heavy charged-particle radiotherapy"
"VERNON-PARRY(2000)",2000,"4E9","SEM tutorial:SE & BSE images,EBIC,cathodolumin,Auger electrons","Journal","III-Vs Review 13,40-44(2000)","Vernon-Parry,K.D.","Scanning electron microscopy: an introduction"
"VICANEK(1999)",1999,"2E","Invariant imbedding paper referenced by GLASOV(2003)","Journal","Surf. Sci. 151, 166 (1985)","Vicanek,M.","A paper about invariant imbedding referenced by GLASOV(2003)"
"VICARIO(1994)",1994,"4B11","Insulator charging","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 22,  115-119(1994)","Vicario,E.,Rosenberg,N.Renoud,R.","Simulation of insulator charging by a narrow electron-beam"
"VIDA(2004)",2004,"4D3","Changes in sec. emiss coeff,delta;work function changes,spectroscopy","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 227,  87-93(2004)","Vida,G.,Beck,I.,Josepovits,V.K.,Gyor,A.,Deak,P.","Electron beam induced secondary emission changes investigated by work function spectroscopy"
"VIDAL(1996)",1996,"2B","M.C.study,keV electrons","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 80,5653-5658(1996)","Vidal,R.,Baragiola,R.A.,Ferron,J.","Monte Carlo model for the deposition of electronic energy in solid argon thin films by keV electrons"
"VILCHES(2007)",2007,"2H","Electron transport through thin slabs, 5 Monte Carlo codes used","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B254 219-230(2007)","M. Vilches,S. Garcia-Pareja,R. Guerrero,M. Anguiano,A.M. Lallena","Monte Carlo simulation of the electron transport through thin slabs: A comparative study of PENELOPE, GEANT3, GEANT4, EGSnrc and MCNPX"
"VILLAFUERTE(1997)",1997,"4C3","Microprobe analysis model","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26,   3-5(1997)","Villafuerte,M.,Heluani,S.,Brizuela,H.,Hoffmann,C.","Application of the Pontriaguin method to a simple model for electron probe microanalysis"
"VINCZE(1993)",1993,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence spectrometers","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 48B,  553-573(1993)","Vincze,L.,Janssens,K.,Adams,F.","A general Monte Carlo simulation of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers.  Part 1. Unpolarized radiation, homogeneous samples"
"VINCZE(1995A)",1995,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence spectrom, synchrotron","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 50B,  127-147(1995)","Vincze,L.,Janssens,K.,Adams,F.,Rivers,M.L.,Jones,K.W.","A general Monte Carlo simulation of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers.  Part 2. Polarized monochromatic radiation, homogeneous samples"
"VINCZE(1995B)",1995,"4C4","X-ray fluorescence spectrom, synchrotron","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 50B,1481-1500(1995)","Vincze,L.,Janssens,K.,Adams,F.,Jones,K.W.","A general Monte Carlo simulation of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers.  Part 3. Polarized polychromatic radiation, homogeneous samples"
"VINCZE(1999A)",1999,"4C4","XRF,x-ray scattering, M.C. simulation","Journal","J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 14,  529-533(1999)","Vincze,L.,Vekemans,B.,Janssens,K.,Adams,F.","Modeling of photon scattering at high X-ray energies: experiment versus simulation"
"VINCZE(1999B)",1999,"4C4","XRF,Monte Carlo,high x-ray energies","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 54B,1711-1722(1999)","Vincze,L.,Janssens K.,Vekemans,B.,Adams,F.","Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray fluorescence spectra: Part 4: Photon scattering at high X-ray energies"
"VINCZE(2002)",2002,"4C4","XRF,new quantification procedure for individual particles,iterative MC","Journal","Anal. Chem. 74, 1128-1135(2002)","Vincze,L.,Somogyi,A.,Osan,J.,Vekemans,B.,Torok,S.,Janssens,K.,Adams,F.","Quantitative trace element analysis of individual fly ash particles by means of x-ray microfluorescence"
"VON SCHULTHESS(2006)",2006,"4A5C","Addition of PET to CT adds sensitivity and specificity in tumor imaging","Journal","Radiology 238,406-422 (2006)","Gustav K. von Schulthess, Hans C. Steinert, Thomas F. Hany","Integrated PET/CT: Current applications and future directions (review)"
"VORONOV(1997)",1997,"4C6","Boundary between auroral oval and polar cap","Journal","J. Atm. Solar-Terrestrial Physics 59,  231-235(1997)","Voronov,E.V.,Fridman,S.V.","The auroral oval polar boundary position"
"VOS(1996)",1996,"2B","Monte Carlo simulation,e,2e expts","Journal","Phys. Rev. B54,  5946-5954(1996)","Vos,M.,Bottema,M.","Monte Carlo simulations of (e, 2e) experiments on solids"
"VOSS(1996)",1996,"4B08","Spectromicroscopy,soft x-ray,TEY,photoelectron yield","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  80,329-335(1996)","Voss,J.,Fonefett,M.,Kunz,C.,Moewes,A.,Pretorius,M.,Ranck,A.,Schroeder,M.,Wedemeier,V.","Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy"
"VREBOS(1985)",1985,"4C4","12 correction algorithms for quantitative XRF analysis compared","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 14,  27-35(1985)","Vrebos,B.,Hlsen,J.A.","Inverse formulations of the Sherman equation for x-ray spectrometry: a review of existing algorithms"
"VREBOS(1986)",1986,"4C4","XRF,correction algorithms,influence coefficients","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 15,167-171(1986)","Vrebos,B.A.R.,Pella,P.A.","Evaluation of correction algorithms with theoretically calculated influence coefficients in wavelength-dispersive XRF"
"VREBOS(1988)",1988,"1A","X-ray absorption coefficients","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 17,    3-12(1988)","Vrebox,B.A.R.,Pella,P.A.","Uncertainties in mass absorption coefficients in fundamental parameter x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"VREBOS(2005)",2005,"4C4","Quantitative XRF,use of influence coeffs to correct for matrix effects","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,  73-79(2005)","Bennet,C.,Jonsson,P.,Lindgren,E.S.","Use of Cm and cross product coefficients in influence coefficient algorithms for quantitative analysis"
"VYATSKIN(1967)",1967,"3B","Film transm,reflec,absorption vs E,T,Z","Journal","Radio Engin. & Electronic Phys. 12,1526-1531(1967)","Vyatskin,A.Y.,Trunev,V.V.","The transmission, reflection, and absorption of electrons in thin solid films"
"VYVENKO(2004)",2004,"4C5","Applic of synchrotron based techniques->transition metal impur in Si","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 16, S141-S151(2004)","Vyvenko,O.F.,Buonassisi,T.,Istratov,A.A.,Weber,E.R.","X-ray-beam-induced current study/microprobe x-ray fluorescence: synchrotron radiation based x-ray microprobe techniques for analysis of the recombination activity and chemical nature of metal impurities in silicon"
"WAGNER(1996)",1996,"2B","SESAME applic to Auger spectra","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,623-629(1996)","Wagner,H.W.,Schiebl,C.O.,Werner,W.S.M.","Comparison of simulated and experimental Auger intensities of Au, Pt, Ni and Si in absolute units"
"WAGNER(1998)",1998,"3E","Ionization depth distribution,M.C.,straggling","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 27,373-380(1998)","Wagner,H.W.,Werner,W.S.M.","Calculation of ionization depth distributions and backscattering coefficients applying a new Monte Carlo simulation approach"
"WAGNER(2001)",2001,"4C3","EPMA,inverse modeling","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B184,450-457(2001)","Wagner,H.W.,Werner,W.S.M.,Stori,H.,Richardson,L.M.","Electron probe microanalysis inverse modeling"
"WAGNER(2005)",2005,"3A","Complete angular distribution of backscattered electrons measured","Journal","Scanning 27,298-304(2005)","Wagner,J.,Stummer,W.,Volkerer,M.,Hanke,A.,Wernisch,J.","Measuring the angular dependent energy distribution of backscattered electrons at variable geometry"
"WAIBEL(1983)",1983,"4E3","Methane:energy dissip profiles,W values,backscatter coeffs,ranges","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. 211,487-498(1983)","Waibel,E.,Grosswendt,B.","Spatial energy dissipation profiles, W values, backscatter coefficients, and ranges for low-energy electrons in methane"
"WAIBEL(1991)",1991,"4E2","Energy degradation,C,expt & M.C.","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  53,239-250(1991)","Waibel,E.,Grosswendt,B.","Degradation of low-energy electrons in carbon dioxide: energy loss and ionization"
"WAIBEL(1992)",1992,"4E3","W values,etc. in tissue equivalent gas","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,1127-1145(1992)","Waibel,E.,Grosswendt,B.","W values and other transport data on low energy electrons in tissue equivalent gas"
"WAITE(2003)",2003,"4C6","Auroras in Jupiter, earth compared","Journal","J. Geophys. Res.  (preprint),(2003)","Waite,J.H.,Lummerzheim,D.","Comparison of auroral processes: Earth and Jupiter"
"WAKER(1992)",1991,"4E4","Microdosimetry,editorial,paradigm shift","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  42,  75-76(1992)","Waker,A.J.","Microdosimetry: the next 25 years"
"WAKER(1995)",1995,"4E4","Exptl dosimetry,proport counters,microdosimetric event size spectra","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  61,297-308(1995)","Waker,A.J.","Principles of experimental microdosimetry (tutorial)"
"WAKER(2002)",2002,"4E4","Measuremt,analysis of spectrum of radiation energy dep events,applics","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  99,311-316(2002)","Waker,A.J.,Schrewe,U.,Burmeister,J.,Dubeau,J.,Surette,R.A.","Classical microdosimetry in radiation protection dosimetry and monitoring"
"WALDO(1993)",1993,"4C3","X-ray microanalysis,energy-dispers","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  111-114(1993)","Waldo,R.A.,Militello,M.C.,Gaarenstroom,S.W.","Quantitative thin film analysis with an energy-dispersive detector"
"WALKER(1990)",1990,"4C1","Positron slowing down (Monte Carlo and Boltzmann approaches)","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #218,   29-33(1990)","Walker,A.B.","Positron slowing down and surface processes"
"WALKER(1992)",1992,"2H","EGS4 code installation, microcomputer","Journal","Med. Phys. 19,  305-306(1992)","Walker,S.,Bielajew,A.,Hale,M.E.,Jette,D.","Installation of EGS4 Monte Carlo code on an 80386-based microcomputer"
"WALL(1970)",1970,"4B07","Original AFCRL Co-60 dose enhancement data","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 17,  305-309(1970)","Wall,J.A.,Burke,E.A.","Gamma dose distributions at and near the interface of different materials"
"WALL(1974)",1974,"4B07","Extensive AFCRL Co-60 dose enhancement data","Report","AFCRL-TR-75-0004","Wall,J.A.,Burke,E.A.","Dose distributions at and near the interface of different materials exposed to Cobalt-60 radiation"
"WALTERS(2002A)",2002,"2B","Method replaces statistical batches,BEANnrc,DOSXYCnrc codes","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,2745-2752(2002)","Walters,B.R.B.,Kawrakow,Rogers,D.W.O.","History by history statistical estimators in the BEAM code system"
"WALTON(2004)",2004,"4D1","Surface chemical-state microscopy by XPS,software described","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,    89-91(2004)","Walton,J.,Fairley","Quantitative surface chemical-state microscopy by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"WAMBERSIE(1990)",1990,"4E4","Microdosimetry,radiotherapy (review)","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  31,421-432(1990)","Wambersie,A.,Pihet,P.,Menzel,H.G.","The role of microdosimetry in radiotherapy (review)"
"WANG(1990)",1990,"3A","Single scat MC calcs of albedo/energy albedo,1-100 keV electrons","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  51,385-395(1990)","Wang,R.","Albedo and energy albedo of low-energy electrons from bulk materials"
"WANG(1991)",1991,"4B10","Detectors,silicon,response","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B  54,499-506(1991)","Wang,J.X.,Campbell,J.L.","Monte Carlo simulation of the response of SI(Li) detectors to monoenergetic x-rays"
"WANG(1996)",1996,"4C4","XRF,direct determination method,theory","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 25,245-257(1996)","Wang,Y.Z.","Direct determination method for homogeneous solid samples in x-ray fluorescence analysis"
"WANG(1996A)",1996,"4B02","Backscattering (photon)","Journal","J. Prosthetic Dentistry 75, 626-632(1996)","Wang,R.R.,Pillai,K.,Jones,P.K.","In-vitro backscattering from implant materials during radiotherapy"
"WANG(1996B)",1996,"3C","Dose profiles,1-5 layers,semi-emp algor","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 47,  167-170(1996)","Wang,C.S.,Luo,W.,Zhang,L.,Gu,J.,Tabata,T.,Ito,R.","A comparison of calculated and measured absorbed doses of electron beams"
"WANG(1998)",1998,"4A1A","Photon beams,dose calc.,Monte Carlo","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,  867-878(1998)","Wang,L.,Chui,C.S.,Lovelock,M.","A patient-specific Monte Carlo dose-calculation method for photon beams"
"WANG(1999A)",1999,"4A1","Photon dose incl secondary electrons,Jette's multiple scattering thry","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,1454-1465(1999)","Wang,L.,Jette,D.","Photon dose calculation based on electron multiple-scattering theory: Primary dose deposition kernels"
"WANG(1999B)",1999,"4A1A","CT-based Monte Carlo dose-calculation method,exptl verification","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,2626-2634(1999)","Wang,L.,Lovelock,M,Chui,C.S.","Experimental verifications of a CT-based Monte Carlo dose-calculation method in heterogeneous phantoms"
"WANG(2001)",2001,"4B03","Dose at distance from Sr90/Y90 beta emitter studied w/3 MC codes","Journal","Med. Phys. 28,  134-141(2001)","Wang,R.,Li,X.A.","Monte Carlo dose calculations of beta-emitting sources for intravascular brachytherapy: A comparison between EGS4, EGSnrc, and MCNP"
"WANG(2004)",2004,"4B09","MC modeling of MOSFET dosimeter,low/medium photon sources","Journal","Med. Phys. 31,1003-1008(2004)","Wang B., Kim,C.H.,Xu,X.G..","Monte Carlo modeling of a high-sensitivity MOSFET dosimeter for low- and medium-energy photon sources"
"WANG(2005)",2005,"4B09","Monte Carlo simulation of a MOSFET dosemeter","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.113,  40 - 46(2005)","Brian Wang, X. George Xu, Chan-Hyeong Kim","Monte Carlo study of MOSFET dosemeter characteristics: dose dependence on photon energy, direction and dosemeter composition"
"WANG(2005A)",2005,"4A1A","Adjoint MC method applied to 3D anatomical model (prostate)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 50,  923-935(2005)","Wang B.,Goldstein,M.,Xu,X.G.,Sahoo,N.","Adjoint Monte Carlo method for prostate external photon beam treatment planning: An application to 3-D patient anatomy"
"WANG(2005B)",2005,"4E6","GEANT4,MCNPX,proton,radiation treatment simulations","Conference","Monte Carlo 2005 Topical Meeting. The Monte Carlo Method:  Versatility Unbounded In A Dynamic Computing World”, Chattanooga, TN, April 17-21, 2005.","Wang,B.,Xu,X.G..Jiang,H.,Paganetti,H.","Comparison of GEANT4 and MCNPX for proton radiation treatment simulations"
"WANG(2005C)",2005,"4A3A","Adjoint MC treatment planning,Organs at Risk,Patient Treatment Vol","Conference","Monte Carlo 2005 Topical Meeting. The Monte Carlo Method:  Versatility Unbounded In A Dynamic Computing World”, Chattanooga, TN, April 17-21, 2005.","Wang,B.,Xu,X.G.,Goldstein,M.,Xing,L.","Modeling of PTV and OARs for adjoint Monte Carlo treatment planning"
"WANG(2006)",2006,"4A5A","Overview of molecular imaging especially interventional radiology","Journal","J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 17, 1405–1423 (2006)","David S. Wang, Michael D. Dake, Jinha M. Park, Michael D. Kuo","Molecular imaging: A primer for interventionalists and imagers (review)"
"WANG(2007)",2007,"4B09","Si diode dose-depth response,EGSnrc calculation","Journal","Med. Phys. 34,1734-1742(2007)","Lilie L. W. Wang, David W. O. Rogers","Monte Carlo study of Si diode response in electron beams"
"WATANABE(1996)",1996,"4C3","EPMA,absorption correction,thickness determination","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   65,187-198(1996)","Watanabe,M.,Horita,Z.,Nemoto,M.","Absorption correction and thickness determination using the ""zeta"" factor in quantitative x-ray microanalysis"
"WATANABE(1999)",1999,"4C3","EPMA,detection of 2 atoms,300 kV;foil thickness limits det of singles","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   78,  89-101(1999)","Watanabe,M.,Williams,D.B.","Atomic-level detection by x-ray microanalysis in the analytical electron microscope"
"WATANABE(2002)",2002,"4E5","Strand breaks for different energy electrons studyed by MC simulation","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 41:207-215(2002)","Watanabe,R.,Saito,K.","Monte Carlo simulation of strand-break induction on plasmid DNA in aqueous solution by monoenergetic electrons"
"WATANABE(2006)",2006,"4C3","New quantitative thin-film X-ray analysis procedure proposed","Journal","J. Microsc. 221,89-109(2006)","M. Watanabe,D.B. Williams","The quantitative analysis of thin specimens: a review of progress from the Cliff-Lorimer to the new zeta-factor methods"
"WATSON(1996)",1996,"4C7","Need precise backscatterr coeffs to compensate for proximity effect","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B14,4277-4282(1996)","Watson,G.P.,Fu,D.,Berger,S.D.,Tennant,D.,Fetter,L,Novembre,A.,Biddick,C.","Measurement of the backscatter coefficient using resist response curves for 20-100 keV electron beam lithography on Si"
"WEBB(1979)",1979,"4B07","Dose enhancment at an interface calculated by Monte Carlo","Journal","Brit. J. Radiol. 52,  962-967(1979)","Webb,S.","The absorbed dose in the vicinity of an interface between two media irradiated by a Co-60 source"
"WEBER(2002)",2002,"4A3A","Use of point kernels to calc dose in a treatment planning system","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 3,  73-87(2002)","Weber,L,Nilsson,P.","Verification of dose calculations with a clinical treatment planning system based on a point kernel dose engine"
"WEBER(2005)",2005,"4A5C","18F-FDG PET can reduce the side effects,costs of ineffective therapy","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 46,  983-995(2005)","Wolfgang A. Weber","Use of PET for monitoring cancer therapy and for predicting outcome (review)"
"WEBER(2007)",2007,"4A5C","CT-based atten correction may affect quant analysis of 18F-FDG PET","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 48,   36S-44S(2007)","Wolfgang A. Weber, Robert Figlin","Monitoring cancer treatment with PET/CT: Does it make a difference?"
"WEGRZYNEK(1997)",1997,"4C4","XRF,fundamental quantification procedure","Journal","Spectrochim. Acta 52B,  915-921(1997)","Wegrzynek,D.,Holynska,B.","Fundamental quantification procedure for total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectra analysis and elements determination"
"WEGRZYNEK(2003A)",2003,"4C4","Uncertainty quantification procedure,element mass fractions in soil","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,317-335(2003)","Wegrzynek,D.,Markowicz,A.,Chinea-Cano,E.,Bamford,S.","Evaluation of the uncertainty of element determination using the energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence technique and the emission-transmission method"
"WEGRZYNEK(2003B)",2003,"4C4","XRF,backscatter fundamental parameter (BFP) algorithm application","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 32,119-128(2003)","Wegrzynek,D.,Markowicz,A.,Chinea-Cano,E.,Bamford,S.","Application of the backscatter fundamental parameter method for in situ element determination using a portable energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer"
"WEI(1994)",1994,"4C1","Positron study,amorphous Si","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303, 107-112(1994)","Wei,L.,Tanigawa,S.,Hiroyama,Y.,Motooka,T.,Tokuyama,T.","Defect in amorphous silicon prepared by ion implantation"
"WEIGHTMAN(1982)",1982,"4D1","Reviews progress in XPS,AES and both together","Journal","Rept. Prog. Phys. 45,  753-814(1982)","Weightman,P.","X-ray-excited Auger and photoelectron spectroscopy (review)"
"WEIGHTMAN(1995)",1995,"4D1","AES,local electronic structure (review)","Journal","Micros Microan Microstr 6,263-288(1995)","Weightman,P.","The development of Auger spectroscopy as a probe of local electronic structure"
"WEINBRUCH(1997)",1997,"4C3","EPMA characterization of individ aerosol particles by element mapping","Journal","Microchim. Acta 125, 137-141(1997)","Stephan Weinbruch, Michael Wentzel, Manfred Kluckner, Peter Hoffmann, Hugo M. Ortner","Characterization of individual atmospheric particles by element mapping in electron probe microanalysis"
"WEINHARD(2002)",2002,"4A5C","Overview of PET,brain images,clinical applications","Report","NuPECC Report on Impact, Applications, Interactions of Nuclear Science,2002 (www.nupecc.org\pubs)","Weinhard,K.","Positron Emission Tomography (overview)"
"WEISS(1988)",1988,"4D2","PAES,first demonstration,Ni,Cu,extremely high signal to background","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   61,2245-2248(1988)","Weiss,A.H.,Mayer,R.,Jibaly,M.,Lei,C.,Mehl,D.,Lynn,K.G.","Auger-electron emission resulting from the annihilation of core electrons with low-energy positrons"
"WEISS(1994)",1994,"4C1","Slow positron beam methods","Conference","AIP Conf. Proc. #303,     1-9(1994)","Weiss,A.H.,Ottewitte,E.H.,Augenstein,B.W.,Denison,A.B.,Ghosh,V.J.,Jacobsen,F.M.,Kristiakova,K.,Lynn,K.G.,etc.","Summary of the fifth international workshop on slow positron beam techniques for solids and surfaces"
"WEISS(1996)",1996,"4D2","Check the year","Journal","J. Radioanalyt. Nucl. Chem. 210, 423-433 (1996)","Weiss,A.H.,Yang,G.,Kim,J.H.,Nangia,A.,Faazleev,N.G.","Application of positron annihilation induced Auger electron spectroscopy to the study of surface chemistry"
"WEISS(1997)",1997,"4C1","Sec electr enrgy spectra by electrons,positrons;positron reemission","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 116,311-317(1997)","Weiss,A.,Jung,E.,Kim,J.H.,Nangia,A.,Venkataraman,R.,Starnes,S.,Brauer,G.","Energy spectra of electrons and positrons emitted from surfaces as a result of low energy positron bombardment"
"WEISS-D(1995)",1995,"2F","ITS 3D application,tubing,exptl validation","Journal","Trans Am Nuc Soc 73,338-339(1995)","Weiss,D.E.,Johnson,W.C.,Kensek,R.P.","Monte Carlo simulation of dose distribution in tubing using the Integrated TIGER Series"
"WEISS-D(1997)",1997,"4A4","E-beam dose distributions,tubing,ITS & experiment","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 50,  475-485(1997)","Weiss,D.E.,Johnson,W.C.,Kensek,R.P.","Dose distributions in tubing irradiated by electron beam: Monte Carlo simulation and measurement"
"WEISS-D(2003A)",2003,"4A4","3-D dose mapping,Monte Carlo simulation","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 66,  223-235(2003)","Weiss,D.E.,Stangeland,R.J.","Monte Carlo simulation models for 3-D electron beam dose mapping. Comparison of dose predictions with dosimetry"
"WEISS-D(2003B)",2003,"4A4","Gamma sterilizer model using ITS,predictions verified by dosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68,  947-958(2003)","Weiss,D.E.,Stangeland,R.J.","Dose prediction and process optimization in a gamma sterilization facility using 3-D Monte Carlo code"
"WEISSLEDER(2001)",2001,"4A5A","Definition,properties of molecular imaging","Journal","Radiology 219,216-333(2001)","Ralph Weissleder ; Umar Mahmood","Molecular imaging (review)"
"WEISSLEDER(2006)",2006,"4A5A","MI will allow seeing both tumor location, expressions of molecules","Journal","Science 312,1168-1171(2006)","R. Weissleder","Molecular imaging in cancer (review)"
"WEISSMAN(1981)",1981,"4D1","Auger electron spectroscopy,introductory review","Journal","Surf. Sci. Reports 1,251-309(1981)","Weissmann,R.,Müller,K.","Auger electron spectroscopy - a local probe for solid surfaces (review)"
"WELLS(1976)",1976,"4E9","Backscatter in SEM,simple model vs Monte Carlo","Report","NBS SP 460 (1976),""Use of Monte Carlo Calculations in Electron Probe Microanalysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy"", Heinrich,K.F.J.,Newbury,D.E.,Yakowitz,H.,Eds.,Workshop Proceedings,1-3 Oct 1975,p.139-150","Wells,O.C.","Calculation of Type II magnetic contrast in the low-loss image in the scanning electron microscope"
"WELLS(2006)",2006,"4E9","History of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,1738-1742(2006)","Wells,O.C.,Joy,D.C..","The early history and future of the SEM"
"WEMPLE(2006)",2006,"4A3A","MINERVA,patient-centric,multi-modal treatment planning system","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 116,202-207(2005)","Wemple, C. A.; Wessol, D. E.; Nigg, D. W.; Cogliati, J. J.; Milvich, M.; Fredrickson, C. M.; Perkins, M.; Harkin, G. J.; Hartmann-Siantar, C. L.; Lehmann, J.; Flickinger, T.; Pletcher, D.; Yuan, A.; DeNardo, G. L.","MINERVA: A multi-modality plugin-based radiation therapy treatment planning system"
"WENG(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Vectorized MC for speeded up radiotherapy treatment planning calcs","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,  N111-N120(2003)","Weng,X.,Yan,Y.,Shu,H.,Wang,J.,Jiang,S.B.,Luo,L.","A vectorized Monte Carlo code for radiotherapy treatment planning dose calculation"
"WENT(2005)",2005,"4D1","KLL Auger spectra, Fe, Cu,Ge films,30-35 keV electron excitation","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 148,107-114(2005)","Went,M.R.,Vos,M.","Electron-induced KLL Auger electron spectroscopy of Fe, Cu and Ge"
"WERNER-B(1982)",1982,"4A2","Fermi-Eyges theory modified for electrons lost into oblique paths","Journal","Med. Phys.  9, 180-187(1982)","Werner,B.L.,Khan,F.M.,Delbel,F.C.","A model for calculating electron beam scattering in treatment planning"
"WERNER-B(1983)",1983,"4A1B","Fluence curves for broad electron beams,MC fits","Journal","Med. Phys. 10, 582-588(1983)","Werner,B.L.,Khan,F.M.,Deibel,F.C.","Model of calculating depth dose distributions for broad electron beams"
"WERNER-B(1985)",1985,"4B07","Interface dose distrib,electron beam","Journal","Med. Phys. 12, 754-763(1985)","Werner,B.L.","The perturbation of electron-beam dose distributions at medium interfaces"
"WERNER-B(1987A)",1987,"4B07","Interface,dose perturbations","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 585-595(1987)","Werner,B.L.,Das,I.J.,Khan,F.M.,Meigooni,A.S.","Dose perturbations at interfaces in photon beams"
"WERNER-B(1987B)",1987,"4B03","Dose distribs in regions containing beta sources","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 797-806(1987)","Werner,B.L.,Das,I.J.","Dose distributions in regions containing beta sources: Plane interface in a homogeneous medium"
"WERNER-B(1987C)",1987,"4B03","Dose distribs in regions containing slightly nonuniform beta sources","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 807-808(1987)","Werner,B.L.","Dose distributions in regions containing beta sources: Small scale inhomogeneities"
"WERNER-B(1987D)",1987,"4A1B","Calc methods: prod of sec electrons, primary electron dose distrib","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 992-995(1987)","Werner,B.L.,Das,I.J.,Khan,F.M.","The production of secondary electrons in an electron beam"
"WERNER-B(1988)",1988,"4B03","Electron transport model for dose from isotropic point source","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 358-363(1988)","Werner,B.L.,Kwok,C.S.,Das,I.J.","Dose distributions in regions containing beta sources: large spherical source regions in a homogeneous medium"
"WERNER-B(1990)",1990,"4B07","Dose at interfaces, secondary electron transprt","Journal","Med. Phys. 17, 212-226(1990)","Werner,B.L.,Das,I.J.,Salk,W.N.","Dose perturbations at interfaces in photon beams: secondary electron transport"
"WERNER-B(1991)",1991,"4B07","Interface dose,annihilation radiation contribution","Journal","Med. Phys. 18, 713-718(1991)","Werner,B.L.","Dose perturbations at interfaces in photon beams: annihilation radiation"
"WERNER-B(1995)",1995,"4A2","Fermi-Eyges model by Werner et al as used by Antolak et al(1995)","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1441(1995)","Werner,B.L.","Comment on ""Optimization of pencil beam widths for electron-beam calculations"" [Med. Phys. 22,411-419(1995)]"
"WERNER-B(1998)",1998,"2E","Electron beam model, 2-component","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,  291-311(1998)","Werner,B.L.,Cho,P.S.,Pfund,J.","The FE-lspd model for electron beam dosimetry"
"WERNER-H(1980)",1980,"4D1","AES,XPS,surface analysis (review)","Journal","Mater. Sci. & Engin. 42,    1-12(1980)","Werner,H.W.","Modern methods for thin film and surface analyses"
"WERNER-U(1982)",1982,"3A","Normal incidence backscattering,10-100 keV,analytic model","Journal","Ultramicroscopy     8,417-427(1982)","Werner,U.,Bethge,H.,Heydenreich,J.","An analytic model of electron backscattering for the energy range of 10-100 keV"
"WERNER-U(1984)",1984,"2B","Simple M.C. simulation,empir scatt","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   15,  17-27(1984)","Werner,U.,Heydenreich,J.","A simple Monte Carlo simulation of the electron target interaction on the basis of an empirical scattering formula"
"WERNER-W(1991A)",1991,"4D1","AES/XPS,Monte Carlo,depth distrib function angle-dependence","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A 9,    21-26(1991)","Werner,W.S.M.,Gries,W.H.,Stori,H.","A Monte Carlo study of the angular-dependence of the depth distribution function of signal electrons in electron spectroscopies"
"WERNER-W(1991B)",1991,"4D1","Auger,photoelectrons,attenuation theory","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 17,693-704(1991)","Werner,W.S.M.,Gries,W.H.,Stori,H.","Analytic expression describing the attenuation of Auger electrons and photoelectrons in solids"
"WERNER-W(1992A)",1992,"4D1","Depth distribution,elastic scattering efficiency,formalism","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  59,275-291(1992)","Werner,W.S.M.","The role of the attenuation parameter in electron spectroscopy"
"WERNER-W(1992B)",1992,"4D1","Electron atten,elastic scatt,M.C.calcs","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 18,217-228(1992)","Werner,W.S.M.","Towards a universal curve for electron attenuation: elastic-scattering data for 45 elements"
"WERNER-W(1992C)",1992,"4D1","Angle-resolved XPS/AES,new formalism","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 19,  83-88(1992)","Werner,W.S.M.,Stori,H.","A new formalism for angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (ARAES) of noncrystalline solids taking elastic electron scattering into account"
"WERNER-W(1992D)",1992,"4D1","Electron attenuation","Journal","Surf. Sci. 268,L319-L324(1992)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tilinin,I.S.","Attenuation of electrons in noncrystalline solids"
"WERNER-W(1993)",1993,"4D1","XPS/AES,escape probability of electrons","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci.  70-1A,29-34(1993)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tilinini,I.S.","The escape probability of Auger and photoelectrons from solids"
"WERNER-W(1994A)",1994,"4D1","AES/XPS,depth profile restoration comparison","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A12,2337-2341(1991)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tilinin,I.S.","Comparison of angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy/Auger electron spectroscopy with depth profile restoration from inelastic background analysis"
"WERNER-W(1994B)",1994,"3A","Electron backscattering,low energy","Journal","Phys. Rev. B50,  4819-4833(1994)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tilinin,I.S.,Hayek,M.","Angular distribution of electrons reflected elastically from noncrystalline solid surfaces"
"WERNER-W(1994C)",1994,"4D1","Electron backscattering,low energy","Journal","Prog. Surf. Sci. 46,241-248(1994)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tilinin,I.S.","Transport of medium energy electrons in solids: application to electron spectroscopy of non-crystalline solids"
"WERNER-W(1994D)",1994,"4D1","Depth profile reconstr,elastic scat effects","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 21,    38-43(1994)","Werner,W.S.M.,Smith,G.C.,Livesey,A.K.","Maximum entropy analysis of the effects of elastic scattering on the reconstruction of depth profiles from angle-dependent XPS measurements"
"WERNER-W(1994E)",1994,"4D1","AES,XPS,energy,angular distrib.","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 21,  537-545(1994)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tilinin,I.S.,Beilschmidt,H.,Hayek,M.","Simultaneous background subtraction and depth profile determination from AES/XPS measurements"
"WERNER-W(1994F)",1994,"4E8B","REELS spectra,Al,Ni,Pt,Au,elastic scat","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 22,    79-83(1994)","Werner,W.S.M.,Hayek,M.","Influence of the elastic-scattering cross-section on angle-resolved reflection electron-energy-loss spectra of polycrystalline Al, Ni, Pt, and Au"
"WERNER-W(1995A)",1995,"4D1","Electron scattering effects","Journal","Phys. Rev. B52,  2964-2975(1995)","Werner,W.S.M.","Influence of multiple elastic and inelastic scattering on photoelectron line-shape"
"WERNER-W(1995B)",1995,"4D1","AES/XPS,surf roughness, intensity ratios","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  696-704(1995)","Werner,W.S.M.","Magic angle for surface roughness of intensity ratios in AES/XPS"
"WERNER-W(1995C)",1995,"4D1","AES/XPS,electron collision analysis","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  737-752(1995)","Werner,W.S.M.","Partial intensity analysis (PIA) for quantitative electron spectroscopy"
"WERNER-W(1995D)",1995,"4D1","XPS,ang distribution,calculations","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 23,  823-832(1995)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tilinin,I.S.,Jablonski,A.","Efficient calculation of photoelectron angular distribution"
"WERNER-W(1996)",1996,"4D1","Transport equation,application to quantitative XPS/AES","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13, 13-38(1996)","Werner,W.S.M.","Transport equation approach to electron microbeam analysis; fundamentals and applications"
"WERNER-W(1997)",1997,"4E2","Electron slowing down","Journal","Phys. Rev. B55,14925-14934(1997)","Werner,W.S.M.","Slowing-down of medium energy electrons in solids"
"WERNER-W(2000)",2000,"4E8C","EPES,backscat coeffs measured for 24 elements. IMFP derived","Journal","Surf. Sci. 547,L123-L128(2000)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tomastik,C.,Cabela,T.,Richter,G.,Stori,H.","Electron inelastic mean free path measured by elastic peak electron spectroscopy for 24 solids between 50 and 3400 eV"
"WERNER-W(2001A)",2001,"4E8C","Elastic electron backscatter coeffs, IFMP values derived, 24 elements","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 113,127-135(2001)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tomastik,C.,Cabela,T.,Richter,G.,Stori,H.","Elastic electron reflection for determination of the inelastic mean free path of medium energy electrons in 24 elemental solids for energies between 50 and 3400 eV"
"WERNER-W(2001B)",2001,"4E8C","EPES,angular distribution of surface excitations,backscatter,Al,Si","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 114-116,  363-369(2001)","Werner,W.S.M.,Smekal,W.,Cabela,T.,Eisenmenger-Sittner,C.,Stori,H.","Angular distribution of surface excitations for electrons backscattered from Al and Si surfaces"
"WERNER-W(2001C)",2001,"4E8B","REELS,Al,Si surfaces,angular distribs,surface excitation  parameter","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A19,2388-2393(2001)","Werner,W.S.M,Smekal,W.,Stori,H.,Eisenmenger-Sittner,C.","Angular dependence of the surface excitation probability for medium energy electrons backscattered from Al and Si surfaces"
"WERNER-W(2001D)",2001,"4D1","Transport theory,different approaches,AES/XPS,other applications","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  141-176(2001)","Werner,W.S.M.","Electron transport in solids for quantitative surface analysis (tutorial review)"
"WERNER-W(2001E)",2001,"4E8B","REELS spectra measured w/emission angles 15-90 deg,SEP extracted","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 31,  475-479(2001)","Werner,W.S.M.,Smekai,W.,Stori,H.","Angular distribution of the surface excitation probability for medium-energy electrons backscattered from a polycrystalline Au surface"
"WERNER-W(2001F)",2001,"4D1","XPS,line shape analysis,multiple scat & other contribs,deconvolution","Journal","Surf. Sci. 470,325-336(2001)","Werner,W.S.M.,Cabela,T.,Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.","On line shape analysis in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"WERNER-W(2001G)",2001,"4D1","AES,ang distrib of Auger electrons,three-step model","Journal","Surf. Sci. 495,107-119(2001)","Werner,W.S.M.,Tratnik,H.,Breener,J.,Stori,H.","The three-step model in electron spectroscopy revisited  I. Angular distribution of Auger electron emission from non-crystalline Al, Si and Cu surfaces"
"WERNER-W(2002A)",2002,"4D1","AES/XPS,high E,spectra from Cu,Ni films,detailed line shape analysis","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 122,103-114(2002)","Werner,W.S.M.,Kover,L.,Toth,J.,Varga,D.","Line shape analysis of high energy X-ray induced Auger- and photoelectron spectra of thin Cu and Ni films"
"WERNER-W(2003A)",2003,"4E8B","REELS,scattering angle dependence of surface excitation probability","Journal","Phys. Rev. B67,155412(2003)","Werner,W.S.M.,Eisenmenger-Sittner,C.,Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.","Scattering angle dependence of the surface excitation probability in reflection electron energy loss spectra"
"WERNER-W(2003B)",2003,"4E8B","REELS,quantitative info on surface excitations,scattering processes","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  347-353(2003)","Werner,W.S.M.","Obtaining quantitative information on surface excitations from reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS)"
"WERNER-W(2003C)",2003,"4E8B","REELS,observation of surface and bulk plasmon coupling","Journal","Surf. Sci. 526,L159-L164(2003)","Werner,W.S.M.","Surface and bulk plasmon coupling observed in reflection electron energy loss spectra"
"WERNER-W(2004)",2004,"4D1","Quantitative understanding of EPMA,TEY,XPS,AES,REELS,EPES,...","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 235,    2-14(2004)","Werner,W.S.M.","Quantitative surface analysis with electrons"
"WERNER-W(2005A)",2005,"4E8A","Energy dissipation process,electron beams,many applications","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 143,  65-80(2005)","Werner,W.S.M.,Schattschneider,P.","On the energy dissipation process in incoherent electron scattering"
"WERNER-W(2005B)",2005,"4E8C","Backscattering,EPES,novel Monte Carlo approach","Journal","Phys. Rev. B71,115415(2005)(12 pages)","Werner,W.S.M.","Trajectory reversal approach for electron backscattering from solid surfaces"
"WERNER-W(2005C)",2005,"4D1","APECS(Auger photoelectron concidence spectroscopy),depth-selective","Journal","Phys. Rev. Lett.   94,  38302, 1-4(2005)","Werner,W.s.M.,Smekal,W.,Stori,H.,Winter,H.,Stefani,G.,Ruocco,A.,Offi,F.,Gotter,R.,Morgante,A.,Tommasini,F.","Emission-depth-selective Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy"
"WERNER-W(2005D)",2005,"2B","Partial-intensity method;applics:XPS,AES,EPES,REELS,EPMA,TEY","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  846-860(2005)","Werner,W.S.M.","Simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis using the partial-intensity approach (PIA)"
"WERNER-W(2006A)",2006,"4E6B","REELS,Cu,Ag,Au,dielectric function","Journal","Appl. Phys. Lett. 89,213106(2006)(3 pages)","Werner,W.S.M.","Dielectric function of Cu, Ag, and Au obtained from reflection electron energy loss spectra, optical measurements, and density functional theory"
"WERNER-W(2006B)",2006,"4E8B","Decomposed REELS spectra,surface & volume electronic contributions","Journal","Phys. Rev. B74,075421(2006)(14 pages)","Werner,W.S.M.","Differential surface and volume excitation probability of medium-energy electrons in solids"
"WERNER-W(2006C)",2006,"4E8C","REELS meas for Cu,Cu2O,CuO,diff surface,vol inelastic excit prob","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  628-631(2006)","Werner,W.S.M.,Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.","Measurement of the differential electron surface and volume excitation probability in Cu, CuO, and Cu2O"
"WERNER-W(2007A)",2007,"4D1","Tutorial chapter on photon and electron induced electron emission","Book","Chapter 2 In ""Slow Heavy Particle Induced Electron Emission from Solid Surfaces"", Springer Tracts in Modern Physics 225 (2007)","Werner,W.S.M.","Photon and electron induced electron emission from solid surfaces"
"WERNER-W(2007B)",2007,"4E8B",,"Journal","Surf. Sci. 601,2125-2138(2007)","Werner,W.S.M.","Analysis of reflection electron energy loss spectra (REELS) for determination of the dielectric function of solids: Fe, Co, Ni"
"WERNISCH(1990)",1990,"4B10","Detector efficiencies,incid angle variation","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A122,695-704(1990)","Wernisch,J.,Schonthaler,A.,August,H.J.","A method for determining detector efficiencies in situ by variation of the radiation incidence angle"
"WERNISCH(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA,semiconductor detector calib","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta S12,147-152(1992)","Wernisch,J.,Schonthaler,A.,August,H.J.","A method for in-situ calibration of semiconductor detectors"
"WERNISCH(1998)",1998,"4C3","EPMA,standardless,methods","Journal","Microchim. Acta S15,307-316(1998)","Wernisch,J.,Rohrbacher,K.","Standardless analysis"
"WERTHEIM(1985)",1985,"4D1","XPS data analysis","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  37,  57-67(1985)","Wertheim,G.K.,Dicenzo,S.B.","Least-squares analysis of photoemission data"
"WEYMOUTH(1951)",1951,"2C","Spencer-Lewis equation,Laplace transform approach","Journal","Phys. Rev.   84,  766-775(1951)","Weymouth,J.W.","Multiple scattering in a semi-infinite medium"
"WHELDON(2000)",2000,"4A6","Radiobiological models, microdosimetry guide to targeted radiotherapy","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 45,  R77-R95(2000)","Wheldon,T.E.","Radiation physics and genetic targeting: new directions for radiotherapy"
"WHITE(1996)",1996,"4B07","Dosimetry,nonequil (photon)","Journal","Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34,1141-1146(1996)","White,P.J.,Zwicker,R.D.,Huang,D.T.","Comparison of dose homogeneity effects due to electron equilibrium loss in lung for 6 MV and 18 MV photons"
"WIECH(1987)",1987,"3E","X-ray depth distribution","Journal","J. de Phys. 48,935-938(1987)","Wiech,G.,Zahorowski,W.","Depth distribution of characteristic x-rays of nickel and copper excited by electron bombardment"
"WIERZBICKI(1994)",1994,"4A1B","Depth-dose curves,central axis","Journal","Med. Phys. 21,  827-829(1994)","Wierzbicki,W.,Podgorsak,E.B.","An analytical expression for electron beam central axis depth doses"
"WIESLANDER(2003)",2003,"4A3A","Treatment planning where high-Z implants are present","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,3295-3305(2003)","Wieslander,E.,Knoos,T.","Dose perturbations in the presence of metallic implants: treatment planning system versus Monte Carlo simulations"
"WILKENS(2003)",2003,"4E6","Proton therapy, analytical linear energy transfer calculations","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,  806-815(2003)","Wilkens,J.J.,Oelfke,U.","Analytical linear energy transfer calculations for proton therapy"
"WILKENS(2005)",2005,"4E6","Inverse planning,proton therapy,RBE effects,biological optimization","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,  455-465(2005)","Wilkens,J.J.,Oelfke,U.","Optimization of radiobiological effects in intensity modulated proton therapy"
"WILLEMS(1992)",1992,"4E3","Energy per ion pair for protons in air","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 37,2319-2322(1992)","Willems,G.,Waibel,E.","W values of low-energy protons in air"
"WILLEMS(1998)",1998,"4E3","W values of protons in alkane series,energy per ion pair for protons","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 43,  313-323(1998)","Willems,G.,Grosswendt,B.","Experimental W values of low-energy protons in the alkane series from methane to pentane"
"WILLIAMS(1984)",1984,"4C3","Use of ionization cross-sections in analytical electron-microscopy","Journal","J. Microsc. 136,209-218(1984)","Williams,D.B.,Newbury,D.E.,Goldstein,J.I.,Fiori,C.E.","On the use of ionization cross-sections in analytical electron-microscopy"
"WILLIAMS(1989)",1989,"1B","Electron interactions,PMMA","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  49,323-334(1989)","Williams,L.E.,Callcott,T.A.,Ashley,J.C.,Anderson,V.E.","Interactions of electrons with poly (methyl-methacrylate)"
"WILLIAMS(1997)",1997,"4D1","XPS,angle-resolved,depth profiling","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A15,2122-2133(1997)","Williams,J.M.,Beebe,T.P.","High resolution algorithm for quantitative elemental depth profiling by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"
"WILLIAMS(1998)",1998,"4C3","Energy-dispersive spectrometry,review,materials science microanalysis","Journal","Micros. Microanal.   4, 567-575(1998)","David B. Williams","Impact of energy-dispersive spectrometry in materials science microanalysis"
"WILLIAMS(2002)",2002,"2C","1-D Boltzmann equation solution,coupled electron-photon transport","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,1019-1028(2002)","Williams,M.L.,Sajo,E.","Deterministic calculations of photon spectra for clinical accelerator targets"
"WILLIAMS(2003)",2003,"2C","Photon transport,3D solution of Boltzmann eq,method of characteristics","Journal","Med. Phys. 30,3183-3195(2003)","Williams,M.L.,Ilas,D.,Sajo,E.,Jones,D.B.,Watkins,K.E.","Deterministic photon transport calculations in general geometry for external beam radiation therapy"
"WILLIAMSON-J(1984)",1984,"1A","Photon transport,Monte Carlo,cross sections,binding corrections","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 29,1063-1073(1984)","Williamson,J.F.,Deibel,F.C.,Morin,R.L.","The significance of electron binding corrections in Monte Carlo photon transport calculations"
"WILLIAMSON-J(1987)",1987,"4B02","Photon transport,kernel method","Journal","Med. Phys. 14, 567-576(1987)","Williamson,J.F.","Monte Carlo evaluation of kerma at a point for photon transport problems"
"WILLIAMSON-J(1989)",1989,"4A3A","Treatment planning (review)","Journal","Comput. Med Imag Graph 13, 251-268(1989)","Williamson,J.F.","Radiation transport calculations in treatment planning"
"WILLIAMSON-J(1991)",1991,"4A1","Dose (brachytherapy)","Journal","Med. Phys. 18,1256-1265(1991)","Williamson,J.F.,Baker,R.S.,Li,Z.F.","A convolution algorithm for brachytherapy dose computations in heterogeneous geometries"
"WILLIAMSON-J(2006)",2006,"4B03","Brachytherapy:radioactivity,treatment planning,dosimetry","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 51,R303-R325(2006)","Williiamson,J.F.","Brachytherapy technology and physics practice since 1950: A half-century of progress (review)"
"WILLIAMSON-W(1985)",1985,"3A","Electron scattering from surface films on substrates","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 58,3687-3691(1985)","Williamson,W.,Antolak,A.J..","Monte Carlo calculations of electron scattering from surface films"
"WILLIAMSON-W(1986)",1986,"2B","Monte Carlo model,nonrel scattering","Journal","Am. J. Phys. 54,262-267(1986)","Williamson,W.,Jr.,Duncan,G.C.","Monte Carlo simulation of nonrelativistic electron scattering"
"WILLIAMSON-W(1987A)",1987,"3A","Electron backscattering coeff.,energy-dependent","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 61,4612-4618(1987)","Williamson,W.,Antolak,A.J.,Meredith,R.J.","An energy-dependent electron backscattering coefficient"
"WILLIAMSON-W(1987B)",1987,"3A","Electron backscatter,transmission coeffs.,Al,Au","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 61,4880-4884(1987)","Williamson,W.,Antolak,A.J..","Monte Carlo electron backscattering and transmission coefficients for thin aluminum and gold films"
"WILLICH(1985)",1985,"4C3","EPMA,submicron layers,depth distrib","Journal","J. de Micros. & Spectros. Electr. 10,269-276(1985)","Willich,P.","Electron probe microanalysis of sub-micron layers using depth distribution functions"
"WILLICH(1992)",1992,"4C3","EPMA technique (review)","Journal","Mikrochim. Acta S12,   1-17(1992)","Willich,P.","EPMA - a versatile technique for the characterization of thin films and layered structures"
"WILLICH(1996)",1996,"4C3","EPMA at low energies","Journal","Microchim. Acta S13,631-638(1996)","Willich,P.,Bethke,R.","Practical aspects and application of EPMA at low electron energies"
"WILLIS(2004A)",2004,"4C3","XRF,influence coefficient algorithms comparison","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,181-186(2004)","Willis,J.P.,Lachance,G.R.","Comparison between some common influence coefficient algorithms"
"WILLIS(2004B)",2004,"4C4","XRF,use of multiplicative factors instead of additive corrections","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,204-211(2004)","Willis,J.P.,Lachance,G.R.","A new approach to correcting theoretical emitted intensities for absorption and enhancement effects"
"WILSON(1996)",1997,"4C2","Model for quick calculations of  X-ray production in bulk specimens.","Journal","Ultramicroscopy   66,117-131(1996)","Wilson,A.R.","Monte-Carlo and finite element calculations of X-ray production at interfaces in bulk materials"
"WILSON(1999)",1999,"4E5","MC ion track model,cross-sections,binding energies,etc.","Journal","Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 38,  97-104(1999)","Wilson,W.E.,Nikjoo,H.","A Monte Carlo code for positive ion track simulation"
"WILSON(2001)",2001,"4E5","Microdosimetry experiments to study bystander effect","Journal","Radiat. Res. 155,  89-94(2001)","Wilson,W.E.,Lynch,D.J.,Wei,K.,Braby,L.A.","Microdosimetry of a 25 keV electron microbeam"
"WILSON(2002)",2001,"4E5","Monte Carlo track-structure simulations,microbeam dosimetry","Report","Washington State University Progress Report(2002)","Wilson,W.E.,Miller,J.H.,Lynch,D.J.","Monte Carlo track-structure simulations for low-LET selected cell radiation studies"
"WILSON(2004)",2004,"4E5","Track structure MC simulations in water","Journal","Radiat. Res. 161,591-596(2004).","Wilson,W.E.,Miller, J.H.,Lynch,D.J.,Lewis,R.R.,Batdorf,M.","Analysis of low-energy electron track structure in liquid water"
"WILSON-J(2000A)",2003,"4E5","Biological effects of Galactic Cosmic Rays,shielding optimization","Conference","1st Intl Workshop Space Radiat. Res p1-7(2000)","Wilson,J.W.,Cucinotta,F.A.,Kim,M.-H.Y.,Schimmerling,W.","Optimized Shielding for Space Radiation Protection"
"WILSON-J(2000B)",2000,"4A7","Human exposures to ionizing radiation (review)","Journal","Health Phys. 79,470-494(2000)","Wilson,J.W.","Overview of radiation environments and human exposures (review)"
"WILSON-W(2000)",2000,"4E4","Facilities to perform low-dose irradiations,low-LET,MC computations","Conference","Spokane conference?","Wilson,W.E.,Lynch,D.J.,Wei,K.,Miller,J.H.","Microdosimetry for low-dose low-LET selected cell irradiations"
"WINTLE(1990)",1990,"4B11","Insulator charging (review)","Journal","IEEE Trans Electr Insul 25,  27-44(1990)","Wintle,H.J.","Basic physics of insulators"
"WITHERS(2000)",2000,"4A3A","Biological aspects of conformal therapy","Journal","Acta Oncol. 39,569-577(2000)","Withers,H.R.","Biological aspects of conformal therapy"
"WOLF(1997)",1997,"4C3","X-ray spectrometry (standard)","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 26, 85-91(1997)","Wolf,S.J.","Matrix determination with scattered tube lines"
"WOLFF(1954)",1954,"4D3","Sec. electron emission,theory","Journal","Phys. Rev.   95,    56-66(1954)","Wolff,P.A.","Theory of secondary electron cascade in metals"
"WOLLMAN(1997)",1995,"4C3","Hi-res EDS microcalorimeter spectrometer for EPMA","Journal","J. Microsc. 188,196-223(1997)","Wollman,D.A.,Irwin,K.D.,Hilton,J.C.,Dulcie,L.L.,Newbury,D.E.,Martinis,J.M.","High-resolution, energy-dispersive microcalorimeter spectrometer for x-ray microanalysis"
"WOLLMAN(1999A)",1999,"4C3","EDS microcalorimeter spectrometryr with low voltage SEM","Journal","J. Microsc. 199,  37-44(1999)","Wollman,D.A.,Nam,S.W.,Hilton,G.C.,Irwin,K.D.,Bergren,N.F.,Rudman,D.A.,Martinis,J.M.,Newbury,D.E.","Microcalorimeter energy-dispersive spectrometry using a low voltage scanning electron microscope"
"WOLLMAN(1999B)",1999,"4C3","Describes cryogenic microcalorimers for x-ray microanalysis","Conference","Proceedings of the 1999 NCSL Workshop and Symposium (National Conference of Standards Laboratories) pp. 811-819 (1999).","Wollman,D.A.,Hilton,G.C.,Irwin,K.D.Bergren,N.F.,Rudman,D.A.,Newbury,D.E.,Martinis, J. M.","Cryogenic microcalorimeters for X-ray microanalysis"
"WOLLMAN(2000B)",2000,"4C3","Microcalorimeter,Al/Ag bilayer superconducting transition-edge sensor","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. A444,145-150(2000)","Wollman,D.A.,Nam,S.W.,Newbury,D.E.,Hilton,G.C.,Irwin,K.D.,Bergren,N.F.,Deiker,S.,Rudmen,D.A.,Martinis,J.M.","Superconducting transition-edge-microcalorimeter x-ray spectrometer with 2eV energy resolution at 1.5 keV"
"WONG(1981A)",1981,"4B02","Contribution of doubly scattered photons to dose at a point","Journal","Med. Phys.  8, 775-782(1981)","Wong,J.W.,Henkelman,R.M.,Fenster,A.,Johns,H.E.","Second scatter contribution to dose in a cobalt-60 beam"
"WONG(1981B)",1981,"4B06","Dose,nonequil.(photon)","Journal","Med. Phys.  8, 783-791(1981)","Wong,J.W.,Henkelman,R.m.,Andrew,J.W.,Vandyk,J.,Johns,H.E.","Effect of small inhomogeneities on dose in a Co-60 beam"
"WONG(1990)",1990,"2G","Dose, nonequil.(photon)","Journal","Med. Phys. 17, 807-814(1990)","Wong,J.W.,Purdy,J.A.","On methods of inhomogeneity corrections for photon transport"
"WONG(1996)",1996,"4A3A","Photon dose (convolution method),treatment planning","Journal","Med. Phys. 23,1511-1521(1996)","Wong,E.,Zhu,Y.P.,Vandyk,J.","Theoretical developments on fast Fourier-transform convolution dose calculations in inhomogeneneous-media"
"WONG(1997)",1997,"4E9","Backscatter electron(BSE), x-ray attenuation microscopies compared","Journal","Scanning 19,541-546(1997)","Wong,F.S.L.,Elliott,J.C.","Theoretical explanation of the relationship between backscattered electron and x-ray linear attenuation coefficients in calcified tissues"
"WONG(2006)",2006,"4C3","EPMA,MC simulation,cement-based materials,sample volume","Journal","Cement & Concrete Res. 36, 1076–1082 (2006)","H.S. Wong  N.R. Buenfeld","Monte Carlo simulation of electron-solid interactions in cement-based materials"
"WOO(1990A)",1990,"4B07","Photon beam dose calcs,density scaling for air,cork inhomogeneities","Journal","Med. Phys. 17, 187-194(1990)","Woo,M.K.,Cunningham,J.R.","The validity of the density scaling method in primary electron transport for photon and electron beams"
"WOO(1990B)",1990,"4B06","Photon dose,improved algorithm for electronic disequilibrium","Journal","Med. Phys. 17, 588-595(1990)","Woo,M.K.,Cunningham,J.R.,Jezioranski,J.J.","Extending the concept of primary and scatter separation to the condition of electronic disequilibrium"
"WOOLF(1983)",1983,"4B04","Monte Carlo calculations of Co-60 photon spectra","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 30,4371-4376(1983)","Woolf,S.,Frederickson,A.R.","Photon spectra in Co-60 gamma test cells"
"WOOLF(1984)",1984,"4B04","Monte Carlo calculations of irradiation test photon spectra (Co-60)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 31,1089-1094(1984)","Woolf,S.,Burke,E.A.","Monte Carlo calculations of irradiation test photon spectra"
"WOOLF(1986A)",1986,"4B07","Dose enhancement (calcs)","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 33,1252-1257(1986)","Woolf,S.,Garth,J.C.","Comparison of ONETRAN calculations with Co-60 dose profile data to determine the photon spectrum"
"WOOLF(1986B)",1986,"3C","Energy deposition calculation using Sn method","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  92,110-118(1986)","Woolf,S.,Filippone,W.L.,Ganapol,B.D.,Garth,J.C.","Electron transport calculational methods for a plane source embedded in an infinite medium"
"WOUTER(2004)",2004,"4A5C","3 levels of PET/CT fusion: visual, software, hardware (not yet)","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 45,   15S–24S (2004)","Wouter V. Vogel, Wim J.G. Oyen, Jelle O. Barentsz, Johannes H.A.M. Kaanders, Frans H.M. Corstens","PET/CT: Panacea, redundancy, or something in between? (review)"
"WRIGHT(2004)",2004,"2H","MCBEND code,shielding,dosimetry,general radiation transport","Journal","Nucl. Instr. Meth. B213,162-166(2004)","Wright,G.A.,Shuttleworth,E.,Grimstone,M.J.,Bird,A.J.","The status of the general radiation transport code MCBEND"
"WROE(2005)",2005,"4E6","Nonelastic nuclear interact'ns->hi LET particles->dose,biol effectiveness","Journal","Med. Phys. 32,    17-21(2005)","Wroe,A.J.,Cornelius,I.M.,Rosenfeld,Anatoly B.","The role of nonelastic reactions in absorbed dose distributions from therapeutic proton beams in different medium"
"WROE(2006)",2006,"4E4","Exptl nanodosimetry,proton accelerator, Loma Linda Univ Med Center","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 53,  532-538(2006)","Wroe, A.J.; Schulte, R.; Bashkirov, V.; Rosenfeld, A.B.; Keeney, B.; Spradlin, P.; Sadrozinski, H.F.W.; Grosswendt, B.","Nanodosimetric cluster size distributions of therapeutic proton beam"
"WU(1978)",1978,"4C5","EBIC,Schottky barrier,diffusion lengths","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 49,2827-2836(1978)","Wu,C.J.,Wittry,D.B.","Investigation of minority-carrier diffusion lengths by electron bombardment of Schottky barriers"
"WU(1995)",1995,"4B06","Ion chamber calibration,N-gas measurements,protons,electrons,Co-60","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,2057-2063(1995)","Wu,G.N.,Sandison,G.a.,Bloch,C.","Comparative N-gas measurements for a parallel plate chamber in proton, electron and Co-60 beams"
"WU(2001)",2001,"4C7","Analytical electron-resist interaction model,based on sec electron prod","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B19,2508-2511(2001)","Wu,B.,Neureuther,A.R.","Energy deposition and transfer in electron-beam lithography"
"WU(2002)",2002,"4C5","EBIC,new method for extracting minority carrier diffusion length","Journal","IEEE Trans Electr.Dev. 49,1455-1461(2002)","Wu,D.,Ong,V.K.S.","Determination of material parameters from regions close to the collector using electron beam-induced current"
"XAPSOS(1989)",1989,"4E4","Microdosimetry theory applied to devices","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 36,1896-1903(1989)","Xapsos,M.A.,Freitag,R.K.,Burke,E.A.,Dozier,C.M.,Brown,D.B.,Summers,G.P..","The random nature of energy deposition in gate oxides"
"XAPSOS(1992)",1992,"4E5","LET param for energy deposited in single event,limited accuracy","Journal","IEEE Trans Nuc Sci 39,1613-1621(1992)","Xapsos,M.A.","Applicability of LET to single events in microelectronic structures"
"XAPSOS(1996)",1996,"4E4","Analytic treatment of energy deposition,ionization fluctutations","Journal","Radiat. Measurements 26,   1-9(1996)","Xapsos,M.A.,Burke,E.A.,Shapiro,P.,Summers,G.P.","Probability distributions of energy deposition and ionization in sub-micrometer sites of condensed media"
"XING(1999)",1999,"4A3A","Inverse treatmnt planning,solution obtained by optimizing objective funct","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44,2525-2536(1999)","Xing,L.,Li,J.G.,Donaldson,S.,Le,Q.T.,Boyer,A.L.","Optimization of importance factors in inverse planning"
"XIONG(2004)",2004,"4A3B","Combined electron,photon beams for IMRT","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,1569-1582(2004)","Xiong,W.,Li,J.,Chen,L.,Price,R.A.,Freedman,G.,Ding,M.,Qin,L.,Yang,J.,Ma,C-M","Optimization of combined electron and photon beams for breast cancer"
"XU(1991)",1991,"4E2","Electron slowing down,hydrogen","Journal","Astrophys. J. 375,190-210(1991)","Xu,Y.,McCray,R.","Energy degradation of fast electrons in hydrogen gas"
"XU(1993)",1993,"4A5C","Iterative reconstruction,emission computed tomography(ECT),PET","Journal","Med. Phys. 20,1675-1684(1993)","Xu,X-L,Liow,J-S.,Strother,S.C.","Iterative algebraic reconstruction algorithms for emission computed tomography: A unified framework and its application to positron emission tomography"
"YADAV(2003)",2003,"3A","Variation of backscatter coeff in W with incident angle,beam energy","Journal","J. Phys. D 36,2538-2542(2003)","Yadav,R.K.,Srivastava,A.,Mondal,S.,Shanker,R.","Backscattering of 8-28 keV electrons from a thick tungsten target"
"YAKIMOV(2001)",2001,"4C5","EBIC,photocurrent,diffusion length depth distributions","Journal","Microscopy & Analysis 81,21-23(Jan 2001)","Yakimov,E.B.","Modulated EBIC and photocurrent: Diffusion length depth distributions (tutorial)"
"YAKIMOV(2002)",2002,"4C5","Review,EBIC,extended defects in GaN,expt and simulation","Journal","J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 14,13069-13077(2002)","Yakimov,E.B.","Electron-beam-induced-current study of defects in GaN; experiments and simulation"
"YAMAGUCHI(2007)",2007,"4D2","Monte Carlo study of x-ray generation from W/Al targets","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 39,  343-348(2007)","Yamaguchi,Y.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo simulation of spatial distribution of X rays in multifilm targets. III: optimum design as applied to W/Al-film targets"
"YAMAGUCHU(1987)",1987,"4E5","Track structure,electrons in water","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 30,  279-284(1987)","Yamaguchi,H.","A prescribed diffusion model of a many-track system considering electron track structure in water"
"YAMAGUCHU(1989)",1989,"4E5","Track structure model,electrs in water","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 34,  801-807(1989)","Yamaguchi,H.","A spur diffusion model applied to estimate yields of species in water irradiated by monoenergetic photons of 50 eV-2 MeV"
"YAMANE(2001)",2001,"4D4","Low-energy-electorn transmission spectra,graphite,below 30 eV","Journal","Phys. Rev. B64,113407/1-4(2001)","Yamane,H.,Setoyama,H.,Kera,S.,Okudaira,K.K.,Ueno,N.","Low-energy electron transmission experiments on graphite"
"YAN(1998)",1998,"2B","3-D Monte Carlo system to simulate electron scattering,image contrast","Journal","Scanning 20,  92–98 (1998)","Yan,H.,El Gomati,M.M.,Prutton,M.,Wilkinson,D.K.,Chu,D.P.Dowsett,M.G.","Mc3D: A three-dimensional Monte Carlo system simulating image contrast in surface analytical scanning electron microscopy I— Object-oriented software design and tests"
"YANG(1994)",1994,"4D2","PAES study of temp dep composition of vapor-deposited Rh on Ag","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A12,  411-417(1994)","Yang,G.,Yang,S.,Kim,J.H.,Lee,K.H.,Koymen,A.R.,Mulhollan,G.A.,Weiss,A.H.","Study of the structure of the Rh/Ag surface using positron annihilation induced Auger electron spectroscopy"
"YANG(2004)",2004,"4A1A","Electron contamination,photon beams,MC simulation (BEAM,MCSIM)","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,2657-2673(2004)","Yang,J.,Li,J.S.,Qin,L.,Ziong,W.,Ma,C-M.","Modeling of electron contamination in clinical photon beams for Monte Carlo dose calculation"
"YANG(2006)",2006,"4A5A","Radionuclide imaging reviewed (e.g.,PET,SPECT)","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 20,    1–11 (2006)","David J. Yang, E. Edmund Kim, Tomio Inoue","Targeted molecular imaging in oncology (review)"
"YASUDA(1995)",1995,"3A","Backscattering,spatial distr,M.C. model","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 77,4706-4713(1995)","Yasuda,M.,Kawata,H.,Murata,K.","Study of the spatial distribution of backscattered electrons from a gold target with a new Monte Carlo simulation"
"YASUDA(1996)",1996,"3A","Backscattering,spatial distr,simp model","Journal","Phys. Stat. Sol. A153,133-144(1996)","Yasuda,M.,Kawata,H.,Murata,K.","The spatial distribution of backscattered electrons calculated by a simple model"
"YASUDA(2002)",2002,"4C3","EPMA thickness measurement. 2 MC simulation models used","Journal","J. Appl. Phys. 92,3404-3409(2002)","Yasuda,M.,Yamauchi,S.,Kawata,H.,Murata,K.","Quantitative electron microprobe analysis of aluminum, copper, and gold thin films on silicon substrates"
"YASUDA(2004)",2004,"4D3","Sec emission from organic compounds,MC simulation","Journal","Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1,43,4004-4008(2004)","Yasuda,M.,Nobuo,T.,Kawata,H.","A Monte Carlo calculation of secondary electron emission from organic compounds"
"YASUDA(2005)",2005,"4A5C","Various carcinomas discovered incidentally during FDG PET study","Journal","Ann. Nucl. Medicine 19, 167–177 (2005)","Seiei Yasuda, Michiru Ide","PET and cancer screening (review)"
"YATER(2004)",2004,"4D3","Backscattered electron data collection,50 eV - 30 keV","Conference","Fifth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference,27-29 April 2004,Monterey,CA","Yater,J.E.,Shih,A.,Hor,C.,Levush,V.","Secondary electron emission database"
"YE(2004)",2004,"4B02","Low energy photon transport,PENELOPE,MC comparisons of dose","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 49,  387-397(2004)","Ye,S.J., Brezovich,I.A., Pareek,P., Naqvi,S.A.","Benchmark of PENELOPE code for low-energy photon transport: dose comparisons with MCNP4 and EGS4"
"YE(2006)",2006,"2B","Doppler broadening in Compton scattering,MCNP5,PENELOPE","Journal","Health Phys. 91,361-366(2006)","Ye,S-J.,Ove,R.,Naqvi,S.A.","Doppler broadening effect on low-energy photon dose calculations using MCNP5 and PENELOPE"
"YI(1998)",1998,"4B03","Beta rays, attenuation coefficients","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  78,221-230(1998)","Yi,C.Y.,Han,H.S.,Cho,W.K.,Park,U.J.,Jun,J.S.,Chai,H.S.","Calculation of mass attenuation coefficients of beta particles"
"YI(1999)",1999,"4B03","Transmission characteristics of beta-particles","Journal","Appl. Radiat. Isot. 51, 217-227(1999)","Yi,C.Y.,Han,H.S.,Jun,J.S.,Chai,H.S.","Mass attenuation coefficients of beta(+) particles"
"YI(2006)",2006,"2H","Ioniz chamber response calc using PENELOPE code,Co-60 beam","Journal","Med. Phys. 33,1213-1221(2006)","Yi,C.Y.,Hah,S.H.,Yeom,M.S.","Monte Carlo calculation of the ionization chamber response to Co-60 beam using PENELOPE"
"YIH(1987)",1987,"4D1","ESCA,ang-dep,depth profile construct","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  43,  61-82(1987)","Yih,R.S.,Rathner,B.D.","A comparison of 2 angular dependent ESCA algorithms useful for constructing depth profiles of surfaces"
"YILMAZ(2004)",2004,"4B10","Escape of photoelectrons,Compton-scatt radiation,Ge K x-rays studied","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,439-446(2004)","Yilmaz,E.,Can,C.","Photoelectron, Compton and characteristic x ray escape from an HPGe detector in the range 8-52 keV"
"YILMAZ(2006)",2006,"4B10","Escape of Ge K x-rays,Compton-scatt radiation,photoelectrons studied","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 35,  42-46(2006)","Yilmaz,E.,Pekoz,R.,Can,C.","Escape of photons and electrons from an HPGe detector at 81 keV"
"YIN(2002)",2002,"4B09","Compton scattered photons,effect on Si diodes,MC analysis","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.101,415-418(2002)","Yin,Z.,Hugtenburg,R.P.,Beddoe,A.H.","Response of silicon diode dosemeters to scattered radiation from megavoltage photon beams"
"YOKOYAMA(2004)",2004,"4A3B","IMRT,surface buildup due to electron contamination","Journal","J. Appl. Clinical Med. Phys. 5,  71-81 (2004)","Yokoyama,S.,Roberson,P.L.,Litzenberg,D.W.,Moran,J.M.,Fraass,B.A.","Surface buildup dose dependence on photon field delivery techniques for IMRT"
"YONG(2000)",2000,"4D4","Sec. emiss. spectra from Si3N4,AX photoresist,pyralinpolyimide","Journal","Scanning 22,161-166(2000)","Yong,Y.C.,Thong,J.T.L.","Determination of secondary electron spectra from insulators"
"YOO(2002)",2002,"4A1","AAPM TG61 protocol, kilovot x-ray dosimetry","Journal","Med. Phys. 29,2269-2273(2002)","Yoo,S.,Grimm,D.,ZHu,R.,Jursinic,P.,Lopez,F.,Rownd,J.,Gillin,M.","Clinical implementation of AAPM TG61 protocol for kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry"
"YORIYAZ(2001)",2001,"4A5A","MCNP-4B code used to verify spatial dose distribution based on CT","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 42,   662-669 (2001)","Helio Yoriyaz, Michael G. Stabin, Adimir dos Santos","Monte Carlo MCNP-4B–Based absorbed dose distribution estimates for patient-specific dosimetry"
"YOSHIHARA(1998)",1998,"4D1","AES,XPS,spectral data sharing","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A16,1388-1393(1998)","Yoshihara,K.,Yoshitake,M.","Sharing of Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectral data through the internet"
"YOSHIKAWA(1992)",1992,"4D1","AES/XPS,MC simulation of spectra,nice foundational paper","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A10,2931-2937(1992)","Yoshikawa,H.,Shimizu,R.","Monte Carlo simulation of Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra"
"YOSHIKAWA(1993)",1993,"4E8B","REELS, XPS spectra,Au,M.C.analysis","Journal","Scanning Microsc Suppl 7,  39-48(1993)","Yoshikawa,H.,Tsukamoto,T.,Shimizu,R.","Energy loss function and source function for Au 4f photoelectrons derived by Monte Carlo analysis of reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra"
"YOSHIKAWA(1995)",1995,"4E8B","Au REELS data used to find energy loss function","Journal","J. Vac. Sci. Tech. A13,1984-1989(1995)","Yoshikawa,H.,Irokawa,Y.,Shimizu,R.","Measurements of reflected electron energy loss spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra for derivations of the energy loss function and source function for Au 4f photoelectrons"
"YOSHIKAWA(1999)",1999,"4E8B","REELS spectr,inelast mfp,M.C.simul","Journal","Surf. Sci. 431,    8-15(1999)","Yoshikawa,H.,Fukushima,S.","An evaluation of the differential inelastic mean free path from REELS spectrum using Monte Carlo simulation: application to TiC"
"YOSHIOKA(2004)",2004,"4C2","MC simul,spat distrib of char x-rays,W/Al film targets,optim design","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,1417-1422(2004)","Yoshioka,A.,Yamaguchi,Y.Tamura,K.,Shimizu,R.","Monte-Carlo simulation of spatial distribution of characteristic x-rays in multi-film target: source size of Al K-alpha x-rays in W/Al film targets"
"YOSHIOKA(2005)",2005,"4C2","MC simulation,energy deposition,x-ray generation,W/Al target","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 37,  356-361(2005)","Yoshioka,A.,Yamaguchi,Y.,Tamura,K.,Shimizu,R.","Monte-Carlo simulation of spatial distribution of x-rays in multi-film targets. II: Spatial distribution of continuous x-rays and temperature elevation in W/Al film targets"
"YOUHUA(1988)",1988,"4C3","EPMA,theory,fluorescence radiation in multi-layer films","Journal","J. Phys. D 21,1221-1225(1988)","Youhua,H.,Yencal,H.,Jaguang,C.","The calculation equations of characteristic fluorescence for multi-layer films"
"YOUHUA(1993)",1993,"4C3","EPMA,Monte Carlo,film on substrate","Journal","J. Phys. D 26,   66-72(1993)","Youhua,H.","An iteration incorporating the Monte Carlo simulation for calculating the mass thickness of a multicomponent film on a substrate"
"YOUSFI(2006)",2006,"4E4","Electron MC, multi-layers:sec electr em, inel collisions,energy spectra","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.122,  46-52(2006)","M. Yousfi, J. Leger, J. F. Loiseau, B. Held, O. Eichwald, B. Defoort, J. M. Dupillier","Electron beam transport in heterogeneous slab media from MeV down to eV"
"YU(1988)",1988,"4A2","Pencil beam distribution","Journal","Med. Phys. 15, 662-671(1988)","Yu,C.X.,Ge,W.S.,Wong,J.W.","A multiray model for calculating electron pencil beam distribution"
"YU(1995)",1995,"4A2","Photon dose calculation,Fermi-Eyges theory used","Journal","Med. Phys. 22,1157-1165(1995)","Yu,C.X.,Mackie,T.R.,Wong,J.W.","Photon dose calculation incorporating explicit electron transport"
"YU(1999)",1999,"4B03","Prostate seed implant brachytherapy report TG-64","Journal","Med. Phys. 26,2054-2076(1999)","Yu,C.X.,Anderson,L.L.,Li,Z.,Mellenberg,D.E.,Nath,R.,Schell,M.C.,Waterman,F.M.,Wu,A.,Blasko,J.C.","Permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy: Report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 64"
"YUBERO(1992)",1992,"4E8B","REELS,model.inelast scatt cross-sects","Journal","Phys. Rev. B46,  2486-2497(1992)","Yubero,F.,Tougaard,S.","Model for quantitative analysis of reflection-electron-energy-loss spectra"
"YUBERO(1993)",1993,"4E8B","REELS,quantitative analysis,Si,SiO2,dielectric loss function","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 20,  719-726(1993)","Yubero,F.,Tougaard,S.,Elizalde,E.,Sanz,J.M.","Dielectric loss function of Si and SiO2 from quantitative analysis of REELS spectra"
"YUBERO(1996A)",1996,"4E8B","REELS,model for spectra,ang dependence","Journal","Phys. Rev. B53,  9719-9727(1996)","Yubero,F.,Sanz,J.M.,Ramskov,B.,Tougaard,S.","Model for quantitative analysis of reflection-electron-energy-loss-spectra: angular dependence"
"YUBERO(1996B)",1996,"4E8B","REELS,model for spectra,expt'l test","Journal","Phys. Rev. B53,  9728-9732(1996)","Yubero,F.,Fujita,D.,Ramskov,B.,Tougaard,S.","Experimental test of model for angular and energy dependence of reflection-electron-energy-loss spectra"
"ZAIDER(1990)",1990,"4E4","Microdosimetry,track structure theory","Journal","Radiat. Res. 124,S16-S22(1990)","Zaider,M.","Microdosimetry and Katz's track structure theory. I. One-hit detectors"
"ZAIDER(1994)",1994,"4E4","M.C.,electron tracks,ice,microdosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  52,139-146(1994)","Zaider,M.,Vracko,M.G.,Fung,A.Y.C.,Fry,J.L.","Electron transport in condensed water"
"ZAIDER(1999A)",1999,"4E4","Abstract unavailable","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  82,163-166(1999)","Zaider,M.,Dicello,J.F.,Horowitz,Y.","Where do we stand on solid state microdosimetry?"
"ZAIDER(1999B)",1999,"4E4","Solid state microdosimetry","Journal","Radiat. Prot. Dosim.  85,443-446(1999)","Zaider,M.,Bardash,M.J.,Ladik,J.","Solid state microdosimetry"
"ZAIDER(2000)",2000,"4E3","Microdosimetry approach to biological effectiveness of radiation","Journal","Int. J. Quantum Chem. 80,327-340(2000)","Zaider,M.,Fung,A.Y.C.,Li,J.,Ladik,J.","From track structure to stochastic chemistry and DNA damage: Microdosimetric perspective"
"ZAIDI(1999)",1999,"4A5A","Review of Monte Carlo simulation applied to nuclear medical imaging","Journal","Med. Phys. 26, 574-608(1999)","Zaidi,H.","Relevance of accurate Monte Carlo modeling in nuclear medical imaging"
"ZALAR(2004)",2004,"4D1","AES,review,fundamentals,quantitative analysis,depth profiling","Book","EMAS 2004 -  6th Regional Workshop on ""Electron Probe Analysis of Materials Today - Practical Aspects"", Bled, Slovenia, pp  117-130","Zalar,A.","Surface and thin-film analysis using Auger electron spectroscopy (tutorial)"
"ZALM(2000)",2000,"4D1","Beams>10 keV lead to XRF-spurious photoelectron peaks in AES","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 29,  602-607(2000)","Zalm,P.C.,Toussaint,S.L.G.,Crombeen,J.E.","Fluorescence-based photoelectron features in Auger spectra"
"ZANKL(2005)",2005,"2H",,"Journal","Biomed.Techn. 50 (Suppl.1,Part 1), 407-408 (2005)","Zankl,M.,Becker,J.,Petoussi-Henss,N.,Eckerman,K.F.","Voxel models of ICRP reference man"
"ZANKOWSKI(1997)",1997,"4B06","Dosimetry (extrapolation chamber)","Journal","Med. Phys. 24,  497-503(1997)","Zankowski,C.E.,Podgorsak,E.B.","Calibration of photon and electron-beams with an extrapolation chamber"
"ZANZONICO(1999)",1999,"4A5A","External radiation hazard from beta emitter bremsstrahlung is negligible","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 40,1024-1028 (1999)","Pat B. Zanzonico, Barbara L. Binkert, Stanley J. Goldsmith","Bremsstrahlung radiation exposure from pure beta-ray emitters"
"ZANZONICO(2000)",2000,"4A5A","Reviews concepts,techniques to characterize radionuclide rad doses","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 41, :297-308(2000)","Pat B. Zanzonico","Internal radionuclide radiation dosimetry: A review of basic concepts and recent developments (review)"
"ZANZONICO(2002)",2002,"4A5A","Distinction between model-based and patient-specific dosimetry blurred","Journal","J. Nucl. Med. 43,1665-1666(2002)","Pat B. Zanzonico","Model-based versus patient-specific dosimetry: Blurring the lines"
"ZANZONICO(2004)",2004,"4A5C","PET review","Journal","Semin. Nucl. Med. 34,: 87-111(2004)","P. Zanzonico","Positron emission tomography: a review of basic principles, scanner design and performance, and current systems"
"ZANZONICO(2006)",2006,"4A5C","PET review","Journal","Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 16,:61-101(2006)","P. Zanzonico","PET-based biological imaging for radiation therapy treatment planning"
"ZARKADES(2004)",2004,"4C4","Fundamental parameters algorithms applied to secondary fluorescence","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 33,447-454(2004)","Zarkadas,Ch.,Karydas,A.G.","Fundamental parameters approach in tube-excited secondary target XRF set-ups: comparison between theory and experiment"
"ZECCA(2002)",2002,"4C1","Low energy positron beams,status,perspectives,possible industrial appl","Journal","Appl. Surf. Sci. 194,    4-12(2002)","Zecca,A.","Positron beam development and design"
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"ZEMEK(1999)",1999,"4D1","Photoelectron escape probaility,expts","Journal","Fres J Anal Chem 363,156-159(1999)","Zemek,J.,Hucek,S.","Experiments to determine the escape probability of photoelectrons"
"ZEMEK(2000)",2000,"4D1","AES.XPS,EPES reviewed","Journal","Acta Phys. Polon. 50,577-589(2000)","Zemek,J.","Electron spectroscopy of solid surfaces (review)"
"ZEMEK(2001)",2001,"4D1","XPS study of Ag2S,expt,M.C.,theoretical model,escape depths","Journal","Surf. Sci. 473,    8-16(2001)","Zemek,J.,Jiricak,P.,Hucek,S.,Jablonski,A.,Lesiak,B.","Escape probability of photoelectrons from silver sulphide"
"ZEMEK(2004A)",2004,"4E8C","EPES,Si,effect of charge-carrier concentration (ECASIA '03)","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  809-811(2004)","Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.,Lesiak,B.,Jablonski,A.","Elastic electron backscattering from silicon surfaces: effect of charge-carrier concentration"
"ZEMEK(2004B)",2004,"4D1","XPS,study of changes in chemical bonding in an irradiated glass","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  884-887(2004)","Zemek,J.,Gedeon,O.","Low-energy and low-dose electron irradiation of potassium-lime-silicate glass investigated by XPS.  Part II. Chemical bonding"
"ZEMEK(2006)",2006,"4E8C","EPES,angular-resolved,Au,Ag,Cu,Fe,SI,200,500,1000 eV","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  615-619(2006)","Zemek,J.,Jiricek,P.,Werener,W.S.M.Werner,Lesizk,B.,Jablonski,A.","Angular-resolved elastic peak electron spectroscopy: experiment and Monte Carlo calculations"
"ZENGMING(2003)",2003,"4E8B","Ag,effective energy-loss functions derived from REELS data","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  403-409(2003)","Zengming,Z.,Koshikawa,T.,Iyasu,T.,Shimizu,R.,Goto,G.","Comparison of energy-loss functions form REELS spectra with surface and bulk energy loss functions for Ag"
"ZERBY(1967)",1967,"2A","Electron transport (review)","Journal","Nucl. Sci. Engin.  27,190-$(1967)","Zerby,C.D.,Keller,F.L.","Electron transport theory. Calculations and experiments"
"ZEZE(1994)",1994,"4E8C","EPES studies of Au,Ag,Ag/Au,computer simulation","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros.  68,757-762(1994)","Zeze,D.,Gruzza,B.,Bondot,C.A.,Bideux,L,.Jardin,C.,Gergely,G.","Au, Ag and Ag/Au samples, studied using elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) and computer simulation"
"ZHAN(2005)",2005,"4C4","EDXRF with polarization excitation tested on 100 unknown samples","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 34,207-212(2005)","Zhan,X.","Application of polarized EDXRF in geochemical sample analysis and comparison with WDXRF"
"ZHAN(2007)",2004,"4C4","XRF,study of characteristic x-ray line intensities using polarized x-rays","Journal","X-ray Spectrom. 36,275-278(2007)","Zhan,X.,Luo,L.,Fan,X.","Spatial XRF distribution characteristics associated with polarized EDXRF spectrometry"
"ZHANG(1998)",1998,"4A1B","Stopping power ratios,effect of field size","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,1711-1716(1998)","Zhang,G.G.,Rogers,D.W.O.,Cygler,J.E.,Mackie,T.R.","Effects of changes in stopping-power ratios with field size on electron beam relative output factors"
"ZHANG(2003)",2003,"4D1","Silver 3d XPS spectra simulated by MC-predicted angular distrib","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 35,  818-823(2003)","Zhang,Z.,Koshikawa,T.,Iyasu,T.,Shimizu,R.,Goto,K.,Tanaka,A.","Monte-Carlo simulation of x-ray photoelectron emission from silver"
"ZHANG(2004)",2004,"4D1","REELS,eff depth of surface excitation,DIIMFPs for bulk,surf excitation","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 36,  334-338(2004)","Zhang,Z.,Iyasu,T.,Shimizu,R.,Goto,K.,Koshikawa,T.,Tamura,K.","Effective depths for surface excitation derived by reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy analysis"
"ZHANG(2006)",2006,"4E8B","REELS,inelastic scatteirng,Ag,expt & theor,effect energy loss function","Journal","Surf. Interf. Anal. 38,  632-635(2006)","Zhang,Z.M.,Ding,Z,J.,Li,H.M.,Tokesi,K.,Varga,D.,Toth,J.","Effective energy loss function of silver derived from reflection electron energy loss spectra"
"ZHARNIKOV(2002)",2002,"4B08","Partial electron yield (PEY),elastically,inelastically scattered electrons","Journal","J. Electr. Spectros. 124,  15-24(2002)","Zharnikov,M.,Frey,S.,Heister,K.,Grunze,M.","An extension of the mean free path approach to x-ray absorption spectroscopy"
"ZHENGMING(1987)",1987,"4E7","Bipartition model of ion transport,range distribution of light ions","Journal","Phys. Rev. B36,1885-1893(1987)","Zhengming,L.,Shiming,W.","Bipartition model of ion transport: An outline of new range theory for light ions"
"ZHENGMING(1990)",1990,"4E7","PIXE,determining depth profile of trace elements from x-rays produced","Journal","J. Phys. D 23,  184-191(1990)","Zhengming,L.","A new method for determining the depth profile of trace elements by PIXE"
"ZHENGMING(1998)",1998,"4A2","Multiple scatt theory,electron pencil-beam model","Journal","Med. Phys. 25,1954-1963(1998)","Zhengmimg,L,Jette,D,Walker,S.","Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory: A hybrid electron pencil-beam model"
"ZHENGMING(1999)",1999,"4A1B","Accelerator energy spectrum deduced from percentage depth dose data","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 44, N177-N182(1999)","Zhengming,L.,Jette,D.","On the possibility of determining an effective energy spectrum of clinical electron beams from percentage depth dose (PDD) data of broad beams"
"ZHENGMING(2003)",2003,"4B02","Analytic transport of high-energy photons,secondary charged particles","Journal","Chinese Physics 12,803-808(2003)","Zheng-Ming,L.,Cheng-Jun,G,Laub,W.","The penetration, diffusion and energy deposition of high-energy photon"
"ZHENHU(2002A)",2002,"1B","Modified Love-Cox-Scott (1978) eq of electron energy loss suggested","Journal","Scanning 24,  46-51(2002)","Zhenyu,T.,Yancai,H.","An empirical energy loss equation of electrons"
"ZHENHU(2002B)",2002,"3A","MC simul,energy spectra,backscat low-E electrons,films on substrates","Journal","Scanning 24,257-263(2002)","Zhenyu,T.,Yueyuan,X.","A Monte Carlo study of the thickness determination of ultra-thin films"
"ZHIQUIANG(1996)",1996,"1B","Inner shell ioniz cross sects,algorithm","Journal","Comput. Phys. Comm. 97,315-330(1996)","Zhiquang,L.,Cipolla,S.J.","ISICS: A program for calculating K-, L-, and M-shell cross sections from ECPSSR theory using a personal computer"
"ZHOU(1993)",1993,"3A","Radiation processing,dose measurements and calculations","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 42,  817-820(1993)","Zhou,Y.,Zhou,Y.Y.,Luo,Z.M.","Measurements and calculations of absorbed dose in electron beam radiation processing"
"ZHOU(2000A)",2000,"3C","Energy deposition calculations,multilayers,bipartition model","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 57,  671-674(2000)","Zhou,Y.,An,Z.,Hou,Q.,Tang,Q.","Energy deposition calculations in dose measurements of 0.2-3.0 MeV electrons"
"ZHOU(2000B)",2000,"3A","Bipartition model, reflection coefficients of electrons","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 57,  731-734(2000)","Zhou,Y,An.Z.,Tang,Q.,Tang,C.","Reflection of electrons from material surfaces"
"ZHOU(2002)",2002,"3C","Bipartition model, dose distrib in circular materials","Journal","Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63,  723-727(2002)","Zhou,Y.,Zhou,X.,An,Z.,Zhou,Y.,Wang,S.","Measurements and calculations of electron dose distributions in circular materials"
"ZHOU(2003)",2003,"2F","3D brachytherapy dose distributions calc,integral transport algorithm","Journal","Phys. Med. Biol. 48,    73-93(2003)","Zhou,C.,Inanc,F.","Integral-transport-based deterministic dose calculations"
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